Human Behaviour in Organizations

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ebtihaj Ahmed Al-Aali
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Behaviour Models ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Contingency Approach

It is crucial to grasp individual behaviour in organizations. This can shed light on evaluation of organizational outcomes. The evaluation can assist in deciding changes required. This chapter investigates organizational behaviour models. The investigation aims to develop a better comprehension of human behaviour. The chapter examines the most reviewed organizational behaviour models. These models are the human relation, the system perspective, productivity perspective, the human resource approach, the contingency approach, and finally, the situation approach. These models are argued to be elementalistic. The elementalism leads to perceive humans and their behaviour in a partial manner. The Aristotelian structure of language underpinning Indo-European languages upholds such elementalism. The structure is built on three laws. These are “is” of identity, two value orientation, and excluding middle stance. The chapter presents some principles of Islam to transform organizational behaviour models. The model enriched by Islam is argued to be in flux.

A Driver's Mind

2019 ◽  
pp. 429-454
Author(s):  
Marco Lützenberger
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Behaviour Models ◽  
Traffic Simulations

Over the last decade, traffic simulation frameworks have advanced into an indispensible tool for traffic planning and infrastructure management. For these simulations, sophisticated models are used to “mimic” traffic systems in a lifelike fashion. In most cases, these models focus on a rather technical scope. Human factors, such as drivers' behaviours are either neglected or “estimated” without any proven connection to reality. This chapter presents an analysis of psychological driver models in order to establish such a connection. In order to do so, human driver behaviour is introduced from a psychological point of view, and state-of-the-art conceptualisations are analysed to identify factors that determine human traffic behaviour. These factors are explained in more detail, and their appliances in human behaviour models for traffic simulations are discussed. This chapter does not provide a comprehensive mapping from simulation requirements to particular characteristics of human driver behaviour but clarifies the assembly of human traffic behaviour, identifies relevant factors of influence, and thus, serves as a guideline for the development of human behaviour models for traffic simulations.

scholarly journals Behaviour Modification: An Efficacious Tool of Shaping Individual Behaviour Productive and Supportive to Organizational Goal Attainment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Bahadur Bharijoo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Organizational Goal ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Shed Light

This article intends to shed light on the basic concept of Behaviour Modification which is drawing attention increasingly of managers and practioners in shaping behavior of people with whom they are dealing constantly in the organization. Researches and studies revealed that Behaviour Modification can be an efficacious tool in modeling individual behaviours if it is appropriately used with caution. As such, it is also attempted to present here the basic steps and guidelines for its application. In addition to these, the article attempts to point out experiences and limitations of application of Behavioural Modification as explained by its researchers.Key words: Behaviour, modification, individual, organization, goal attainment.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 50-61

scholarly journals Employee and Organizational Impacts of Flexitime Work Arrangements

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Eldridge ◽  
Tahir M. Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Working Day

There is evidence of heavy job demands and low control resulting in multiple negative consequences for employees and their families. Understandably, there is then a desire to move away from such practices and adopt more flexible organizational systems. In such environments, employees may be more in control of their workloads, and manage a better balance between life and work. Flexitime provides increased opportunity to fit other commitments and activities in with work, and make better use of their free time. As employees can choose their own start and finish times for the working day, they can take a little extra time off in a week. It is argued that creating such opportunities improve motivation and raises morale. This also allows for lower stress in the work place and greater enjoyment in the home. Consequently, employees experience increased performance in the work place and greater repertoire for marketing to new employers. Using WERS (The British Workplace Employee Relations Survey), the present study examines the nature of such relationships, and specifi cally explores the usage of flexitime and employee and organizational outcomes. WERS provides a useful set of information about work environment, job characteristics, and occupation, permitting researchers to conduct a more detailed analysis of individual employee behaviour. We develop our hypotheses based on the organizational behaviour literature that is concerned with exploring the nature of individual and organizational responses in challenging and stressful environments. Our results show a negative relationship between flexitime and job security. There is also no evidence of establishments with flexitime work arrangements having less stressed employees. Flexitime may however lead to increased employee participation in decision making as measured by employee discretion and team work. Our fi ndings thus stress the need to be cautious about how we build the case for the adoption of flexitime.

