Evaluating the Properties of Bitumen Stabilized with Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wynand JvdM Steyn ◽  
Tanya E. Bosman ◽  
Samantha Galle ◽  
Jacques van Heerden
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Plastic Sample

The aim of this paper is to investigate the rheological properties of Multi-Walled Carbon NanoTube (MWCNT) enhanced bitumen. The rheological properties of bitumen samples with a range of MWCNT applications are evaluated. The shear complex modulus of the samples increased after ageing, and also increased as the percentage of MWCNTs increased. The viscous component of the complex shear modulus was found to be dominant at higher temperatures, but as the concentration of MWCNTs increased, it was found that the elastic portion started to dominate at higher temperatures. At higher temperatures a change in the phase angle was found, with increased concentrations of MWCNTs causing a decrease in δ, representing a more plastic sample. It is shown that addition of MWCNTs as a modifier did not increase the cracking resistance of the bitumen. Thus, if fatigue cracking is of concern in a certain area it is not recommended to use MWCNTs as a modifier. As the quantity of MWCNTs increased, the temperature at which rutting would start to occur, increased.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Prediction of Rutting and Fatigue Parameters in Modified Asphalt Binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7764
Author(s):  
Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa ◽  
Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali ◽  
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan ◽  
Pinar Akpinar ◽  
Ashiru Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Complex Shear

The complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) are fundamental viscoelastic rheological properties used in the estimation of rutting and fatigue pavement distress in asphalt binder. In the tropical regions, rutting and fatigue cracking are major pavement distress affecting the serviceability of road infrastructure. Laboratory testing of the complex shear modulus and phase angle requires expensive and advanced equipment that is not obtainable in major laboratories within the developing countries of the region, giving rise to the need for an accurate predictive model to support quality pavement design. This research aims at developing a predictive model for the estimation of rutting and fatigue susceptive of asphalt binder at intermediate and high pavement temperatures. Asphalt rheological and ageing test was conducted on eight mixes of modified binders used to build the study database containing 1976 and 1668 data points for rutting and fatigue parameters respectively. The database was divided into training and simulation dataset. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm was used to predict the rutting and fatigue parameters using unaged and aged conditioned inputs. The proposed GPR was compared with the support vector machine (SVM), recurrent neural networks (RNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Results show that the model performed better in the estimation of rutting parameter than the fatigue parameter. Further, unaged input variables show better reliability in the prediction of fatigue parameter.

EFFECT OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT EMULSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naqiuddin M. Warid ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
Mohd Khairul Idham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Rheometer Test

One of the main issues with cold mix asphalt (CMA) mixtures is having poor abrasion resistance with low cohesion, longer curing time and low elasticity. SBR is used to improve the rheological properties of the asphalt emulsion. This paper evaluates the effect of using different percentages of SBR in unaged slow-setting emulsion (SS-1K) in CMA. These modified emulsions were blended at various percentages, i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the weight of asphalt emulsion. The investigation focused on the rheological aspect which correlates the properties of unaged modified asphalt emulsion with its performance. Dynamic Shear Rheometer test (DSR) was used to measure the parameters of complex shear modulus, G* and phase angle, δ of the asphalt samples. Based on the results, it shows that by adding SBR in the asphalt emulsion improve the rutting resistance. From the isochronal curve, the complex modulus, G* of the modified emulsions was found higher than the unmodified emulsion. The modified emulsions show signs of improvement in binder properties in terms of elastic deformation and viscosity reduction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the SBR could improve the performance of the asphalt emulsion used in CMA.

CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTHS ON THE COMPLEX SHEAR MODULUS PROPERTIES OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL (MR) FLUIDS

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (07n09) ◽  
pp. 1318-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. CHOOI ◽  
S. O. OYADIJI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Frequency Coverage

When a magnetic field is applied across MR fluids, a yield stress is developed, and their rheological properties can then be categorized into two distinct regimes; pre-yield and post-yield. This paper concerns the viscoelastic behaviour of MR fluids in the pre-yield region. Oscillatory tests were carried out to determine the complex shear modulus properties of MR fluids between the temperature range of -20°C and +50°C. The test results show that the storage modulus and loss modulus increased in value as the excitation frequency was increased from 5Hz to 50Hz. The complex modulus was also found to be influenced by changes in temperature; the higher the temperature, the lower the complex modulus. This is consistent with the behaviour of viscoelastic polymers. The sets of temperature-dependent and frequency-dependent data were subsequently condensed using the method of reduced variables into master curves of complex modulus which effectively extended the frequency coverage of the data at the reference temperature.

