A Survey on Emerging Security Issues, Challenges, and Solutions for Internet of Things (IoTs)

Iot Devices ◽

The internet of things is a cutting-edge technology that is vulnerable to all sorts of fictitious solutions. As a new phase of computing emerges in the digital world, it intends to produce a huge number of smart gadgets that can host a wide range of applications and operations. IoT gadgets are a perfect target for cyber assaults because of their wide dispersion, availability/accessibility, and top-notch computing power. Furthermore, as numerous IoT devices gather and investigate private data, they become a gold mine for hostile actors. Hence, the matter of fact is that security, particularly the potential to diagnose compromised nodes, as well as the collection and preservation of testimony of an attack or illegal activity, have become top priorities. This chapter delves into the timeline and the most challenging security and privacy issues that exist in the present scenario. In addition to this, some open issues and future research directions are also discussed.

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Architecture and Security Issues in Fog Computing Applications ◽

Security Issues in Fog Computing for Internet of Things

10.4018/978-1-7998-0194-8.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. N. Kartheek ◽

Bharath Bhushan

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Privacy Concerns ◽

Security Issues ◽

Privacy Measures ◽

Speed Up ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The inherent features of internet of things (IoT) devices, like limited computational power and storage, lead to a novel platform to efficiently process data. Fog computing came into picture to bridge the gap between IoT devices and data centres. The main purpose of fog computing is to speed up the computing processing. Cloud computing is not feasible for many IoT applications; therefore, fog computing is a perfect alternative. Fog computing is suitable for many IoT services as it has many extensive benefits such as reduced latency, decreased bandwidth, and enhanced security. However, the characteristics of fog raise new security and privacy issues. The existing security and privacy measures of cloud computing cannot be directly applied to fog computing. This chapter gives an overview of current security and privacy concerns, especially for the fog computing. This survey mainly focuses on ongoing research, security challenges, and trends in security and privacy issues for fog computing.

Biometrics for Internet-of-Things Security: A Review

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21186163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6163

Author(s):

Wencheng Yang ◽

Song Wang ◽

Nor Masri Sahri ◽

Nickson M. Karie ◽

Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Future Research ◽

Iot Security ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Wide Range ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Art Research

The large number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that need interaction between smart devices and consumers makes security critical to an IoT environment. Biometrics offers an interesting window of opportunity to improve the usability and security of IoT and can play a significant role in securing a wide range of emerging IoT devices to address security challenges. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey on the current biometrics research in IoT security, especially focusing on two important aspects, authentication and encryption. Regarding authentication, contemporary biometric-based authentication systems for IoT are discussed and classified based on different biometric traits and the number of biometric traits employed in the system. As for encryption, biometric-cryptographic systems, which integrate biometrics with cryptography and take advantage of both to provide enhanced security for IoT, are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Moreover, challenges arising from applying biometrics to IoT and potential solutions are identified and analyzed. With an insight into the state-of-the-art research in biometrics for IoT security, this review paper helps advance the study in the field and assists researchers in gaining a good understanding of forward-looking issues and future research directions.

Centralized, Distributed, and Everything in between

ACM Computing Surveys ◽

10.1145/3465170 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Sophie Dramé-Maigné ◽

Maryline Laurent ◽

Laurent Castillo ◽

Hervé Ganem

Keyword(s):

Access Control ◽

Future Research ◽

The Internet ◽

Research Directions ◽

Security Issues ◽

Security Properties ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Security Of Iot

The Internet of Things is taking hold in our everyday life. Regrettably, the security of IoT devices is often being overlooked. Among the vast array of security issues plaguing the emerging IoT, we decide to focus on access control, as privacy, trust, and other security properties cannot be achieved without controlled access. This article classifies IoT access control solutions from the literature according to their architecture (e.g., centralized, hierarchical, federated, distributed) and examines the suitability of each one for access control purposes. Our analysis concludes that important properties such as auditability and revocation are missing from many proposals while hierarchical and federated architectures are neglected by the community. Finally, we provide an architecture-based taxonomy and future research directions: a focus on hybrid architectures, usability, flexibility, privacy, and revocation schemes in serverless authorization.

