Battery Swapping Station

2022 ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Furkan Ahmad ◽  
Essam A. Al-Ammar ◽  
Ibrahim Alsaidan
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Ev Charging

State-of-the-art research to solve the grid congestion due to EVs is focused on smart charging and using (centralized, de-centralized, vehicle-to-grid) stationery energy storage as a buffer between times of peak and off-peak demand. On the other hand, the charging of EVs introduces new challenges and opportunities. This can prove to be beneficial for the EV aggregator as well as to consumers, regarding the economy. Also, EV as distributed storage makes the grid more steady, secure, and resilient by regulating frequency and the spinning reserve as backup power. However, the charging time and range anxiety lead to peak challenges for the use of EVs. In this chapter battery swapping station (BSS) as solution to the EV charging station is discussed.

scholarly journals PV-Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicles: Power Management with Integrated V2G

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6500
Author(s):  
Dian Wang ◽  
Manuela Sechilariu ◽  
Fabrice Locment
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
The Public ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increase in power demand from the public grid; hence, a photovoltaic based charging station for an electric vehicle (EV) can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle-to-grid technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services to the grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. In this paper, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. The proposed searching peak and valley algorithm can determine the optimal charging/discharging start time of EV in consideration of the initial state of charge, charging modes, arrival time, departure time, and the peak periods. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm’s effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, whilst meanwhile satisfying the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost.

scholarly journals Utilizing Local Flexibility Resources to Mitigate Grid Challenges at Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Iliana Ilieva ◽  
Bernt Bremdal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

Charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on a large scale can cause problems for the grid. Utilizing local flexibility resources, such as smart charging, stationary battery, vehicle-to-grid applications, and local generation can be an efficient way to contain the grid challenges and mitigate the need for grid reinforcement. Focusing on the INSPIRIA charging station located in Norway, this paper investigates the possibility of coping with imminent grid challenges by means of local flexibility. First, the potential grid challenges are estimated with the help of Monte Carlo simulations. Second, cost and performance for the various local flexibility sources are presented. Third, an analysis of the choice of battery, charging process, and battery economy are provided. Finally, the paper discusses the optimal mix of flexibility resources to efficiently mitigate grid challenges at the INSPIRIA charging station.

scholarly journals Multiport Converter based EV Charging Station with PV and Battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2518-2521
Author(s):  
Priya A. Khobragade
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Multiport Converter ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Ev Charging ◽  
Fast Charging Station

: As a ecofriendly electrical vehicle, is vehicles that are used electric motor or traction motor. Are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emission . The electric vehicle depend on photovoltaic and battery energy storage system . Electric vehicles include not limited road and railways. It consist of many electric appliances for use in domestic and industrial purposes that is electric car ,electric bike ,electric truck ,electric trolley bus , electric air craft ,electric space craft.The main Moto of this paper is a modelling of proposed system smart charging for electrical vehicle insuring minimum stress on power grid . The large scale development of electrical vehicle we need electric charging station for example fast charging station and super-fast charging station . During a peak demand load , large load on charging station due to the voltage sag , line fault and stress on power grid . At this all problem avoid by multiport converter based EV charging station with PV and BES by using analysis of MATLAB simulation. Result and conclusion of this paper to reduce losses improving efficiency of solar energy , no pollution (reduce) fast charging as possible as without any disturbance.

scholarly journals A multi-factor GIS method to identify optimal geographic locations for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqin Zhang ◽  
Kory Iman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

Fuel-based transportation is one of the major contributors to poor air quality in the United States. Electric Vehicle (EV) is potentially the cleanest transportation technology to our environment. This research developed a spatial suitability model to identify optimal geographic locations for installing EV charging stations for travelling public. The model takes into account a variety of positive and negative factors to identify prime locations for installing EV charging stations in Wasatch Front, Utah, where automobile emission causes severe air pollution due to atmospheric inversion condition near the valley floor. A walkable factor grid was created to store index scores from input factor layers to determine prime locations. 27 input factors including land use, demographics, employment centers etc. were analyzed. Each factor layer was analyzed to produce a summary statistic table to determine the site suitability. Potential locations that exhibit high EV charging usage were identified and scored. A hot spot map was created to demonstrate high, moderate, and low suitability areas for installing EV charging stations. A spatially well distributed EV charging system was then developed, aiming to reduce “range anxiety” from traveling public. This spatial methodology addresses the complex problem of locating and establishing a robust EV charging station infrastructure for decision makers to build a clean transportation infrastructure, and eventually improve environment pollution.

scholarly journals Emission, Mitigation and Estimation through Solar Based Ev Charging Station

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Ev Charging ◽  
Day By Day

The paper investigates how we can utilize the renewable source of energy (i.e. solar energy) to charge an EV. Transportation plays a vital role in day to day life. In India, pollution is increasing day by day. Carbon footprints for India are alarming and it can only be reduced with use of renewable energy uses. India’s more than 3/4th of fuel consumption is met by imports from other countries. To boost EVs in Indian market, Solar charging is best method for charging because of two reasons, first no carbon footprints and other is no dependency on grid for power meet. Increasing charging station will be the foremost need of an EV user and it can be employed at various places like- offices, malls hospitals etc. This paper presents an idea about how can solar energy can be used for charging an EV and also gives a comparison chart for EV user and Non-EV user. In addition, a survey was conducted to provide people’s opinion on solar EV charging station. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) method will show power can be supplied to grid from a charged EV. At last its advantages for environment and society are concluded.

