The Relationship between Economics Growth and Energy Consumption in China-A Empirical Analysis Based on Energy Kuznets Curve

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2457-2461
Author(s):  
Chang Sheng Li ◽  
Qing Ling Li ◽  
Zhong Min Lei ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Hui Qing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relative High Level

These paper investigated the relationship between economics development and energy demands based on Energy Kuznets Curve (EFC) in China. The results show that, the prospects of economics and energy demand in China in further will undergo three important stages to 2050.The peak of energy demand maybe around 2035 and the corresponding total energy demand maybe amount 5.7 billion tce. In 2035, the GDP per capital maybe about 17000 (2005 US$) and the urbanization will reach a relative high level. It is urgent for China to take actions to curb the increasing total energy consumption.

scholarly journals Use of mechanical resonance in impact machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 17006
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Fiebig ◽  
Jakub Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Mechanical Resonance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
At Resonance ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Drive Systems

An innovative method exploiting mechanical resonance in machines drive systems, especially useful in impact machines, has been developed. Accumulation of energy at resonance can be applied to the drive system in a similar way as flywheels in eccentric presses. Under resonance conditions, the total energy consumption of the oscillating mass is equal to the energy lost due the damping forces. Energy accumulated in the oscillator can be several times greater than the energy supplied continuously to the oscillator. The developed method can be used in many applications, especially in impacting machines. Finally, the energy demand of resonance punching press will be compared with the energy demand of eccentric press.

scholarly journals Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Krystian Hennek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Passenger Car

The analysis of energy consumption in a hybrid drive system of a passenger car in real road conditions is an important factor determining its operational indicators. The article presents energy consumption analysis of a car equipped with an advanced Plug-in Hybrid Drive System (PHEV), driving in real road conditions on a test section of about 51 km covered in various environmental conditions and seasons. Particular attention was paid to the energy consumption resulting from the cooperation of two independent drive units, analyzed in terms of the total energy expenditure. The energy consumption obtained from fuel and energy collected from the car’s batteries for each run over the total distance of 12,500 km was summarized. The instantaneous values of energy consumption for the hybrid drive per kilometer of distance traveled in car’s real operating conditions range from 0.6 to 1.4 MJ/km, with lower values relating to the vehicle operation only with electric drive. The upper range applies to the internal combustion engine, which increases not only the energy expenditure in the TTW (Tank-to-Wheel) system, but also CO2 emissions to the environment. Based on the experimental data, the curves of total energy consumption per kilometer of the road section traveled were determined, showing a close correlation with the actual operating conditions. Obtained values were compared with homologation data from the WLTP test of the tested passenger car, where the average value of energy demand is 1.1 MJ/km and the CO2 emission is 23 g/km.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-17
Author(s):  
Gazal Dandia ◽  
◽  
Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽  
Chaitali Basu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

The Photovoltaic Challenge

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim C. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Energy Technologies

The term “solar energy” refers to a wide variety of techniques for using the energy available as sunlight. Well-known examples are active and passive thermal solar energy and photovoltaic solar energy but, strictly speaking, hydropower, wind energy, and biomass are also forms of solar energy. Today, only hydropower is used in significant quantities, covering approximately 6% of the world's energy demand. Traditional use of biomass, mainly in developing countries, accounts for more than 10% of the total energy consumption, but is sometimes left out of statistics because it falls outside the category of organized and commercial use.The global potential for solar energy is huge, since the amount of energy that reaches the earth's surface every year exceeds the total energy consumption by roughly a factor of 10,000. There are, however, various barriers to the large-scale use of solar energy technologies. Most technologies have in common that the power density of the generator is low; in other words, one needs large areas to generate significant amounts of energy. This is especially true for biomass, with typical conversion efficiencies (solar energy to chemical energy) of 1% or less. Further, many solar energy technologies have proved technically feasible, but have yet to be proved economically feasible. Last, but not least, the large-scale use of solar energy requires substantial modification of our global energy supply system, which is based largely on fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and GGP in the OECD Countries: A Causality Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondiu T. Jaiyesimi ◽  
Tokunbo S. Osinubi ◽  
Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Abstract This study investigated the nature or direction of causality between GDP, electricity consumption and total energy consumption in the OECD. Secondary data was used while both the ordinary least square (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were employed to test for causality in our model. Our result found the presence of a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and GDP for the total energy demand model and between electricity consumption and GDP for the electricity demand model. By implication, the bi-directional causality in our estimated models suggest that both energy consumption and GDP are important factors in economic development in the OECD. Thus, if misguided policy measures are made to reduce energy consumption it could have a detrimental effect on GDP which will slow down economic growth. A recommendation is for policy makers to concentrate on encouraging energy efficiency as a way to reduce energy and electricity consumption.

scholarly journals Energy saving and reduction of emissions in heating residential buildings in Poland – potential and selected activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00044
Author(s):  
Piotr Lis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions

The communal and living sector, to the extent that it is the sub-sector of buildings with a majority share of residential buildings, on average, account for approximately 41% of total energy consumption in the European Union. Due to a large share in the total energy consumption, the buildings sector has a significant potential to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings and thus significantly reduce emission of air pollutants. One way is through thermal modernization. The article presents the expected energy and environmental effects of measures which adjust the existing residential buildings to the requirements in force in Poland since 2021. It has been assumed that the energy demand for heating buildings will be limited to the level of 55 kWh/(m2year) for multi-family residential buildings and 60 kWh/(m2year) for single-family residential buildings. The calculations show that it is possible to reduce energy consumption for heating of residential buildings by over 70%, which will result in a reduction of the total air pollutant emissions from housing heating, in relation to the situation in 2011. The article indicates existing reserves in thermal modernization activities and related problems based on the analysis of selected parameters of residential buildings.

scholarly journals Energy Scenarios of Household Sector In Panauti Municipality For Sustainable Development and Energy Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Pramila Dhaubanjar ◽  
Amrit Man Nakarmi ◽  
Sushil B. Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
End Use

This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of residential sector in Panauti Municipality for sustainable energy development and energy security. This study was done by conducting a questionnaire survey, and was supported by secondary data from various sources. Data analysis was carried out with the help of excel and LEAP software. From the results, total energy consumption of Panauti Municipality is 147 TJ in year 2016 with per capita is 4.72GJ and per capita emission 82kg. The main fuel for consumption in residential sector is firewood with share 44% then followed by LPG with 26% of total energy. Cooking is the most energy intensive end-use, accounting 60% of total energy consumption, followed by animal feed preparation 28%. It was seen that total electrification in all end-use can reduce energy demand by 57% and 35% respectively in AEL and SUD scenario and saved fuel import cost about NRs.235 million. in year 2050. Using nationally available electricity ensures energy security and has co-benefit of emission reduction.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve: Empirical Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Upper-Middle-Income Regions of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiang Li ◽  
Jianru Shi ◽  
Qiaosheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Middle Income

This paper examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in upper-middle-income regions of China with the panel data of 21 provinces from 2000 to 2017. The influence mechanism of socio-economic factors on the EKC of these regions is also detected. The results show that the energy consumption EKC fitting map in these regions conforms to the classical environmental Kuznets curve, which is an inverted “N” type, and the inflection point is ahead and more accurate after adding spatial effects. The direct effect of energy consumption has delayed the inflection point, indicating that the level of industrialization, urbanization, and population density have a significant impact on EKC. At the same time, it is found that the level of industrialization and population density have a positive relationship with energy consumption, while the level of urbanization has a negative correlation with energy consumption. The spatial spillover effect of the indirect effects of total energy consumption, coal consumption, and crude oil consumption shows that the level of industrialization has a significant and negative link with EKC. The increase in the level of industrialization will affect the total energy consumption of neighboring areas and the consumption of coal and crude oil.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Structure of Energy Consumption in Educational Buildings in Poland After Thermal Retrofitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Anna Życzyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Suchorab ◽  
Grzegorz Dyś ◽  
Jakub Čurpek ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Educational Buildings

AbstractThe paper presents the structure and indices of the annual energy consumption in educational buildings subject to comprehensive thermal retrofitting. Seven buildings were analyzed; the energy consumption for heating and ventilation, hot water preparation, and built-in lighting was analyzed in each of them and, in the case of one structure, also cooling. The indices of the usable, final, and primary energy consumption were analyzed. The values calculated were compared to the requirements of the energy standards in force in Poland. The percentage shares of the above-mentioned energy demands of each of the buildings investigated are given in the total energy performance. Within the investigation, we evaluated the shares of the particular building services in the total energy consumption and determined that even after the thermal retrofitting, the energy demands for heating together with lighting are still the most significant compared to the other demands.

scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoxia Yang ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Chang Shu ◽  
Daniel Mmereki ◽  
Md. Uzzal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning System

In order to assess the optimal window-wall ratio and the proper glazing type in different air conditioning system operation modes of residential buildings for each orientation in three typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone: Chongqing, Shanghai, and Wuhan simulation models were built and analyzed using Designer’s Simulation Toolkit (DeST). The study analyzed the variation of annual heating energy demand, annual cooling energy demand, and the annual total energy consumption in different conditions, including different orientations, patterns of utilization of air conditioning system, window-wall ratio, and types of windows. The results show that the total energy consumption increased when the window-wall ratio is also increased. It appears more obvious when the window orientation is east or west. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency, low-emissivity (Low-E) glass performs better than hollow glass. From this study, it can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the operation mode of air conditioning system, the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The influence of the factors can be regarded as reference mode for the window-wall ratio when designing residential buildings.

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