Optimal Replacement of Granite Modified with Ife Iron and Steel Slag on Strength Properties of Concrete

Author(s):  
Solomon I. Adedokun ◽  
Mukaila A. Anifowose

Steel is produced from iron ore and purification of metal scrap, leading to manufacture of hundreds of tonnes of steel slag each year. This study investigated the optimum replacement of granite with Ife Iron and Steel Nigeria Limited (ISN) slag that produce maximum Compressive Strength (CS), Split Tensile Strength (STS) and Flexural Strength (FS) of concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) from Design Expert Version 7.0. The outcome of the study showed that the optimum replacement of granite with ISN was 28.85% ISN at 0.47 W/C.

Author(s):  
A. A Raheem

Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension hence, considerable effort is required to improve concrete’s tensile strength by the use of pre-stressed concrete and addition of admixtures or additives. In this study, the use of recycled iron and steel slag (RISS) aggregate to improve the tensile strength of concrete was considered. The paper assessed the mineralogical composition of RISS and granite aggregates, and gradation. It also determines the effects of RISS aggregate on the flexural strength of concrete beams of 150 × 150 × 600 mm containing 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60% RISS aggregate replacement in mix ratios 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 with water cement ratios 0.65,0.60 and 0.55 respectively. Diffractograph of RISS and granite aggregate showed that RISS contains Magnetite, Ilmenite and Quartz, while granite contains Quartz, Annite, Microcline and Albite as the predominant minerals. The coefficient of uniformity and concavity of RISS and granite aggregate for maximum aggregate size of 37.5 mm are 4.35 and 1.33; and 4.64 and 1.76 respectively. Both aggregates contain quartz as the predominant mineral and are well graded. The result of the Flexural strength at 28 days curing is within 0.135 – 0.250 MPa specified byBS8500 – 2:2015. Flexural strength of concrete beams cast with RISS aggregate is relatively higher than concrete cast with granite aggregate. Flexural strength, a measure of tensile strength of concrete is improved as percentage RISS aggregate increased.


The river sand is the natural sort of fine aggregate material which is employed within the concrete and mortar. It’s usually obtained from the river bed and mining has disastrous environment consequences. Rather than the river sand we are using M-sand as fine aggregate within the concrete. The event of acrylic concrete marks a crucial milestone in improving the merchandise quality and efficiency of the concrete. Usage of acrylic within the concrete will increase the strength and durability of the concrete. It enhances the performance of the concrete and increase energy absorption compared with plain concrete. Within the present work we are getting to analysis the strength properties of fiber reinforced M-sand concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and bond strength.


Self-compacting concrete is one that is flow able by its own. The SCC is suitable for placing in dense reinforcement structures. It is a new generation performance concrete known for its outstanding deformity and high resistance to bleeding. The concrete is frail material which is comparatively tough in compression but fragile in tension. The tensile strength of concrete is improved by addition of fibers in the concrete mix. The addition of such fibers has negative consequence on the workability of concrete. Various types of fibers are used in concrete to provide the higher flexural strength and better tensile strength. In this research steel fibers are used to provide a better strength as compared with normal reinforced concrete. Steel fiber in SCC significantly improves its flexural strength, improved tensile properties, reduce cracking and improve durability. In this research the investigation of steel fiber in SCC to enhance the strength properties of SCC. The objective of the study was to determine different properties of SCC with steel fiber at different proportions. The experimental investigation was took on the freshly mixed and hardened properties of SCC of various mix with the different variations of fiber 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% by using Viscosity Modified Agent (VMA) 1.5% of cement material by using M25 grade of concrete. In this research a series of tests were carried out for workability like slump cone test, U funnel, V funnel, L box test on SCC to check freshly mix properties like flow-ability, filling-ability, and passing-ability and hardened properties like compressive strength, split-tensile strength and flexural strength respectively and test were conducted at the age of 7Days, 14Days, 28Days on the SCC. The advantage of adding steel fiber in self-compacting concrete is that it enhances its overall strength.


2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 902-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M Asi ◽  
Hisham Y Qasrawi ◽  
Faisal I Shalabi

There are three major steel-manufacturing factories in Jordan. All of their by-product, steel slag, is dumped randomly in open areas, causing many environmentally hazardous problems. This research was intended to study the effectiveness of using steel slag aggregate (SSA) in improving the engineering properties of locally produced asphalt concrete (AC) mixes. The research started by evaluating the toxicity and chemical and physical properties of the steel slag. Then 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the limestone coarse aggregate in the AC mixes was replaced by SSA. The effectiveness of the SSA was judged by the improvement in indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, rutting resistance, fatigue life, creep modulus, and stripping resistance of the AC samples. It was found that replacing up to 75% of the limestone coarse aggregate by SSA improved the mechanical properties of the AC mixes. The results also showed that the 25% replacement was the optimal replacement level. Key words: steel slag aggregate, asphalt concrete, Superpave, indirect tensile strength, fatigue, rutting, creep.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Rebeca Martínez-García ◽  
P. Jagadesh ◽  
Gabriel Búrdalo-Salcedo ◽  
Covadonga Palencia ◽  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
...  

