Study on the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Corncobs

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1398-1403
Author(s):  
Jun Han Li ◽  
Shao Li Yang ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
Lan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The impact of activator varieties on the activation effect in preparing activated carbon with corncob adopting chemical activation process were researched in this paper, the results showed that phosphoric acid as the activator was much better than potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride. It was deduced from the orthogonal experiment results that the impact of activation temperature on the activation effect is the greatest, impregnation ratio takes the second place, and the activator concentration the least. Suitable parameters of activation process were obtained: when the activator concentration is 50%, activation temperature 500°C, impregnation ratio 2.7:1, the iodine value of activated carbon is 822.08mg/g.

scholarly journals Computer Analysis of the Effect of Activation Temperature on the Microporous Structure Development of Activated Carbon Derived from Common Polypody

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Jarosław Serafin ◽  
Andy M. Booth ◽  
Beata Michalkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Activation Temperature

This paper presents the results of a computer analysis of the effect of activation process temperature on the development of the microporous structure of activated carbon derived from the leaves of common polypody (Polypodium vulgare) via chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at activation temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 °C. An unconventional approach to porous structure analysis, using the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method together with the implemented unique gas state equation, was used in this study. The LBET method is based on unique mathematical models that take into account, in addition to surface heterogeneity, the possibility of molecule clusters branching and the geometric and energy limitations of adsorbate cluster formation. It enabled us to determine a set of parameters comprehensively and reliably describing the porous structure of carbon material on the basis of the determined adsorption isotherm. Porous structure analyses using the LBET method were based on nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) adsorption isotherms determined for individual activated carbon. The analyses carried out showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity for activated carbon obtained was at an activation temperature of 900 °C, a value only slightly higher than that obtained for activated carbon prepared at 700 °C, but the values of geometrical parameters determined for these activated carbons showed significant differences. The results of the analyses obtained with the LBET method were also compared with the results of iodine number analysis and the results obtained with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR), and quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) methods, demonstrating their complementarity.

Treatment of Dyeing and Printing Wastewater by Copper Oxide Loaded on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
Yu De Liu ◽  
Bo Quan Jiang ◽  
Zheng Qiang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

The activated carbon loaded copper oxide catalyst was prepared from Hainan abandoned coconut shells using chemical activation method and applied in treatment of acid bright red GR simulation dyeing wastewater. The effects of phosphoric acid concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, activation time and activation temperature on the COD and color removal rates were investigated by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal values of the parameters above were 65% (in mass), 3:1, 2.5h and 500°C under the designed copper oxide loading conditions of calcining temperature 300°C,calcining time 3.0 h and use level of copper nitrate 15 mL. Using the prepared sample for the treatment of the wastewater, the COD and color removal rates reached 94.384% and 99.840%, respectively.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Production from Waste Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamani. R ◽  
Vinoth Kumar.B ◽  
Sujith . A ◽  
Karthick E
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Static Conditions

Activated carbon is used as filter medium for the removal of hazardous particles in exhaust gases, in the purification of water and also in waste water treatment. Activated carbon is used in gas purification, water purification, sewage treatment and many other applications. This concept is used to satisfy the continuously increasing demand of activated carbon at low cost.The textile industry is one of the largest producers of dye effluent. Treatment of these effluents has to be cost effective hence a number of precursors have been studied as a viable alternative adsorbent. The present work relates to efforts made towards developing a high surface area activated carbon produced from the fruit shells of sterculia foetida by chemical activation process with phosphoric acid as the activating agent the fruit shell of sterculia foetida constitute a novel precursor for the preparation of activated carbon which has not yet been identified as a source for carbon material. Experiments were conducted in lab scale using muffle furnaces under static conditions in a self–generated atmosphere covering process parameters such as Impregnation Ratio (IR), Carbonization time and Temperature. The process parameters are characterized and optimized based on the Methylene Blue number, Methyl Violet Number and the Iodine number.The adsorption of reactive orange dye onto fruit shell of sterculia foetida activated carbon from aqueous solution was investigated. The process is carried out varying the process parameters as Impregnation Ratio (1:1 to 1:6), Activation Temperature (300 to 800 oC) and Activation Time (60 to 210 min).   

