Poverty Reduction Through Microfinance

2022 ◽  
pp. 187-216
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Essential Path

Microfinance is believed by many people in Africa to allow poor people to protect, diversify, and increase their sources of income, which is known to be the essential path out of poverty and hunger. This chapter examines whether microfinance can really help to reduce poverty. The enduring question is: Can microfinance be the game changer that will lift the many poor rural women and men in Africa out of the misery of extreme poverty? Is this strategy bliss or myth? First, the author provides a context and rationale for microfinance in African countries. Second, the chapter follows a brief overview of the literature on the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment and whether credit lending transactions benefit the intended recipients. Finally, the chapter reviews the arguments of both sides of the debate and draws out future research trends.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation in the human levels of poverty and its impact on the performance of human capital In Iraq, for the period 2010- 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rebar Fatah Mohammed ◽  
Ismail Aziz Asad ◽  
Abduallah Al-Dabash
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrates the concept of poverty to deny the poor access to basic basket of goods consisting of food, clothing and housing, in addition to a minimum of other needs, such as health care, transportation and education .and human capital in Iraq suffers from poverty capacity that qualify to contribute to economic development. Research has adopted a hypothesis: that inflation lowers the value of the currency and thus raise the poverty line, which contributes to the increase in the number of poor in the country, which contributes to reducing the skills and abilities of young people to contribute to economic development . The research aims to study the effect of inflation in increasing the number of poor people in Iraq through the study of the impact of inflation and its impact on the poverty line on human capital in Iraq. The research has come to conclusions which: : The poverty line in Iraq, equivalent to about $ 100 a month, less than the rate of $ 2 per day, and this means that Iraq's poor live in deprivation and extreme poverty compared to poor African countries, non-oil, which constitutes the poverty line, up to $ 30-60 per month. The reasons for the high rates of inflation in Iraq due to the absence of a clearly . The spread of financial and administrative corruption, according to a report in the governance of the international organization which ranked Iraq the last state in transparency. Some styles of gatekeepers and decision-makers to adopt Gatekeepers  currency and pumped into the market or hard currency smuggling to neighboring countries . The research was presented proposals including: the development of macroeconomic policy include the ways and methods of reducing poverty in Iraq, and to benefit from the experiences of other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore. Reduce the financial and administrative corruption through the dimensions of the corrupt and thieves for managerial positions and refer them to the courts . Open foreign direct investment in all areas of economic and service sectors to provide job opportunities contribute to the reduction of unemployment and poverty reduction.

Remittances, Economic Growth and Poverty: A Case of African OIC Member Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Nasim Shah Shirazi ◽  
Sajid Amin Javed ◽  
Dawood Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of remittance inflows on economic growth and poverty reduction for seven African countries using annual data from 1992-2010. By using the depth of hunger as a proxy for poverty in a Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM), we find that remittances have statistically significant growth enhancing and poverty reducing impact. Drawing on our estimates, we conclude that financial development level significantly increases the remittances inflows and strengthens poverty alleviating impact of remittances. Results of our study further show a signficant interactive imapct of remittances and finacial develpment on economic growth, suggesting the substitutability between remittance inflows and financial development. We further find that 3 percentage point increase in credit provision to the private sector (financial development) can help eliminate the severe depth of hunger in the region. Remittances, serving an alternative source of private credit, can be effective in this regard. Keywords: Remittance Inflow, Poverty Alleviation, Financial Development, Simultaneous Equation Model

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-244
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Arriola ◽  
Martha C. Johnson ◽  
Melanie L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Politics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gendered Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The concluding chapter revisits the main hypotheses regarding women’s experiences as aspirants, candidates, and legislators. Complemented by tables summarizing key findings, the chapter identifies where and how the book’s studies of Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, and Zambia either uphold or contradict hypotheses from the existing literature. Building on this summary, the chapter presents an agenda for future research on women’s political participation in African countries focused on the importance of financial constraints for women’s candidacies, the role of violence in shaping women’s political options, and the impact women in power have on gendered institutions. The book ends on an optimistic note, arguing that despite these barriers, the case studies clearly demonstrate that women are adept at securing a place for themselves, and asserting their voice, in local and national politics.

scholarly journals ICT Uptake and Technology Linkages in Rural Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Juseuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
High Tech ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This report focuses on how quickly and creatively electronic communication is spreading and transforming rural areas in Africa and, particularly, two selected communities in Zambia as case studies. The report also shows ways in which communities are adapting information and communication technologies (ICTs). And this research is interested in studying how quickly electronic communication is spreading and transforming rural areas in Africa and, in particular, the Republic of Zambia. The impact of social networks is being used in dynamic, creative ways to not only spread business opportunities but to energize economies and society. They want to gather community and household information to understand the many ways communities are adapting these technologies. Their methods of adoption and adaptation of technologies do not resemble high-tech societies where governments support massive infrastructure projects.  For example, highly creative uses of low-tech cell phones are energizing commerce and spawning new ways of building creative solutions, making African countries some of the fastest growing economies in the world today.