scholarly journals Organisational plasticity: can we really model human–agent behaviours?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Richards
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Change ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Behaviour Models

PurposeThe ability for an organisation to adapt and respond to external pressures is a beneficial activity towards optimising efficiency and increasing the likelihood of achieving set goals. It can also be suggested that this very ability to adapt to one's surroundings is one of the key factors of resilience. The nature of dynamically responding to sudden change and then to return to a state that is efficient may be termed as possessing the characteristic of plasticity. Uses of agent-based systems in assisting in organisational processes may have a hand in facilitating an organisations' plasticity, and computational modelling has often been used to try and predict both agent and human behaviour. Such models also promise the ability to examine the dynamics of organisational plasticity through the direct manipulation of key factors. This paper discusses the use of such models in application to organisational plasticity and in particular the relevance to human behaviour and perception of agent-based modelling. The uses of analogies for explaining organisational plasticity is also discussed, with particular discussion around the use of modelling. When the authors consider the means by which the authors can adopt theories to explain this type of behaviour, models tend to focus on aspects of predictability. This in turn loses a degree of realism when we consider the complex nature of human behaviour, and more so that of human–agent behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology and approach used for this paper is reflected in the review of the literature and research.FindingsThe use of human–agent behaviour models in organisational plasticity is discussed in this paper.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is based on the importance of considering the human–agent-based models. When compared to agent-based model approaches, analogy is used as a narrative in this paper.

Lige, a Danish ‘magic word’?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Levisen ◽  
Sophia Waters
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
International Research ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
European Languages ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Discourse Particle ◽  
Shed Light

The Danish word lige [ˈliːə] is a highly culture-specific discourse particle. English translations sometimes render it as “please,” but this kind of functional translation is motivated solely by the expectation that, in English, one has to ‘say please’. In the Danish universe of meaning, there is in fact no direct equivalent of anything like English please, German bitte, or similar constructs in other European languages. Consequently, Danish speakers cannot ‘say please’, and Danish children cannot ‘say the magic word’. However, lige is in its own way a magic word, performing a different kind of pragmatic magic that has almost been left unstudied because it does not correlate well with any of the major Anglo-international research questions such as “how to express politeness” or “how to make a request.” This paper analyzes the semantics of lige in order to shed light on the peculiarities of Danish ethnopragmatics. It is demonstrated not only that Danish lige does a different semantic job than English please, but also that please-based and lige-based interactions are bound to different interpretations of social life and interpersonal relations, and reflect differing cultural values.

scholarly journals Wyzwanie etnometodologii i nauka o normach

Etyka ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Jacek Kurczewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Concrete Situation ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Traditional Sociology

By levelling its criticism it traditional sociology ethnomethodology focuses directly or indirectly on the role of norms in description and explanation of human behaviour. Although sociologists respond to this criticism the way in which they accommodate it is rather superficial. That is why this article is written in the form of a dialogue. One protagonist quotes selected tenets of ethnomethodology, phrasing them as he would be apt to in the programmatic phase of the development of that discipline, while the other offers corrections and undertakes to analyse and evaluate the views that he hears. In the course of their discussion it becomes clear that, according to ethnomethodology, norms out of context have no bearing on behaviour which is always occasioned by particular circumstances hic et nunc. Yet, it would not be true to say that remembrance of norms never affects decisions responsible for individual behaviour, any more than it would be to say that ethnomethodology can dispense with objective language as allegedly incompatible with the very nature of social life. Additionally, the dichotomy ‘indexical versus objective language’ distorts the continuum of the contextuality of expressions beyond recognition. Thus we are left with the old problem, familiar to both practitioners and theorists of normative disciplines, the problem of interpretation, its ramifications are neglected by ethnometodologists. Application of a concrete norm to a concrete situation presupposes an interpretation of the situation, and in this sense, it is true that knowledge of norms is not sufficient for a description of the behaviour by a man who follows them. But a norm can play a role in the interpretation of a situation too. Besides, in their attempt to get rid of surface norms, ethnomethodologists create latent or interpretative norms whose ontological status is rather doubtful. Though they are reconstructed they need not be Identified with deep-structure norms which in fact have influence on human behaviour. In case when the two might conflict the ethnometodologists would be hard put to know what to say. But without precluding any answer to this query, it must be stressed that the interpretative procedures, as they have been reconstructed from ethnomethodological analyses, are vague and underdeveloped which is probably due to this vagueness of criteria with which ethnomethodology defines the object of its interests.