scholarly journals A novel approach for producing low cost and highly efficient activated carbon for removing cationic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Fatiha Moughaoui ◽  
Amine Ouaket ◽  
Asmae Laaraibi ◽  
Souad Hamdouch ◽  
Zoubida Anbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Good Agreement

Chemical activation was used to prepare a low-cost activated carbon (AC) from an agricultural waste material: sugarcane bagasse. It was used as a green biosorbent for the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueous solutions (Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG)). Central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in this work in order to run a limited number of experiments. The possibility of revealing the interaction of three selected factors: activation temperature, activation time, and chemical impregnation ratios at different levels for the process of preparing the AC were studied. Two-second order quadratic regression models for a yield of AC and capacity of adsorption were developed using JMP Software.The results of the process of optimization were carried out; it showed a good agreement between the predictive response of RSM model and the obtained experimental values with high correlation coefficients (R2) which indicates the efficacy of the model. The optimal activated carbon was obtained using 400°C activation temperature, 36 min activation time, and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 63.12 % of AC yield and 99.86 % for MB removal and 400°C activation temperature, 90 min activation time and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 45.69 % of AC yield and 99.75 % for MG removal. Moreover, the comparison between the experimental and the predicted values at optimum conditions was in good agreement with relatively small errors.This work showed the effectiveness and the performance of preparing activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse, and it recommended as an effective and green biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Production and characterization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2637-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Namazi ◽  
C. Q. Jia ◽  
D. G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Biomass Ratio

The goal of this work is to establish the technical feasibility of producing activated carbon from pulp mill sludges. KOH chemical activation of four lignocellulosic biomass materials, two sludges from pulp mills, one sludge for a linerboard mill, and cow manure, were investigated experimentally, with a focus on the effects of KOH/biomass ratio (1/1, 1.5/1 and 2/1), activation temperature (400–600°C) and activation time (1 to 2 h) on the development of porosity. The activation products were characterized for their physical and chemical properties using a surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out to establish the effectiveness of the lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon in removing methylene blue (MB), a surrogate of large organic molecules. The results show that the activated carbon are highly porous with specific surface area greater than 500 m2/g. The yield of activated carbon was greater than the percent of fixed carbon in the dry sludge, suggesting that the activation process was able to capture a substantial amount of carbon from the organic matter in the sludge. While 400°C was too low, 600°C was high enough to sustain a substantial rate of activation for linerboard sludge. The KOH/biomass ratio, activation temperature and time all play important roles in pore development and yield control, allowing optimization of the activation process. MB adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm for all four activated carbon, although the adsorption capacity of NK-primary sludge-derived activated carbon was considerably lower than the rest, consistent with its lower specific surface area.

scholarly journals Effect of Activator Type on Activated Carbon Characters from Teak Wood and The Bleaching Test for Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Sriatun Sriatun ◽  
Shabrina Herawati ◽  
Icha Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Cooking Oil

The starting material for activated carbon was biomass from teak woodcutting, which consists of 47.5% cellulose, 14.4% hemicellulose, and 29.9% lignin. The surface area and iodine number of activated carbons are the factors determining the adsorption ability. This study aims to determine the effect of the activator type on activated carbon characters and test the absorption ability for waste cooking oil. The synthesis stages include carbonization, chemical activation, and then physics activation. The activation process consists of two steps. Firstly, the chemical activation via adding H2SO4, and H3PO4 at room temperature for 24 hours, the second, physical activation by heating at various temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C for two hours. The characterizations of activated carbon include water content, ash content, iodine number, functional groups, and surface area. Furthermore, the activated carbon was used as an adsorbent for waste cooking oil for 60 minutes at 100 °C with a stirring of 500 rpm. The results were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 403 nm. The iodine numbers of activated carbon ranged 481.1-1211.4 mg/g and 494.8-1204 mg/g for H3PO4 and H2SO4, respectively.Activated carbon with H3PO4 of 15% and an activation temperature of 400 °C has the highest surface area of 445.30 m2/g.  The H2SO4 dan H3PO4 activators can be used to improve the quality of activated carbon in absorbing dyes in waste cooking oil, where the optimum concentration is 10-15% (v/v). The H3PO4 activator tends to produce a higher bleaching percentage than H2SO4. 

