Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Ozcan Demetgul
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Visual Problems

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition involving various symptoms that is mainly seen in younger adults. The most commonly involved are the superior sagittal sinus, lateral sinus, and simoid sinus. About 1% of all ischemic strokes are considered CVT. It is seen 3-fold more in young women. The incidence was estimated to be approx. 1/1000000. Cerebral venous sinuses are superficial and deep spaces, and they have vital functions. There are many symptoms. The most common complaint is headache (89%). Studies reported many different clinical symptoms. Neurological signs including motor and sensorial losses, impaired consciousness, speech disorder, epileptic seizures, visual problems (hemianopia, nystagmus, diplopia, and papilledema), and cranial nerve signs may be seen. The diagnosis is made primarily by suspecting the clinical condition and radiological presentation of thrombosis. The most basic diagnostic method is cranial imaging. Anticoagulants are the main method of treatment. The prognosis has improved over the last years thanks to early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Superior Sagittal Sinus as a Rare Cause of a Paroxysmal Kinetic Tremor

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Murao ◽  
Shuji Arakawa ◽  
Yoshihiko Furuta ◽  
Masahiro Shijo ◽  
Tetsuro Ago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Kinetic Tremor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has a broad spectrum of clinical presentation compared to arterial etiology. Seizure is one of the common symptoms and is more frequent than in other stroke types. Hence, transient neurological symptoms in CVT patients are usually due to epileptic seizures, while transient repetitive movement disorder is extremely rare except as a complication of epilepsy. We report a case of CVT in the superior sagittal sinus with a 1-year history of paroxysmal kinetic tremor without evident epilepsy.

scholarly journals Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Tunisian Monocenter Study on 160 Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ben Sassi ◽  
Nahla Touati ◽  
Hela Baccouche ◽  
Cyrine Drissi ◽  
Neila Ben Romdhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Female Predominance

Objective: Data regarding cerebral venous thrombosis in North Africa are scarce. This study aims to identify the clinical features, risk factors, outcome, and prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tunisia. Methods: Data of 160 patients with radiologically confirmed cerebral venous thrombosis, hospitalized in Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology (Tunis, Tunisia), were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: The mean age was 37.3 years with a female predominance (83.1%). The mode of onset was subacute in most cases (56.2%). Headache was the most common symptom (71.3%), and focal neurologic symptoms were the main clinical presentation (41.8%). The most common sites of thrombosis were the superior sagittal sinus (65%) and the lateral sinus (60.6%). More than 1 sinus was involved in 114 (71.2%) patients. Parenchymal lesions observed in 85 (53.1%) patients did not correlate with cerebral venous thrombosis extent. Major risk factors were obstetric causes (pregnancy and puerperium) found in 46 (38.6% of women aged <50 years) patients, followed by anemia (28.1%) and congenital or acquired thrombophilia (16.2%). Mortality rate was of 6.6%. Good outcome at 6 months (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) was observed in 105 (87.5%)of 120 patients available for follow-up. Predictors of poor outcome were altered consciousness and elevated plasma C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion: Clinical and radiologic presentation of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tunisia was quite similar to other parts of the world with, however, a particularly high frequency of obstetric causes. Plasma C-reactive protein level should be considered as a prognostic factor in CVT.

scholarly journals Specific Polymorphism 4G/5G Gene for PAI-1 as a Possible Cause of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Tatjana Boskovic Matic ◽  
Aleksandar Gavrilovic ◽  
Snezana Simovic ◽  
Dejan Aleksic ◽  
Katarina Vesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

