Bending Tests and Simulations of GLT Beams

2014 ◽  
Vol 611 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Lenka Melzerová ◽  
Michal Šejnoha ◽  
Pavel Klapálek
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The One ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Timber Beams

The paper reports on two specific research activities devoted on the one hand to detailed finite element simulations of glued timber beams with emphases on random nature of the modulus of elasticity and, on the other hand, to destructive testing of a set four glued timber beams having structural dimensions. While the stochastic simulations were founded on the knowledge of probability density distributions of the modulus of elasticity acquired from non-destructive testing of local moduli from 3600 regularly spaced indentation measurements, the destructive testing of beams in four-point bending aimed at providing information to be used a-posteriori in improving the original predictions in the framework of Bayesian statistics. In this regard the non-destructive testing together with stochastic simulations of beam deflections is assumed to provide prior information to be updated in the second Bayesian step. This, however, will be discussed elsewhere so that only necessary prerequisites are mentioned here.

Non-Destructive Testing of Glued Laminated Timber Beams with Use of Pilodyn 6J – Method of Spike

2016 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavel Klapálek ◽  
Lenka Melzerová
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Timber Beams ◽  
The Way

This article is focused on GLULAM (glued laminated timber) beams and determination of their properties by using non-destructive method. This text is mainly focused just on part of more complex research of glued laminated timber beams. This text is focused on non-destructive method, which is the method of spike that uses device called Pilodyn 6J for measurement. Results of this method are in form of Young ́s modulus of elasticity. This article will describe how the method of spike works, with basic description, describes the tested material and compare the results of testing. In the conclusion we discuss the results, make conclusions and describe the way of our further research of glued laminated timber beams.

Non-Destructive Testing for Concrete: Dynamic Modulus and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Khan Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Non Destructive

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a technique to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure. The commonly NDT methods used for the concrete are dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete is related to the structural stiffness and deformation process of concrete structures, and is highly sensitive to the cracking. The velocity of ultrasonic pulses travelling in a solid material depends on the density and elastic properties of that material. Non-destructive testing namely, dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity was measured for high strength concrete incorporating cementitious composites. Results of dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity are reported and their relationships with compressive strength are presented. It has been found that NDT is reasonably good and reliable tool to measure the property of concrete which also gives the fair indication of the compressive strength development.

Three Non-Destructive Methods for the Modulus of Elasticity of the Trachea

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hermawan ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
M. Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Thin Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Three non-destructive testing techniques are developed and investigated to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the trachea and the results are compared with the standard uniaxial state of stress method. These techniques are based on: (1) simulating the trachea as a pressurized vessel and deducing a special relationship between the pressure and the radial strain; (2) using two hydrophones and determining the variation in acoustic transmittance caused by the presence of the trachea in a propagation path within a water-bath; (3) considering the trachea as a thin cylindrical shell and determining the resonance radial vibration response. Discussion is presented to identify the “pros” and “cons” of each technique and final practical recommendations are made.

Grading of structural timber of Populus × euramericana clone I-214

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Casado ◽  
Luis Acuña ◽  
Luis-Alfonso Basterra ◽  
Gemma Ramón-Cueto ◽  
Daniel Vecilla
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Visual Grading ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Grading tests were performed on 338 poplar wood samples (Populus × euramericana I-214) with dimensions of 150×50 mm2, 150×80 mm2, and 200×100 mm2 prepared for structural utilization. The non-destructive testing methods included ultrasound (Sylvatest) and induced vibrations (Portable Lumber Grader) combined with visual grading criteria. Additionally, screw withdrawal resistance was tested by the instrument Fakopp. These results were compared with those obtained by a four-point bending test according to the EN 408 (2004) standard. Ultrasound and induced vibrations overestimated the quality of this type of wood. Correlation equations are proposed to determine the true characteristics for each testing method. It can be concluded that poplar timber from clone I-214 has acceptable flexural strength, but a comparatively low elastic modulus, whereby it is not graded within a high strength class according to the EN 338 (2009) standard.

Variation of the Modulus of Elasticity and Anisotropic Factor over the Thickness of the Bamboo Wall

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
M.A. Smits ◽  
V.D. Pizzol ◽  
P.V. Krüger ◽  
M.A.P. Rezende ◽  
R.C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Anisotropic Factor ◽  
Anova Table ◽  
Inner Region ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Shell Region

The objective of this study is to experimentally determine the physical and elastic properties of bamboo and set the anisotropic factor along the wall thickness of the bamboo. The physical properties were determined following the requirements of the Brazilian standard. The elastic modulus was determined by non-destructive testing using the impulse excitation method. The density in the shell region is 40% larger than the inner portion. The density variation in the wall thickness of the bamboo is not linear, having a more pronounced nonlinearity in the shell region. The results of the ANOVA table indicate that shrinkage factors in bamboo wall thickness can be considered statistically the same, i.e., they do not vary with the wall thickness of the bamboo. The anisotropic factor in the intermediate and inner region can be considered statistically equal, 1.8. As for the factor measured in the region close to the bark, 2.03, it cannot be considered equal to the other regions. There is a variation of the modulus of elasticity, between the interior and the bamboo bark, of 279%.

scholarly journals Relationship of Different Properties from Non-Destructive Testing of Heavy Concrete from Magnetite and Serpentinite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4288
Author(s):  
Petr Lehner ◽  
Jacek Gołaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Non Destructive

Radiation-shielding concrete has been analyzed by several methods of destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT). Concretes made of crushed basalt, magnetite, serpentinite, and two different types of cement (Portland cement CEM I and slag cement CEM III/A) were studied. In this study, we analyzed concrete columns with a height of 1200 mm and a cross-section of 200 × 200 mm2. The top and bottom of the column were analyzed using data from compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, water penetration, and diffusion coefficients derived from the electrical resistivity test. This article presents the properties of fresh concrete and concrete after two years of setting. It was determined how the different ratios of basalt, magnetite, and serpentinite affect the individual measured parameters. Furthermore, correlation relations between individual resulting values were analyzed. It was observed that compressive strength generally does not correlate with other results. The diffusion coefficient correlated well with density and water penetration. Little or no correlation was observed in the diffusion coefficient with compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The results of the study make it possible to refine the testing of heavy concretes in terms of electrical resistivity, and point to the possible use of NDT methods. The results also show which composition of heavy concrete is better in terms of effective diffusivity.

scholarly journals Alternative methodology for calculating the modulus of elasticity of wooden beams of structural dimensions

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. Christoforo ◽  
Tulio H. Panzera ◽  
Carlito Calil Neto Junior ◽  
Mauro A. Demarzo ◽  
Sérgio L. M. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Non Destructive

This study aims to present an alternative calculation methodology based on the Least Squares Method for determining the modulus of elasticity in bending wooden beams of structural dimensions. The equations developed require knowledge of three or five points measured in displacements along the piece, allowing greater reliability on the response variable, using the statistical bending test at three points and non-destructively, resulting from imposition of measures from small displacements L/300 and L/200, the largest being stipulated by the Brazilian norm NBR 7190:1997. The woods tested were Angico, Cumaru, Garapa and Jatoba. Besides obtaining the modulus of elasticity through the alternative methodology proposed, these were also obtained employing the Brazilian norm NBR 7190:1997, adapted to the condition of non-destructive testing (small displacements) and for pieces of structural dimensions. The results of the modulus of elasticity of the four species of wood according to both calculation approaches used proved to be equivalent, implying the good approximation provided by the methodology of calculation adapted from the Brazilian norm.

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