Managing Resources for Futuristic Wireless Networks - Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication ◽

Analysis of Vulnerabilities in IoT and Its Solutions

10.4018/978-1-5225-9493-2.ch007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 157-177

Author(s):

Puspanjali Mallik

Keyword(s):

Security And Privacy ◽

Heterogeneous Structure ◽

Privacy Concern ◽

Security Vulnerabilities ◽

Smart Vehicles ◽

Security Issues ◽

Smart Healthcare ◽

Wide Range ◽

Main Motive ◽

Iot Devices

The internet of things (IoT) fulfils abundant demands of present society by facilitating the services of cutting-edge technology in terms of smart home, smart healthcare, smart city, smart vehicles, and many more, which enables present day objects in our environment to have network communication and the capability to exchange data. These wide range of applications are collected, computed, and provided by thousands of IoT elements placed in open spaces. The highly interconnected heterogeneous structure faces new types of challenges from a security and privacy concern. Previously, security platforms were not so capable of handling these complex platforms due to different communication stacks and protocols. It seems to be of the utmost importance to keep concern about security issues relating to several attacks and vulnerabilities. The main motive of this chapter is to analyze the broad overview of security vulnerabilities and its counteractions. Generally, it discusses the major security techniques and protocols adopted by the IoT and analyzes the attacks against IoT devices.

A Survey of Authentication Schemes in the Internet of Things

International Journal of Smart Security Technologies ◽

10.4018/ijsst.2019010102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasmine Labiod ◽

Abdelaziz Amara Korba ◽

Nacira Ghoualmi-Zine

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

The Internet ◽

Privacy And Security ◽

Depth Study ◽

Authentication Schemes ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Privacy Issues ◽

The Internet Of Things

In the recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely deployed in different daily life aspects such as home automation, electronic health, the electric grid, etc. Nevertheless, the IoT paradigm raises major security and privacy issues. To secure the IoT devices, many research works have been conducted to counter those issues and discover a better way to remove those risks, or at least reduce their effects on the user's privacy and security requirements. This article mainly focuses on a critical review of the recent authentication techniques for IoT devices. First, this research presents a taxonomy of the current cryptography-based authentication schemes for IoT. In addition, this is followed by a discussion of the limitations, advantages, objectives, and attacks supported of current cryptography-based authentication schemes. Finally, the authors make in-depth study on the most relevant authentication schemes for IoT in the context of users, devices, and architecture that are needed to secure IoT environments and that are needed for improving IoT security and items to be addressed in the future.

A Hypergraph-Based Blockchain Model and Application in Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Homes

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18092784 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 2784 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Chao Qu ◽

Ming Tao ◽

Ruifen Yuan

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Data Storage ◽

Smart Homes ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Security Issues ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Security Problem ◽

Fast Development ◽

With the fast development and expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), billions of smart devices are being continuously connected, and smart homes, as a typical IoT application, are providing people with various convenient applications, but face security and privacy issues. The idea of Blockchain (BC) theory has brought about a potential solution to the IoT security problem. The emergence of blockchain technology has brought about a change of decentralized management, providing an effective solution for the protection of network security and privacy. On the other hand, the smart devices in IoT are always lightweight and have less energy and memory. This makes the application of blockchain difficult. Against this background, this paper proposes a blockchain model based on hypergraphs. The aims of this model are to reduce the storage consumption and to solve the additional security issues. In the model, we use the hyperedge as the organization of storage nodes and convert the entire networked data storage into part network storage. We discuss the design of the model and security strategy in detail, introducing some use cases in a smart home network and evaluating the storage performance of the model through simulation experiments and an evaluation of the network.

Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Networks

10.20944/preprints202008.0523.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Fatini Azhar ◽

Qi Jie Ngoo ◽

Tae Hyun Kim ◽

Kohei Dozono ◽

Fatima tuz Zahra

Keyword(s):

Wireless Networks ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Ddos Attacks ◽