AbstractThrombosis of veins and venous sinus (CVT) is the rare cerebral vascular disorder which makes less than 1% of all strokes. Thrombosis of veins and venous sinuses is picturesquely called “мајоr neurological forger” since it is characterized by very varied clinical picture. Among the various causes of CVT, which can be of infective or non-infective nature, the congenital hyper coagulations especially stand out, diagnosis is based on highly sophisticated diagnostic tests.We present the case of a female patient, 36 years old, who was hospitalized at the Clinic for Neurology in Clinical Center because of the diffuse headache she had for the last few days, with milder right-sided hemiparesis and one generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizure. With nuclear magnetic resonance (MR/2D venography) the thrombosis of the upper and lower sagittal sinuses is confirmed. By appropriate laboratory tests, as well as by confirmatory immunological and genetic analyses, the impact of the most of the factors is excluded which can contribute to the occurrence of venous thrombosis. The only pathological findings which indicated the possible congenital thrombophilia as the cause of the sagittal sinus thrombosis was the determination of the specific polymorphism of the 4G/5G gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.According to our knowledge, this is the first decribed case of the possible impact of the specific polymorphism of the 4G/5G gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor of 1 on the development of cerebral venous thrombosis.

scholarly journals Combined Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Case of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kuribayashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Manabe ◽  
Shunya Fujiwara ◽  
Yoshio Omote ◽  
Hisashi Narai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Sagittal Sinus

We report a rare case of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) and cerebral venous thrombosis associated with proteinase-3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA)-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). A 58-year-old male developed left headache after exudative otitis media. The laboratory data were positive for PR3-ANCA. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral paranasal sinusitis, left frontal lobe edema, and a thick dura mater with abnormal enhancement in the frontotemporal lobe. Magnetic resonance venography detected stenosis of the superior sagittal sinus. The patient was successfully treated with glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, and apixaban. Contrast neuroimaging should be performed for patients who present with unexplained headache, especially with middle ear and paranasal inflammation. These symptoms should be considered as GPA-related HP and cerebral venous thrombosis.

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis as a focal point of pulmonary embolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
G. R. Ramazanov ◽  
A. E. Talypov ◽  
A. A. Kanibolotskiy ◽  
Kh. V. Korigova ◽  
V. N. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

This article represents the discussion of a clinical case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis as a focal point of fatal pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. The direct source of pulmonary embolism is deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and pelvis in 80–90% of all cases. The veins of the upper extremities and venous heart cause it less often. Pulmonary embolism in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis is observed in 1.4% of patients.Cerebral venous thrombosis is a cerebrovascular disease manifested by venous outflow disorders due to acute occlusion of the sinuses and veins of the brain. It requires immediate treatment in order to prevent the development of intracranial hemorrhage, venous infarction, disability and death. Cerebral venous thrombosis accounts for approximately 0.5% of all cases of cerebrovascular disease worldwide. In contrast to ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis is more common in younger patients. Currently, the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis is based on neuroimaging data, and timely treatment leads to a decrease in disability and mortality.

scholarly journals Treatment of Progressive Cerebral Sinuses Thrombosis with Local Thrombolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mohammadian ◽  
B. Sohrabi ◽  
R. Mansourizadeh ◽  
F. Mohammadian ◽  
A. Nazempour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Local Thrombolysis

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a potentially serious disease, with nonspecific clinical symptoms and an unpredictable outcome. Despite adequate anticoagulation, a patient's clinical condition can rapidly deteriorate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of local thrombolysis in these patients. Consecutive patients with progressive cerebral venous thrombosis between October 2008 and January 2011 were enrolled prospectively. Progressive CVT was defined as the persistence of neurologic findings (headache, blurred vision, and visual field defects) despite at least four days (or 48 hours in patients with involvement of more than one sinus) on full anticoagulation therapy with heparin and development of focal neurologic deficits or cortical hemorrhage. We excluded patients with large hematomas and predisposing malignancies like leukemia. All patients underwent local thrombolysis with 30 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). Overall, 26 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 35.5 years (range 18 to 56 years). Six patients (23%) were male and twenty patients (77%) were female. The most common presenting feature was headache and the most common neurologic finding was papilledema, which was present in all patients. Eighty-five percent of women had a history of oral contraceptive pill consumption. Successful recanalization was achieved in all patients except one (96.2%). Neurological examinations and follow-up assessments were based on a modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome and recovery was defined as a mRS score of 0–1. Follow-up assessments at the third week showed that 25 out of 26 recovered, with 18 having a mRS score of 0 and 7 with a mRS score of 1. There were no procedure-related neurological complications. Our results show that local thrombolysis is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients suffering from progressive CVT.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging can confirm chronic cerebral venous thrombosis: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110170
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Jingkun Sun ◽  
Zhiying Chen ◽  
Yuchuan Ding ◽  
Ran Meng
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Thrombus Imaging