Effect of foreign aid on corruption: evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rashid Mohamed ◽  
Shivee Ranjanee Kaliappan ◽  
Normaz Wana Ismail ◽  
W.N.W Azman-Saini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of foreign aid on corruption in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Foreign aid is aimed to promote economic growth by complementing the recipient country’s shortfall of financial resource. However, if the recipient country’s quality of governance and institutions is poor, the process of growth will be undermined. Since foreign aid to SSA countries has been increasing substantially in recent years, it is imperative to explore its impact on the level of corruption in the SSA countries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted to use a Quantile regression (QR) approach to examine the impact of foreign aid on corruption. The data cover from the year 2000 to 2010 for 42 Sub-Saharan countries. QR is appropriate to achieve the stated objective because the method enables to examine the effect of aid on at different level of corruption. Findings – The paper provides empirical insights on the impact of foreign aid on corruption level in SSA countries. The finding indicates that foreign aid has reduction effect on the corruption level of SSA countries. The effect is likely to be greater in nations that experience a higher level of corruption. The findings further reveal that aid from different bilateral sources has different effect on corruption. As a whole, the findings are statistically significant and robust to alternative measure of corruption. Research limitations/implications – Since the study just focus on Sub-Saharan African countries, the research findings may lack generalization to the entire African countries or poor developing countries that are receiving substantial amount of foreign aid. Therefore, future research should incorporate all the African countries or all poor developing countries. Practical implications – Since the empirical findings reveals that aid reduces the corruption level and aid from different bilateral source have different effect on corruption, it is important to establish more cooperation between donor countries in allocating aid. The conditions attached to aid should be, among other things, be related with improvement of governance and institutional environment. Allocation of aid should be selective such that countries in institutional quality should be among the important criteria for a country to qualify for aid. Originality/value – This paper fulfills the need to study the relationship between foreign aid and corruption in the case of SSA countries. The aid-corruption nexus is relatively under explored issue especially in the case African countries.

South Korea’s Aid to Africa and Compliance with International Norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Norm Internalization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPrevious literature on Korea’s official development assistance (oda) has tended to focus on Korea’s national interest in providingoda, in a way that is biased toward accepting the assumption of a realist paradigm and ignoring the aspect of international cooperation observed in Korea’s aid behavior. To fill this gap in the literature, I examine the impact of the poverty reduction norm in determining Korea’s aid behavior. I adopt qualitative research methods and examine two aspects of the impact of the norm of poverty reduction in Korea’soda: the incorporation of this norm intoodapolicy and transformations in aid allocation to African countries. I also conduct an analysis at the level of the system and the unit to identify the factors that encourage Korea to sensitively respond to the poverty reduction norm. I argue that norm internalization has led Korea to increase aid to Africa.

scholarly journals The Effects of Global Interaction on Poverty in Developing Countries, 1991-2005

2012 ◽  
pp. 236-265
Author(s):  
Jason Hall ◽  
Loretta Bass
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Impact

While previous studies have examined the impact of globalization on a myriad of welfare outcomes in developing countries, the effect of cross-national exchanges on extreme poverty remains unexplored. Poverty has declined substantially during this most recent wave of globalization, suggesting that cross-border relations may be partially responsible. We test this proposition by estimating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and the presence of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) on poverty, measured at both the $1.25-a-day (extreme poverty) level, and the $2.50-a-day (moderate poverty) level, net of domestic conditions. Using a sample of 114 developing countries over five waves of data collected from 1991 to 2005, results from random effects models show that FDI exhibits a positive relationship with poverty at the $1.25 and $2.50 levels, while trade openness demonstrates a negative relationship with both extreme and moderate poverty. Once domestic conditions are controlled, INGO participation fails to demonstrate a significant effect on poverty at either level. Among domestic variables, economic growth and fertility rate affect poverty at the $1.25 level, while growth and domestic investment demonstrate an effect at the $2.50 level. These findings confirm that global interaction by poor countries influences poverty reduction within these countries, but in different directions.

Health Misinformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Nan ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Kathryn Thier
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Many ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Feature Negative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Harmful Effects

Research on health misinformation has grown rapidly as concerns about the potential harmful effects of health misinformation on individuals and society intensify amid a “post-truth” era. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of current research and evidence concerning the many facets of health misinformation, including its sources, prevalence, characteristics (both content and diffusion features), impact, and mitigation. We conclude that health misinformation originates from many sources, most notably mass and social media; is fairly prevalent, both in interpersonal and mediated settings; and tends to feature negative sentiments, anecdotal evidence, and anti-science narratives. Although there is no conclusive evidence that health misinformation spreads more broadly than scientific information, health misinformation reliably leads to misperceptions on health issues. Efforts to mitigate the impact of health misinformation show early promise in correcting misperceptions. We offer several directions for future research.

NTFP Utilization and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction among Rural Women in Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Adedayo ◽  
O. I. Falade
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Forestry Extension ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Poverty among rural women in Nigeria is high and widespread. Exploitation of NTFPs possesses great potentials in reducing poverty among rural women in Nigeria. This is because NTFPs provide income that is significant to the income of rural women. This paper therefore examines the impact of NTFP utilization on poverty reduction among rural women in Ondo State, Nigeria. Five local government areas (LGAs) out of 18 LGAs in the study area were purposively selected. Four rural communities were randomly selected from each sampled LGA making a total of 20 villages in the study area. 15 rural women were randomly selected in each sampled community to make a total of 300 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaire were used to get information on the income realized from NTFPs. The results showed that rural women utilize NTFPs for household consumption and to generate income. The results also showed that 22.3% of the respondents earned more than USD278 per annum from the exploitation of NTFPs. Chi- square tests (p< 0.05) shows that age of rural women has a significant association with the income earned from the exploitation of NTFPs. The results further showed that 73% of the respondents earned more than 50% of their income from the exploitation of NTFPs. Rural women are however faced with some problems in the utilization of NTFPs in the study area. These include insect attack, bad weather and poor roads. These problems can be solved through repair of rural roads, improved forestry extension and provision of boots to rural women.

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