Sustainability in Information and Communication Technologies

2022 ◽  
pp. 771-792
Author(s):  
Clara Silveira ◽  
Leonilde Reis

Information and communication technologies (ICT) can provide added value in an organizational context in order to enhance the definition of business support strategies. The purpose of the chapter is to focus on the contribution of ICT to implement a sustainability policy in the organizations, in the context of the sustainable development goals to improve cooperation and promote development. In this context, the principles of the Karlskrona Manifesto are applied to the development of software systems. The methodology focused on the literature review of the domain and on a case study, in order to analyze the impact of ICT as an engine of sustainability in organizations. The main conclusions focus on the analysis of the impact of established practices in organizations to design and develop sustainable software systems. The results point to a greater consciousness of the potential effects of software systems on sustainability, which will improve management practices, reducing the quantity of material to be recycled, and aligning organizational strategies with Green IT.

Author(s):  
Clara Silveira ◽  
Leonilde Reis

Information and communication technologies (ICT) can provide added value in an organizational context in order to enhance the definition of business support strategies. The purpose of the chapter is to focus on the contribution of ICT to implement a sustainability policy in the organizations, in the context of the sustainable development goals to improve cooperation and promote development. In this context, the principles of the Karlskrona Manifesto are applied to the development of software systems. The methodology focused on the literature review of the domain and on a case study, in order to analyze the impact of ICT as an engine of sustainability in organizations. The main conclusions focus on the analysis of the impact of established practices in organizations to design and develop sustainable software systems. The results point to a greater consciousness of the potential effects of software systems on sustainability, which will improve management practices, reducing the quantity of material to be recycled, and aligning organizational strategies with Green IT.


Author(s):  
César González-Rodríguez ◽  
Santos Urbina-Ramírez

La importancia que han cobrado las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en la sociedad durante los últimos años ha provocado que la competencia digital sea considerada como clave en el diseño de las políticas educativas y, en consecuencia, que desde diversos ámbitos se hayan desarrollado múltiples instrumentos destinados a la evaluación de las habilidades y destrezas digitales de docentes, discentes y población en general. Es por ello que se ha considerado pertinente analizar diversos tipos de herramientas usadas en la última década en España para el diagnóstico de la competencia digital del alumnado de distintas etapas educativas prestando atención, entre otros aspectos, a los ítems utilizados, la estructura de las herramientas o la metodología empleada. Este trabajo profundiza en el análisis de una serie de investigaciones que, pese a compartir, en muchos casos, aspectos metodológicos, difieren en su visión y concepción de la competencia digital, algo que dificulta el establecimiento de pautas comunes de evaluación, ya que resulta complicado acordar cómo medir una variable cuando la definición de la misma se presta a múltiples interpretaciones. Precisamente la definición de un marco común de referencia en el ámbito educativo que sirva para abordar la evaluación de las habilidades digitales es uno de los retos de investigadores e instituciones, si bien no se trata de una tarea sencilla cuando las tecnologías digitales se caracterizan por los continuos y vertiginosos cambios The impact of Information and Communication Technologies on society in recent years has caused digital competence to be considered the key to designing educational policies and, consequently, the development of numerous instruments for the evaluation of the digital skills and abilities of teachers, students and the population, in general, in several fields. Therefore, it has been considered relevant to analyze various types of tools used in the past decade in Spain for the diagnosis of the digital competence of students from different educational stages, paying attention, among others, to the items used, the structure of the tools or the methodology. This work goes in depth in the analysis of a series investigations that, despite sharing some methodological aspects in many ways, differ in their vision and conception of the digital competence. This makes the establishment of some common evaluation guidelines more difficult, since it is complicated to agree on how to measure a variable when its own definition could be interpreted in several ways. The definition of a common frame of reference in the educational field that serves to address the evaluation of digital skills is precisely one of the challenges of researchers and institutions. However, it is not an easy task when digital technologies are characterized by continuous and vertiginous changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Dmitriev ◽  
T. A. Ignat'eva ◽  
V. P. Pilyavskiy

