Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Civil Engineering: Durability Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Mariaenrica Frigione
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Thermosetting Resins ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Environmental Agents

In the last decades, the use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites to repair and/or upgrade existing buildings or infrastructure systems proved to be an effective solution, being able to overcome some of the drawbacks experienced with traditional interventions. The knowledge of durability behavior of polymer composite materials in terms of their degradation/aging causes and mechanisms is a critical issue for a safe and advantageous implementation of FRP. The durability of FRP employed in civil infrastructure applications mainly depends on the durability of any single component and on the environment (service conditions) in which the system operates. The components of FRP are: polymeric resins (more frequently thermosetting resins cured in service, i.e. at ambient temperature), fibers and the interface between them. Referring to the resins, heavy concerns arise from the behavior of “Cold-cured” thermosetting resins, often epoxy, used as matrices to manufacture (through wet layup technique) and adhesives to apply, also precured, FRP. The experimental studies present in current literature on the effect of environmental agents on the properties of FRP highlight the crucial role of the adhesive/matrix on the behavior of the whole system. Many other parameters (i.e. direction and disposition of fibers, direction of load application) are involved in the assessment of the durability of FRP. However, in the durability studies of FRP and their components, a lack of specific standards for such materials is recognized. In addition, the results of durability studies do not always agree, possibly due to different curing/conditioning conditions employed. The aim of this work is to critically illustrate the durability studies carried out on FRP for civil engineering applications and appeared in current literature, highlighting the issues that are not yet assessed and addressed.

An Eulerian Orthogonal Cutting Model for Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqi Zhang ◽  
John S. Strenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Unidirectional Fiber ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Cutting Model

An Eulerian model is described that simulates orthogonal cutting of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The continuous finite element method (FEM) and the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method are combined to solve the governing equations. A progressive damage model is implemented to predict subsurface damage in the composite. A correction factor that accounts for fiber curvature is included in the model that incorporates the influence of fiber bending. It was found that fiber orientation has a dominant influence on both the cutting forces and subsurface damage. Good agreement was found between predicted cutting forces and subsurface damage and published experimental observations.

Bond Behavior of CFRP Cured Laminates: Experimental and Numerical Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naser ◽  
R. Hawileh ◽  
J. A. Abdalla ◽  
A. Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Bond Behavior

The use of externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) as strengthening systems to improve the condition and overall capacity of existing reinforced concrete structural members is found to be a promising scheme. This field has drawn the attention of many researchers in the past two decades through the implementation of much theoretical work as well as experimental studies. It was evident through many experimental investigations conducted by a number of researchers that the bond action between fiber-reinforced polymers and reinforced concrete members is considered one of the main factors affecting the performance and reliability of external strengthening systems and warrants further investigation. Debonding failure is a brittle mode of failure that may occur prematurely before strengthened members develop their full composite and expected capacities. This paper aims to investigate the bond behavior between the CFRP-concrete interface via experimental work and finite element (FE) simulations. The experimental study consisted in testing nine concrete prisms with different bonded lengths of the CFRP plates that vary between 25% (60 mm), 50% (120 mm), and 75% (180 mm) of the total length of the concrete prisms and instrumented with strain gauges. A FE simulation model was created and validated using the experimental results of the tested specimens, and a parametric study was carried out to investigate the effect of several parameters on the bond behavior between CFRP and concrete surfaces. The trend of the FE simulation results shows a good agreement with the experimental results and those available in the literature. It was observed that the optimum length of the CFRP plate is in the range between 150 mm and 160 mm when bonded to concrete surfaces. Other conclusions and observations were drawn based on the experimental and numerical results.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: A Status Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4520
Author(s):  
Salman Pervaiz ◽  
Taimur Ali Qureshi ◽  
Ghanim Kashwani ◽  
Sathish Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Composite materials are a combination of two or more types of materials used to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of engineering products. When fibers are mixed in the polymeric matrix, the composite material is known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). FRP materials are widely used in structural applications related to defense, automotive, aerospace, and sports-based industries. These materials are used in producing lightweight components with high tensile strength and rigidity. The fiber component in fiber-reinforced polymers provides the desired strength-to-weight ratio; however, the polymer portion costs less, and the process of making the matrix is quite straightforward. There is a high demand in industrial sectors, such as defense and military, aerospace, automotive, biomedical and sports, to manufacture these fiber-reinforced polymers using 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies. FRP composites are used in diversified applications such as military vehicles, shelters, war fighting safety equipment, fighter aircrafts, naval ships, and submarine structures. Techniques to fabricate composite materials, degrade the weight-to-strength ratio and the tensile strength of the components, and they can play a critical role towards the service life of the components. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a technique for 3D printing that allows layered fabrication of parts using thermoplastic composites. Complex shape and geometry with enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained using this technique. This paper highlights the limitations in the development of FRPs and challenges associated with their mechanical properties. The future prospects of carbon fiber (CF) and polymeric matrixes are also mentioned in this study. The study also highlights different areas requiring further investigation in FDM-assisted 3D printing. The available literature on FRP composites is focused only on describing the properties of the product and the potential applications for it. It has been observed that scientific knowledge has gaps when it comes to predicting the performance of FRP composite parts fabricated under 3D printing (FDM) techniques. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed FRPs were studied so that a correlation between the 3D printing method could be established. This review paper will be helpful for researchers, scientists, manufacturers, etc., working in the area of FDM-assisted 3D printing of FRPs.

scholarly journals Durability of FRP Reinforcements and Long-Term Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Gajdošová ◽  
Róbert Sonnenschein ◽  
Stanislav Blaho ◽  
Simona Kinčeková ◽  
Ján Pecka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractAlthough fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have achieved increasing popularity in strengthening concrete structures and reinforcing new ones, there is to date insufficient knowledge about their long-term behavior. The long-term properties of FRPs specified in design codes lead to the low utilization capacity of these materials and are not supposed to be correct according to the actual behavior of structures reinforced with FRPs after 20 or 30 years of their use. Environmental impact reduction factors limit the mechanical properties of FRP composites in a range from 0.95 for CFRP to 0.5 for GFRP; the creep rupture factor is from 0.9 to 0.2. The paper summarizes previous research and experimental studies on the long-term properties of FRP reinforcements and also their comparison with the actual structures in which this reinforcement has been used; it presents the first part of an experimental investigation with comparative calculations.

scholarly journals Matrix and Filler Recycling of Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3817
Author(s):  
Roberto Scaffaro ◽  
Alberto Di Bartolo ◽  
Nadka Tz. Dintcheva
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are low-density, high-performance composite materials, which find important applications in the automotive, aerospace, and energy industry, to only cite a few. With the increasing concerns about sustainability and environment risks, the problem of the recycling of such complex composite systems has been emerging in politics, industry, and academia. The issue is exacerbated by the increased use of FRPs in the automotive industry and by the expected decommissioning of airplanes and wind turbines amounting to thousands of metric tons of composite materials. Currently, the recycling of FRPs downcycles the entire composite to some form of reinforcement material (typically for cements) or degrades the polymer matrix to recover the fibers. Following the principles of sustainability, the reuse and recycling of the whole composite—fiber and polymer—should be promoted. In this review paper, we report on recent research works that achieve the recycling of both the fiber and matrix phase of FRP composites, with the polymer being either directly recovered or converted to value-added monomers and oligomers.

scholarly journals A multi‐scale fatigue‐damage model for fiber‐reinforced polymers

PAMM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Magino ◽  
Jonathan Köbler ◽  
Heiko Andrä ◽  
Matti Schneider ◽  
Fabian Welschinger
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Multi Scale
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