scholarly journals Comparison of Organizational Climate in the Regional Unit of the National Institute of Public Health Before and After Reorganization

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gašper Jordan ◽  
Gozdana Miglič ◽  
Miha Marič
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Regional Unit ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Organizations have been focused on organizational climate (OC) as one of the influencing factors, which has an impact on organizational outcomes, attaining organizational goals and employee satisfaction. Our research focuses on the regional unit of the National Institute of Public Health in Slovenia and the comparison of the OC before (2013) and after reorganization (2015). We used a modified SiOK (Slovenian Organizational climate) questionnaire to shed light on employees’ perception of OC. OC and reorganization are closely connected on account of the relationship between management and employees; if OC is positive, we can expect less complicated process of reorganization as it can be if it is negative. The research revealed misfired attempt of OC improvement in all dimensions, though we expected ameliorated results in the three worst assessed OC dimensions before reorganization. Further, in the paper several recommendations are suggested to managers facing reorganization.

scholarly journals A Review of Literature on Human Behaviour and Artificial Intelligence: Contributions Towards Knowledge Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. pp165-179
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Real de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
R Programming ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

The main purpose of this research paper is to understand how artificial intelligence and machine learning applied to human behaviour has been treated, both theoretically and empirically, over the last twenty years, regarding predictive analytics and human organizational behaviour analysis. To achieve this goal, the authors performed a systematic literature review, as proposed by Tranfield, Denyer and Smart (2003), on selected databases and followed the PRISMA framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The method is particularly suited for assessing emerging trends within multiple disciplines and therefore deemed the most suitable method for the purposes of this paper, which intends to survey and select papers according to their contribute towards theory building. By mapping what is known, this review will lay the groundwork, providing a timely insight into the current state of research on human organisational behaviour and its applications. A total of 17795 papers resulted from the application of the search equations. The papers’ abstracts were screened according to the inclusion / exclusion criterions which resulted in 199 papers for analysis. The authors have analysed the papers through VOSviewer software and R programming statistical computing software. This review showed that 60% of the research undertaken in the field has been done in the last three and a half years and there is no prominent author or academic journal, showing the emergence and the novelty of this research. The other key finds of the research relate to the evolution of the concept, from data-driven (hard) towards emotions-driven (soft) organisations.

The wolf — an evil and ever-hungry beast or a nasty thief?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Idström ◽  
Elisabeth Piirainen
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to shed light on the impact of an extended social context on the motivation for the figurative content of conventional metaphors. The article therefore compares conventional linguistic metaphors found in Inari Saami with conventional linguistic metaphors that are widespread among European languages, in order to reveal differences and similarities between what is deeply local and shared only by a restricted speech community, i.e. an indigenous culture without a literary tradition, and what is unquestionably spread across a large number of languages. The comparison first presents three animal concepts prominent in both Inari Saami and widespread idioms, wolf, hare and raven, followed by an investigation of animal concepts found only in one of these two data sets: reindeer in Inari Saami and crocodile, ostrich and lynx among the widespread idioms. It is demonstrated that Inari Saami metaphors typically draw their motivation from the concrete life-experience of the people, while the widespread idioms are to a large extent based on literary traditions. In both contexts we find metaphors drawn from or supported by folklore: fairy tales, mythology and superstition. Comparing these two data sets offers great possibilities to the study of metaphors: how we understand metaphors, and how they come into being, and what is the nature of vehicle development over extended time and space.

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