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Tea Seed Shell by Zinc Chloride Activation

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1099-1102
Author(s):  
Zhu Li ◽  
Lin Xia Gao ◽  
Ke Wu Pi ◽  
Duan Ji Wan ◽  
Si Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Blue Solution

The aims of this work were to utilize tea seed shell, biomass waste, for the preparation of activated carbon by zinc chloride activation. The effects of the preparation parameters, which were concentration of Zncl2, impregnation ratio, impregnation time and activation time, on the yield and adsorption capacity of methylene blue solution were analyzed in order to optimize these operation conditions by Orthogonal experiment. The experimental results show that the optimum activated carbon from tea seed shell was obtained by these conditions as follows: impregnation ratio of 50% ZnCl2/shell of 1:1.5, 2.5 hours impregnation time and 1.5 hours activation time in 500°C activation temperature.

scholarly journals Removal of Acid Red 88 Using Activated Carbon Produced from Pomelo Peels by KOH Activation: Orthogonal Experiment, Isotherm, and Kinetic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Konglong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Kinetics Simulation

Activated carbon (PPAC) from pomelo peels was prepared by carbonization and KOH activation. The performance of PPAC was assessed by removing acid red 88 (AR88) in aqueous solution. The most suitable activation processes were found by orthogonal experiments, aimed to achieve the maximum of removal capacity of AR88. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of adsorption were studied through the results of characterization, isotherm fitting, and kinetics simulation. Results showed the preparation parameter that mattered the most to AR88 removal efficiency was the activation temperature of PPAC, followed by impregnation ratio and activation time. The optimal preparation conditions of PPAC were at activation temperature 800°C, activation time 90 min, and impregnation ratio 2.5 : 1. The characterization results showed optimal PPAC had a microporous and amorphous carbon structure whose BET specific area and total pore volume were 2504 m2/g and 1.185 cm3/g, respectively. The isotherm fitting demonstrated that the sorption process followed the Langmuir model, and theoretical maximal sorption value was 1486 mg/g. The kinetics simulation showed that the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption behavior better, suggesting chemisorption seemed to be the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process. This work presented that PPAC was a promising and efficient adsorbent for AR88 from water.

Preparation of Pruning Mulberry Shoot-Based Activated Carbon by ZnCl2 Activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Ning Qiu ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Fu An Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
New Type ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Mb Adsorption

This paper reports the preparation of activated carbon from a new type of agricultural biomass materials, pruning mulberry shoot, by ZnCl2activation. The experiments in this study vary the parameters of ZnCl2activation procedures, such as concentration and impregnation ratio of the activating agent, temperature and time of chemical activation. The experimental results indicated that with a ZnCl2concentration of 50%, an impregnation ratio of 2:1, an activation temperature of 850 °C, and an activation time of 90 min, the activated carbon with better iodine and MB adsorption capacity were 1422.40 mg/g and 163.54mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the optimal preparation process of activated carbon from pruning mulberry shoot was successfully achieved by using single-factor method in this study, which can be used as adsorbents for various environmental applications.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON SYNTHESIS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY TO ENHANCE H2S REMOVAL FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Omar Abed Habeeb ◽  
Ramesh Kanthasamy ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Influential Variable

The main point of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for preparation of activated carbon from wood sawdust (ACWSD) for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from wastewater. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to prepare the ACWSD by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The threepreparation  variables impact of activation temperature (724 – 1000 °C), KOH: precursor (wt%) impregnation ratio (IR) (2:1 – 4:1) and activation time (60 – 120 min) on removal efficiency (RE, %) of H2S and activated carbon yield (ACY, %) were investigated. The preparation parameters were correlated by developing a quadratic model depend on the central composite design (CCD) to the two responses. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was identified the most influential variable on each experimental design responses. The results showed that the temperature of 854 °C, chemical impregnation ratio of 2.95 wt% and activation time of 80 min were the optimum conditions for preparation of ACWSD with responses of RE and ACY of 72.88 % and 31.89 %, respectively. It is concluded that the ACWSD was appeared to be a favorable substance for removal of dissolved H2S from synthetic wastewater.

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