Novel Rheometer for Superposed Constant and Oscillatory Shear Rate

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1605-1608
Author(s):  
Sandro Dinser ◽  
Klaus Haeusler ◽  
Jürg Dual
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Viscoelastic Liquids

A newly developed resonator in combination with a UDS 200 rheometer allows performing different kinds of measurements. The characteristics of the resonator are its resonant frequency slightly above conventional rheometers, the high sensitivity allowing measurement of fluids with viscosities as low as that of water and the very small oscillation amplitudes. The nonlinear behavior of viscoelastic liquids can be analyzed using parallel superposition of shear. It is known that the parallel complex shear modulus differs from the complex modulus of a fluid at rest. First measurements have shown the ability of the instrument to quantify this effect. At the same time, normal force, shear rate viscosity and complex viscosity can be measured on a sample.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN BINDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Moazzam Ali Mughal ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The study investigates the rheological properties of bitumen of 60-70 penetration grade modified with Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). SBR is an elastomer which is an important sort of synthetic rubber. It is a copolymer whose molecular structure primarily consists of organic compound styrene and butadiene chain. Bitumen is visco-elastic in nature. The rate of load application and temperature has a great influence on its performance. Various fundamental properties of bitumen were evaluated, namely complex shear modulus (G*), short-term ageing, long-term ageing, viscosity, penetration and softening point by using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), Rotational Viscometer (RV), Penetrometer and Ring and Ball Test, respectively. The binders were mixed with varying percentage of SBR i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% by the weight of bitumen binder. The use of SBR has played an active role in improving the viscoelastic properties of bitumen. The use of SBR modifier changes the rheological behavior of bitumen by increasing its complex shear modulus (G*) and the resistance of mixture against permanent deformation (rutting). It was also found that increasing the content of SBR led to the increase in viscosity of modified bitumen, which helps in elevating the mixing and compaction temperature of asphalt mixtures.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PEG 4000 + Quartz Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziyah Nur Aini ◽  
Musyarofah ◽  
Triwikantoro ◽  
Mashuri ◽  
Sukma Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Complex Shear

The complex shear modulus of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 + quartz compositesas a variation of processing temperature and applied temperature has been investigated using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) instrument. The quartz, obtained by processing silica sand from Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, of as much as 40% by weight was used as the filler of the composite. The processing temperature was room temperature, 50°C, and 70°C after considering the theoretical melting point of PEG 4000. Results showed that such temperaturesgave several phenomena related with the complex modulus values from the pure PEG 4000 and the composite, i.e.they dropped with time indicating the presence of relatively rapid strain relaxation and were in the range of 50-300MPa. Furthermore, theaddition of quartz improved the values wherethe most improvement occurred on the 70°C sample,i.e. almost twice from the pure PEG 4000. Increasing the heating process, however, significantly reduced the values. The reduction was confirmed by further investigation where the result showed that the complex shear modulus value both in the pure PEG 4000 and the composite dropped with applied temperature at around 42°C and 45°C, respectively, whichcan be related to the melting PEG. A severe drop was particulartly observed in the composite which was believed caused by the addition of quartz in a lose powder form.

Analytical Approach to Recovering Bone Porosity From Effective Complex Shear Modulus

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Bonifasi-Lista ◽  
Elena Cherkaev ◽  
Yener N. Yeni
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Spectral Measure ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Human Cancellous Bone ◽  
Complex Shear

This work deals with the study of the analytical relations between porosity of cancellous bone and its mechanical properties. The Stieltjes representation of the effective shear complex modulus of cancellous bone is exploited to recover porosity. The microstructural information is contained in the spectral measure in this analytical representation. The spectral function can be recovered from the effective measurements over a range of frequencies. The problem of reconstruction of the spectral measure is very ill-posed. Regularized algorithm is derived to ensure stability of the results. The proposed method does not use any specific assumptions about the microgeometry of bone. The approach does not rely on correlation analysis, it uses analytical relationships. For validation purposes, complex shear modulus over a range of frequencies was calculated by the finite element method using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of human cancellous bone. The calculated values were used in numerical algorithm to recover bone porosity. At the microlevel, bone was modeled as a heterogeneous medium composed of trabeculae tissue and bone marrow treated as transversely isotropic elastic and isotropic viscoelastic materials, respectively. Recovered porosity values are in excellent agreement with true porosity found from the corresponding micro-CT images.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) Grafted Carbon Nanotubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ye Kang ◽  
Su-Mi Eo ◽  
Loon-Seng Tan ◽  
Jong-Beom Baek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Acylation Reaction ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were functionalized with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid via “direct” Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in PPA/P2O5 to afford ortho-diamino-functionalized SWCNT (DIF-SWCNT) and MWCNT (DIF-MWCNT). The resultant DIF-SWCNT and DIF-MWCNT showed improved solubility and dispersibility. To improve interfacial adhesion between CNT and polymer matrix, the grafting of ABPBI onto the surface of DIF-SWCNT (10 wt%) or DIF-MWCNT (10 wt%) was conducted by simple in-situ polymerization of AB monomer, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride, in PPA. The resultant ABPBI-g-MWCNT and ABPBI-g-SWCNT showed improved the mechanical and electrical properties.

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