Most concrete studies are concentrated on mechanical properties especially strength properties either directly or indirectly (fresh and durability properties). Hence, the ratio of split tensile strength to compressive strength plays a vital role in defining the concrete properties. In this review, the impact of design parameters on the strength ratio of various grades of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with recycled aggregate is assessed. The design parameters considered for the study are Water to Cement (W/C) ratio, Water to Binder (W/B) ratio, Total Aggregates to Cement (TA/C) ratio, Fine Aggregate to Coarse Aggregate (FA/CA) ratio, Water to Solid (W/S) ratio in percentage, superplasticizer (SP) content (kg/cu.m), replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), replacement percentage of recycled fine aggregates (RFA), fresh density and loading area of the specimen. It is observed that the strength ratio of SCC with recycled aggregates is affected by design parameters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-458
Author(s):  
Anisa Tikupadang ◽  
Herman Parung ◽  
Benny Kusuma

Steel slag is a waste from the steel smelting industry. Along with the increasing demand for steel, it can also cause steel waste to increase. Coconut shell is a solid waste from the rest of coconut processing. This study aims to obtain the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity with coarse aggregate substituted for steel slag and coconut shell, with a concrete quality of f'c 45 MPa. The results of this study that the compressive strength of concrete obtained, 100% crushed stone aggregate increased 5.213% and coconut shell substitution and steel slag increased 1.650%. The value of the split tensile strength of concrete, 100% crushed stone is 9.312% and the substitution of coconut shells and steel slag is 9.073 of the compressive strength. The value of flexural strength, 100% crushed stone is 0.827√(f'c) and the substitution of coconut shell and steel slag is 0.752 f'c from the compressive strength. The modulus of elasticity of concrete, 100% crushed stone is 24845,351 MPa and substitution of coconut shells and steel slag is 20674,005 MPa.    


The study of strength behaviour of M20 grade concrete, by exchanging the cement partly by powder of egg shell, for which an experimental tests were carried out and the effect of egg shell powder (0%,5%.10%,15%) on compressive strength characteristics were studied. The result of this present investigation shows that the replacement of 5% of cement with egg shell powder attains the maximum compressive strength. The best and economical percentage exchange of replacement of powder of egg shell (ESP) with cement is about 5% and also reduces the cost of concrete with the use of powder of egg shell, which is available freely as raw material and then it is grinded well to make powder. The egg shell is available from municipal solid waste and is mixed in powder form in concrete by exchanging the cement and is found that 5% replacement is very effective in the improvement of strength properties when compared to the conventional concrete. Also the exchangement of 5% ESP in cement gives higher split tensile strength as compared to other cement ingredient mixtures. In this study, it is fixed that 0.45 is the w/c ratio and it produces medium degree of workability which is suitable for most of the concrete mixtures on site. The addition of eggshell powder as filler in concrete has improved the strength of concrete and also improved and better split tensile strength.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Jigyasa Shukla ◽  
Harsh Gupta

This paper present the study of various strength such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength during 7 and 28 day. It is construct the specimens size 15cm X 15cm X 15cm for testing purpose which depend upon the size of aggregate. Test results are indicated that strength performance of concrete well as in durability aspect are improved using of Silica fume


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6703-6707
Author(s):  
A. S. Buller ◽  
A .M. Buller ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
Z. A. Tunio ◽  
S. Shabbir ◽  
...  

This study experimentally investigates the mechanical and durability performance of bacteria concrete in terms of density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and water absorption capacity. The concrete specimens were produced with a ratio of 1:2:4, w/c ratio of 0.45, and having a bacteria dosage level ranging from 1 to 6% by weight of water. To investigate the usefulness of the bacteria dosage level, cubic and cylindrical specimens were cast and tested after 28 days of water curing in a Universal Testing Machine with a constant loading rate. The density of each specimen was also recorded soon after casting and after the curing period ended. Moreover, the water absorption test was similarly conducted on cube specimens at various time intervals to record the penetration depth. The test results of normal concrete (without bacteria) were compared with the ones of the specimens containing bacteria. The optimum level of bacteria was found to be 3.5%, which showed the highest values in terms of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and density. Bacteria tend to generate more crystalline materials inside the concrete mass due to reactions with the surrounding moisture which produces a compact surface, thus strength properties were improved and water penetration was blocked which suggests better durability of the concrete.


2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1233-1236
Author(s):  
De Zhi Wang ◽  
Yun Fang Meng ◽  
Yin Yan Zhang

The split tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete mixed with SiO2and CaCO3nanoparticles have been experimentally studied. SiO2nanoparticles as a partial cement replaced by 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt.% and CaCO3nanoparticles by 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% were added partially to concrete. Curing of the specimens has been carried out for 7, 28, 78 and 128 days after casting. SiO2nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt.% could accelerate formation of CSH gel at the early ages and hence increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength. The optimal replacement level of cement by SiO2nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 2.0 wt.%. CaCO3nanoparticles as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt.% could consume crystalline Ca(OH)2and accelerate formation of calcium carboaluminate hydrate at the early ages and increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength. The optimal replacement level of cement by CaCO3nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 3.0 wt.%.


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