scholarly journals Electromobility and Flexibility Management on a Non-Interconnected Island

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Enea Mele ◽  
Anastasios Natsis ◽  
Aphrodite Ktena ◽  
Christos Manasis ◽  
Nicholas Assimakis
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Generating Capacity

The increasing penetration of electrical vehicles (EVs), on the way to decarbonizing the transportation sector, presents several challenges and opportunities for the end users, the distribution grid, and the electricity markets. Uncontrollable EV charging may increase peak demand and impact the grid stability and reliability, especially in the case of non-interconnected microgrids such as the distribution grids of small islands. On the other hand, if EVs are considered as flexible loads and distributed storage, they may offer Vehicle to Grid (V2G) services and contribute to demand-side management through smart charging and discharging. In this work, we present a study on the penetration of EVs and the flexibility they may offer for services to the grid, using a genetic algorithm for optimum valley filling and peak shaving for the case of a non-interconnected island where the electricity demand is several times higher during the summer due to the influx of tourists. Test cases have been developed for various charging/discharging strategies and mobility patterns. Their results are discussed with respect to the current generating capacity of the island as well as the future case where part of the electricity demand will have to be met by renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic plants, in order to minimize the island’s carbon footprint. Higher EV penetration, in the range of 20–25%, is enabled through smart charging strategies and V2G services, especially for load profiles with a large difference between the peak and low demands. However, the EV penetration and available flexibility is subject to the mobility needs and limited by the population and the size of the road network of the island itself rather than the grid needs and constraints. Limitations and challenges concerning efficient V2G services on a non-interconnected microgrid are identified. The results will be used in the design of a smart charging controller linked to the microgrid’s energy management system.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC-FUNDED CHARGING STATIONS TO INCREASE THE RATE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) OWNERSHIP IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Faiz Rafiza Ahmadani ◽  
Rafi Aquary
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Public ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
The Government ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

The current surplus of electricity across Indonesia has further underlined many opportunities to optimize the usage of electricity in many sectors; including on the issue of Electric Vehicle (EV) ownership within the country. According to the government’s projection, the state-owned enterprise (SOE) of PLN would construct 254.181 units of charging stations by 2030. However, there exists the problem of ‘chicken and egg’; in which more EV charging stations would be required to spur EV sales and vice versa. In addition to that, the lack of charging stations has also led to the disinterest from the public to purchase EVs due to fear of range anxiety. Hence, this paper is written to address the importance of publicly funded charging stations in Indonesia to help cultivate EV development within the country. Not only that, since Indonesia is the largest member country of ASEAN, it could be the ‘trendsetter’ of this issue in the region and would have the upper hand position as an early adopter. Our hypotheses suggest that not only publicly funded the development of charging stations would be beneficial to the future-buyer of EV, but also for the government itself.     Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Charging Station, Public-Funded, Range Anxiety   

scholarly journals Optimal Size of a Smart Ultra-Fast Charging Station

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2887
Author(s):  
Carola Leone ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Size ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Power Rate

An ever-increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads inevitably leads to an ever-stringent need for an adequate charging infrastructure. The emerging ultra-fast charging (UFC) technology has the potential to provide a refueling experience similar to that of gasoline vehicles; hence, it has a key role in enabling the adoption of EVs for medium-long distance travels. From the perspective of the UFC station, the differences existing in the EVs currently on the market make the sizing problem more challenging. A suitably conceived charging strategy can help to address these concerns. In this paper, we present a smart charging station concept that, through a modular DC/DC stage design, allows the split of the output power among the different charging ports. We model the issue of finding the optimal charging station as a single-objective optimization problem, where the goal is to find the number of modular shared DC/DC converters, and where the power rate of each module ensures the minimum charging time and charging cost. Simulation results show that the proposed solution could significantly reduce the required installed power. In particular, they prove that with an installed power of 800 kW it is possible to satisfy the needs of a UFC station composed of 10 charging spots.

scholarly journals An Optimization Model for the Temporary Locations of Mobile Charging Stations

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Simona Răboacă ◽  
Irina Băncescu ◽  
Vasile Preda ◽  
Nicu Bizon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Charging Stations

A possible solution with which to alleviate the range anxiety of electric vehicle (EV) drivers could be a mobile charging station which moves in different places to charge EVs, having a charging time of even half an hour. A problem that arises is the impossibility of charging in any location due to heavy traffic or limited space constraints. This paper proposes a new operational mode for the mobile charging station through temporarily stationing it at different places for certain amounts of time. A mathematical model, in the form of an optimization problem, is built by modeling the mobile charging station as a queuing process, the goal of the problem being to place a minimum number of temporary service centers (which may have one or more mobile charging stations) to minimize operating costs and the charger capacity of the mobile charging station so that the service offered is efficient. The temporary locations obtained are in areas with no or few fixed charging stations, making the mobile station infrastructure complementary to the fixed charging station infrastructure. The temporary location operational mode, compared to current moving operational mode, is more efficient, having a small miss ratio, short mean response time and short mean queuing time.

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