Aim. To analyze the concept of “artificial intelligence”, to justify the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies.Tasks. To study the conceptual apparatus; to propose and justify the author’s definition of the “artificial intelligence” concept; to describe the technology of speech recognition using artificial intelligence.Methodology. The authors used such general scientific methods of cognition as comparison, deduction and induction, analysis, generalization and systematization.Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the existing conceptual apparatus, it is concluded that there is no single concept of “artificial intelligence”. Each author puts his own vision into it. In this regard, the author’s definition of the “artificial intelligence” concept is formulated. It is determined that an important area of applying artificial intelligence technologies in various fields of activity is speech recognition technology. It is shown that the first commercially successful speech recognition prototypes appeared already by the 1990s, and since the beginning of the 21st century. The great interest in “end-to-end” automatic speech recognition has become obvious. While traditional phonetic approaches have requested pronunciation, acoustic, and language model data, end-to-end models simultaneously consider all components of speech recognition, thereby facilitating the stages of self-learning and development. It is established that a significant increase in the” mental “ capabilities of computer technology and the development of new algorithms have led to new achievements in this direction. These advances are driven by the growing demand for speech recognition.Conclusions. According to the authors, artificial intelligence is a complex of computer programs that duplicate the functions of the human brain, opening up the possibility of informal learning based on big data processing, allowing to solve the problems of pattern recognition (text, image, speech) and the formation of management decisions. Currently, the active development of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence concepts has led to a wide practical application of intelligent technologies, especially in control systems. The impact of these systems can be found in the work of mobile phones and expert systems, in forecasting and other areas. Among the obstacles to the development of this technology is the lack of accuracy in speech and voice recognition systems in the conditions of sound interference, which is always present in the external environment. However, the recent advances overcome this disadvantage.


Author(s):  
Saida Habhab-Rave

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the policy of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the development of countries, especially on Tunisia. The first part of the article summarizes the evolution of the definition of ICTs policy. In the second part, the authors assess the contribution of ICT to the development of Tunisia. Tunisian’s response to these ICT challenges is discussed from three viewpoints. Firstly, the ways ICTs are impacting on the business, management and development. Secondly, what is being done with regard to ICT policies, especially for all sectors of the society. Thirdly, the impact the broader vision of policy has. In the final part, the relationship between policies of ICTs and sustainable development is discussed. On the basis of the technology-knowledge-innovation-economic development cycle, individual participation is thought to begin with general, ICT and business. The fascinating case history of the Finnish Information Society which lends significant tangible support to this and other models is summarized.


Author(s):  
Anthony Bolton ◽  
Leila Goosen ◽  
Elmarie Kritzinger

The purpose of this chapter is to present research describing work in an organizational context in order to optimize the practices established in the most diverse domains of knowledge, attending to the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and sustainability in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. An empirical study into the impact of digital transformation via unified communication and collaboration (UC&C) technologies on the productivity and innovation of a global automotive enterprise is thus reported on in the chapter. The primary research question addressed in the study was: To what extent does digital transformation, implemented through unified communication and collaboration technologies, impact productivity and innovation within a global automotive enterprise? The conclusion of the study is that digital transformation, delivered via an integrated framework with UC&C technologies, impact productivity and opportunity for driving innovation within a global automotive enterprise.


2011 ◽  
pp. 247-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Navarro

The aim of this chapter is to define and to measure electronic democracy. In order to achieve this purpose, first, different conceptual perspectives about the interconnection between new information and communication technologies and democratic institutions are described. Second, a definition of electronic democracy and its relationship with classical theories on representative democracy is provided. Third, with this description, an index to measure the stage of development of electronic democracy in a given political system is developed. Fourth, the index is tested in some Latin American municipalities. Finally, with the obtained results, some conclusions about the level and nature of electronic-democracy implementation in the region are described. The chapter adopts an institutional approach to understand the impact of ICTs on institutions that illustrates how difficult defining and measuring this reality can get.


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (54) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Carmen Berenice Ynzunza Cortés ◽  
Juan Manuel Izar Landeta