Vehicle To Grid ◽

Network Location ◽

Security Issues ◽

Privacy Laws ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Communication between devices has transitioned from wired to unwired. Wireless networks have been in use widely around the globe since the advent of smartphones, IoT devices and other technologies that are compatible with wireless mode of communication. At the same time security issues have also increased in such communication methods. The aim of this paper is to propose security and privacy issues of the wireless networks and present them through comprehensive surveys. In context of security issues, there are 2 typical DDoS attacks - HTTP flood and SYN flood. Other than DDoS attacks, there are several other threats to wireless networks. One of the most prevalent include security issues in Internet of Things. In terms of privacy issues in a wireless network, location-based applications, individual data, cellular network and V2G (Vehicle to Grid) network are surveyed. The survey is hosted using questionnaire and responses of 70 participants is recorded. It is observed from the survey results that many groups of people lack the knowledge of security and privacy of wireless technologies and networks despite their increased use, however, students are relatively more aware and have strong knowledge of those issues. It is concluded from the results that an effective solution to these problems can be hosting campaigns for spreading the security and privacy laws to help the groups of people who are lagging behind in this domain of knowledge become more aware. A unique solution is also presented to overcome the security issues which include implementation of detection and mitigation techniques, implementing Blockchain in the IoT devices and implementing fog computing solutions. The unique solutions to overcome the privacy issues are proposed in the form of a privacy approach from the LBS server between pairs of users to increase the implementation of DSPM and blockchain as a solution.

Application of Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Bibliometric Analysis

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/5547530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Ruijun Duan ◽

Li Guo

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Business Models ◽

Citation Index ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Future Research ◽

Privacy And Security ◽

Bibliometric Method ◽

Research Directions ◽

Security Issues ◽

Future Research Directions

As a disruptive emerging technology, the Internet of things (IoT) has rapidly developed, but its privacy risks and security vulnerabilities are still key challenges. The decentralized and distributed architecture of blockchain has the potential to satisfy IoT privacy and security requirements. This gives birth to the new domain of blockchain for IoT (BIoT). BIoT will cause significant transformations across several industries, paving the way for new business models. Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases in Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, this study aims to explore the research trends and cooperation in the field of BIoT using the bibliometric method. The results indicate that the publications in this field have increased significantly from 2016 to 2020, with China and the USA being the most productive and influential countries. Keyword co-occurrence analysis shows that the most important research topics are as follows: security issues, core technologies, application dimensions, and transaction processes. Text mining analysis indicates that future research directions for BloT will focus more on both computing paradigms and key applications. This study will provide researchers with a greater understanding on the state of the art of BIoT and will serve as a reference for researchers engaging in this field to identify their own future research directions.

Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing ◽

Fog Computing Qos Review and Open Challenges

10.4018/978-1-7998-5339-8.ch054 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1147-1157

Author(s):

R. Babu ◽

K. Jayashree ◽

R. Abirami

Keyword(s):

Programming Model ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Big Data Analytics ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Computation Offloading ◽

Future Research ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Research Challenge

Internet of Things (IoT) enables inters connectivity among devices and platforms. IoT devices such as sensors, or embedded systems offer computational, storage, and networking resources and the existence of these resources permits to move the execution of IoT applications to the edge of the network and it is known as fog computing. It is able to handle billions of Internet-connected devices and is well situated for real-time big data analytics and provides advantages in advertising and personal computing. The main issues in fog computing includes fog networking, QoS, interfacing and programming model, computation offloading, accounting, billing and monitoring, provisioning and resource management, security and privacy. A particular research challenge is the Quality of Service metric for fog services. Thus, this paper gives a survey of cloud computing, discusses the QoS metrics, and the future research directions in fog computing.

Recent Technologies, Security Countermeasure and Ongoing Challenges of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): A Survey

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21196647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 6647

Author(s):

Soo Fun Tan ◽

Azman Samsudin

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Security Architecture ◽

Industrial Internet Of Things ◽

Security Issues ◽

Industrial Internet ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

The inherent complexities of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architecture make its security and privacy issues becoming critically challenging. Numerous surveys have been published to review IoT security issues and challenges. The studies gave a general overview of IIoT security threats or a detailed analysis that explicitly focuses on specific technologies. However, recent studies fail to analyze the gap between security requirements of these technologies and their deployed countermeasure in the industry recently. Whether recent industry countermeasure is still adequate to address the security challenges of IIoT environment are questionable. This article presents a comprehensive survey of IIoT security and provides insight into today’s industry countermeasure, current research proposals and ongoing challenges. We classify IIoT technologies into the four-layer security architecture, examine the deployed countermeasure based on CIA+ security requirements, report the deficiencies of today’s countermeasure, and highlight the remaining open issues and challenges. As no single solution can fix the entire IIoT ecosystem, IIoT security architecture with a higher abstraction level using the bottom-up approach is needed. Moving towards a data-centric approach that assures data protection whenever and wherever it goes could potentially solve the challenges of industry deployment.