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is easily missed or misdiagnosed in clinical settings because of its high variability in terms of symptoms and radiological findings. Herein, we aimed to explore a promising modality for confirming presumed CVT in the hope to uncover its superior diagnostic performance to conventional imaging modalities. Case presentation: The patient complained of intolerable pain in her forehead and left eye. Her lumbar puncture opening pressure was 140 mmH2O, and her cerebrospinal fluid composition was normal. No marked abnormalities were observed in routine brain images, including non-contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography. However, chronic mural thrombi in the lumen of the left cortical veins, transverse/sigmoid sinus, and superior sagittal sinus were identified in magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging (MRBTI) maps. Conclusions MRBTI can be used to directly and non-invasively visualize thrombi, and may thus be a promising tool over alternative routine techniques for confirming the diagnosis of CVT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis by computed tomography/MRI and magnetic resonance venography in pregnant and postpartum women: a prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Neelam Singh ◽  
Dinesh Udainiya ◽  
Sonal Kulshreshtha ◽  
Jyoti Bindal
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Hemorrhagic Infarction ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Diagnosis of Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is challenging as it is an uncommon cause of stroke with varied clinical presentations, predisposing factors, imaging findings, and outcomes. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is important for timely intervention in order to reverse and significantly reduce the acute and long-term sequel. Aims and objectives was to study cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnant and post-partum women.Methods: Hundred pregnant and postpartum women having CVT were studied at Kamla Raja Hospital and JA Group of Hospital at GR Medical College, Gwalior Madhya Pradesh for study period of 2016 to 2017. All the women had undergone CT/MRI and MRV.Results: Age of CVT patients ranged from 18-35 years with a maximum incidence (84%) in the 2nd decade (20-30 years). Sixty two percent women had infarction; out of that 53% had hemorrhagic infarction. Frontal lobe (10%) and temporal lobe (10%) were more affected. Superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was most commonly involved (71%) followed by transverse sinus (66%) and sigmoid sinus (45%). Superficial venous system was involved in 32 patients while deep venous system was involved in 20 patients. Majority of (82%) patients had combination of sinuses and venous involvement.Conclusions: CVT was more prevalent in young pregnant and postpartum women. Hemorrhagic infarction were common and affecting frontal and temporal lobe. SSS were mostly affected in CVT. MRV should be the first line diagnostic tool for diagnosis of CVT in pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals Cerebral venous thrombosis related to the use of combined oral contraceptives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Mendes Clemente Vilella ◽  
Letícia Luísa Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition (less than 1% of stroke). It occurs in the younger population (less than 50 years old), 3 times more common in women, especially those of reproductive age. Objectives and methodology: Narrative review to correlate CVT with the use of combined oral contraceptives (ACO). The following databases were used: Pubmed, Scielo and Medline. Results: A systematic review had 11 studies included showing that the use of OAC increases the chances of developing CVST (central venous sinus thrombosis). Among the 9 studies that reported odds ratios, the combined probability of developing CVST in women of reproductive age who use OAC was 7.59 times the probability of developing CVST compared to those who do not take oral contraceptives (OR = 7.59, 95 CI % 3.82-15.09). A retrospective study of 37 female adolescents was diagnosed with CVT, 22 (59%) of whom used OAC and the remaining 15 had other etiological factors. The data indicate that adolescents using OAC to treat hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction or polycystic ovary syndrome may also have some risk factors for thrombosis, such as hereditary coagulopathy. The coexistence of these diseases mentioned with the use of OCA can increase the risk of CVT. Conclusions: The two main studies analyzed concluded the association between the use of ACO and cases of CVT in women. It’s necessary to be attentive to suggestive signs and symptoms in this population, as they are common to other pathologies, making the diagnosis of CVT difficult.

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