RESUMEN Objetivo: Explorar la cultura organizacional y las prácticas de gestión de conocimiento que llevan a cabo las empresas del Estado de Querétaro; el impacto que las mismas tienen en los niveles de satisfacción y el desempeño laboral de sus trabajadores; al igual que su vínculo con las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación. Material y método: El estudio se llevó a cabo en empresas de manufactura y servicios del Estado de Querétaro. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de conveniencia con base en el deseo de los encuestados en participar. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 247, la escala utilizada fue tipo Likert de 5 puntos para medir la gestión de conocimiento, la satisfacción y el desempeño; mientras que la cultura organizacional se midió con una escala de 1 a 100. El total de ítems fue de 58. Resultados: La cultura organizacional ligeramente predominante es la de mercado según la escala de OCAI. Las prácticas de gestión de conocimiento (GC) tienen un efecto significativo sobre los niveles de satisfacción y el desempeño laboral; y están vinculadas positivamente con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Existen diferencias en cuanto al impacto de la cultura organizacional sobre la gestión del conocimiento, al igual que en los niveles de satisfacción y el desempeño laboral, favoreciendo las de aplicación y conservación del conocimiento en la mayoría de ellas. Asimismo, se encontraron similitudes entre la cultura de adhocracia y la jerarquizada. Conclusiones:La cultura organizacional está relacionada con la gestión de conocimiento, fomenta actitudes positivas hacia éste, generando niveles más altos de satisfacción; es un catalizador importante para el aprendizaje organizacional, la efectividad laboral y sin duda alguna, el desempeño organizacional. La gestión de conocimiento debe ser una actividad planeada y sistematizada que permita la identificación, generación y transferencia del conocimiento. ABSTRACT Objective: Explore the organizational culture and the knowledge management practices carried out by the companies in the state of Querétaro; the impact that these practices have in the satisfaction and job performance of their employees as well as their link with the information and communication technologies. Material and method: The study was carried out in manufacturing and service companies in the State of Queretaro. The sampling was a convenience nonprobabilistic one based on the desire to participate of those who were surveyed. The sample size was 247. The scale used was that of 5 points Liker-type to measure the knowledge management, the satisfaction, and the job performance, while the organizational culture was measured with a scale of 1 to 100. The total of items was 58. Results: The slightly predominant organization culture is the one of the market according to the OCAI scale. The knowledge management practices have a significant effect on the satisfaction and job performance levels, and they are positively linked to the use of the information and communication technologies. There are differences in the impact of the organizational culture over the knowledge management, as well as in the satisfaction and job performance levels, favoring the ones of application and keeping of the knowledge in most of them. Furthermore, similitudes were found in both, the adhocracy and the hierarchy culture. Conclusions: The organizational culture is related to the knowledge management, promotes positive attitudes towards it, generating higher levels of satisfaction. It is an important catalyst for the organizational learning, the effectiveness of work, and undoubtedly, the organizational performance. The knowledge management must be a planned and systematic activity that allows the identification, generation and transference of knowledge.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Bekzod Bobomurodov ◽  
◽  
Dilfuza Akabirxodjayeva

This article has discussed the importance of information and communication technologies for the economy of Uzbekistan and the ongoing reforms in this area. The purpose of the study is to give suggestions and recommendations for the development of ICT in Uzbekistan. In the article, an analytical analysis of employment in the field of ICT has been accomplished.


2019 ◽  
Vol 944 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
V.A. Pavlova ◽  
E.L. Uvarova

The authors describe modern trends in development of the cadastral system. The main features of the procedure of cadastral registration and software systems that act as accounting and registration of automated databases are highlighted. The technological process of maintaining the unified state register of real estate is analyzed in detail. The modern system of information electronic interaction in the real estate register is designated. The role of information and communication technologies in the Russian cadastral system is shown. The authors propose a classification of online services of Rosreestr in a number of ways. The fourth group of online services is allocated as the most promising as it provides opportunities to obtain additional information at the common activity fields of different Executive authorities. The authors conclude that changes in the cadastral system of the Russian Federation are greatly influenced by global trends which in turn are aimed at expanding the functions of the cadastre as an information basis of land management.


Author(s):  
Julio Cabero-Almenara ◽  
Julio Barroso-Osuna ◽  
Juan-Jesús Gutiérrez-Castillo ◽  
Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez

The impact and benefit that information and communication technologies (ICT) have in the educational field require new teaching skills. This fact has been increased by the recent crisis caused by COVID-19. This study tries to investigate the level of digital teaching competence (DTC) of Higher Education teachers of Health Sciences, and its relationship with several variables. For this, it has the participation of 300 teachers from the 9 universities of Andalusia (Spain). The research is structured through a descriptive (RQ1) and inferential (RQ2) design. The answers given to the DigCompEdu Check-In questionnaire adapted to the Spanish context are analyzed. The results, which show high levels of reliability of the questionnaire (Cronbach and McDonald) and validity (CFA), indicate that the level of competence is basic-intermediate. In addition, the area in which teachers excel is digital resources. For this reason, it is proposed to structure personalized training plans and continue expanding the characteristics of this study at an international level.


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