Preparation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Loading Violacein Extract for Anti-Acne Products

The objective of this research is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loading violacein extract. The extract was tested for the antimicrobial activities against 3 strains of pathogenic bacteria; namely Cutibacterium acnes ATCC 6919, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 by agar well diffusion assay. The result indicated that the violacein extract from Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 has strongest antibacterial effect against C. acnes, S. aureus and S. epidermidis with MIC values in range of 0.0146-0.4688 mg/mL with the lowest MBC value of 0.0146 mg/mL against C. acnes. Violacein extract loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for anti-acne products were prepared by using melt-emulsification technique. The studied factors are the ratio of liquid lipid and solid lipid (LL:SL), surfactant concentration and sonication time. The Ratio of Oleic acid and Compritol® 888 ATO (3:1) with Tween 20 (1.5% w/w) and sonication time of 10 minute (F8 formulation) are an optimizing condition for NLC-Base. The resulted formulations showed the NLC-Base had average particle size of 213.7±2.42 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.239±0.003 and Zeta potential of -26.6±0.45 mV. After that, violacein extract (2% w/w) was loaded into the NLCs (VIO-NLCs). Antibacterial activity of VIO-NLCs 2 % was determined by using agar dilution. The result showed that VIO-NLCs 2 % can inhibit the growth of C. acnes for 60 days during storage. Furthermore, VIO-NLCs 2 % can also act as S. aureus and S. epidermidis inhibitor within 30 days shelf life.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Citric Acid Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles

10.51429/ejmm29418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽

pp. 143-149

Author(s):

Ahmed M. El-Khawaga ◽

Ayman A. Farrag ◽

Ahmed I. El-Batal ◽

Mohamed A. Elsayed

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Average Particle ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Fe3o4 Nps

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the principal public health problems of the 21st century that threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria no longer susceptible to the common medicines used to treat them. Objectives: To development of Fe3O4 NPs with specific sizes and shapes Potential as a new antibacterial agent. Methodology: In this study magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized through an aqueous co-precipitation method and functionalized with citric acid for outstanding their antimicrobial potential. Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX and FTIR to analyze crystallinity, average particle size, morphology and functional groups, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against pathogenic bacteria as zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Antimicrobial results showed that CA- Fe3O4 NPs owns maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli by 18.0 and 15.0mm ZOI, respectively. Conclusion: It should be noted that (CA-Fe3O4) NPs are also active upon Gram-positive than Gram- negative bacteria. The synthesized (CA-Fe3O4) NPs are promising for potential applications as antimicrobial agent and in drug delivery fields.

Download Full-text

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Essential Oil of Diplotaxis Acris Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 405-412

Author(s):

Mohamed Habib Oueslati ◽

Lotfi Ben Tahar ◽

A. Khuzaim Alzahrani ◽

Jamith Basha ◽

Omar H. Abd Elkader

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Average Particle ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

E Coli ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Plausible Scheme

The present work reports a green biosynthesis of gold nano particles (EO-AuNPs) using an essential oil (EO) as a reducing agent of the Au(III) in HAuCl4. The EO was extracted by hydro-distillation from Diplotaxis acris flowers. A total of 16 compounds were detected from the EO oil by using GC–MS and 5-methylsulfanylpentanenitrile was identified as the major component (73.60 %). The biosynthesized EO-AuNPs were characterized performing UV–Vis, IR,XRD and TEM analyses.The UV-Vis revealed the typical features of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AuNPs at ~526 nm. The FT-IR spectrum of the biosynthesized nano particles exhibited the features of the nitrile (-C≡N) functional group indicating that the -C≡N-bearing EO components are likely acting as reducing and stabilizing agents for the formation of EO-AuNPs. The plausible scheme of EO-AuNPsformation was proposed.The TEM analysis showed that the EO- AuNPs were almost spherical in shape with an average particle size of 12.7 nm. In addition, the antimicrobial activity was carried out by diffusion of agar wells method. The results proved that the EO-AuNPs displayed a potential antimicrobial against gram negative strains, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 16 mm for E. coli at a concentration of 100 µg / ml.

Download Full-text

Unravelling the Role of Synthesis Conditions on the Structure of Zinc Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofillers

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zélia Alves ◽

Cláudia Nunes ◽

Paula Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Zinc Acetate ◽

Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Average Particle ◽

Zno Nanostructures ◽

Synthesis Conditions

The diversity of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles and derived composites applications is highly dependent on their structure, size, morphology, defect amounts, and/or presence of dopant molecules. In this work, ZnO nanostructures are grown in situ on graphene oxide (GO) sheets by an easily implementable solvothermal method with simultaneous reduction of GO. The effect of two zinc precursors (zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD)), NaOH concentration (0.5, 1 or 2 M), and concentration (1 and 12.5 mg/mL) and pH (pH = 1, 4, 8, and 12) of GO suspension were evaluated. While the ZnO particle morphology shows to be precursor dependent, the average particle size length decreases with lower NaOH concentration, as well as with the addition of a higher basicity and concentration of GO suspension. A lowered band gap and a higher specific surface area are obtained from the ZnO composites with higher amounts of GO suspension. Otherwise, the low concentration and the higher pH of GO suspension induce more lattice defects on the ZnO crystal structure. The role of the different condition parameters on the ZnO nanostructures and their interaction with graphene sheets was observed to tune the ZnO–rGO nanofiller properties for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities.

Download Full-text

Appraisal of Nano-lipidic Astaxanthin cum Thermoreversible Gel and its Efficacy in Haloperidol Induced Parkinsonism

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210510173524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Deepika Gautam ◽

Samipta Singh ◽

Priyanka Maurya ◽

Manjari Singh ◽

Sapana Kushwaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Particle Size ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Neuronal Uptake ◽

Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽

Average Particle ◽

In Situ Gel ◽

Thermoreversible Gel

Background: Parkinsonism has a toxic cascade of neurodegeneration, with akinesia as a major manifestation. Some antioxidants have shown promise against the disease. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant, demonstrates free radical scavenging, and is also a potential neuroprotective agent Objective: To formulate astaxanthin laden nanostructured lipid carriers based thermoreversible gel for better neuronal uptake and better neuronal efficacy. Methods: The method for fabricating astaxanthin-nanostructured lipid carriers (ATX-NLC) was melt-emulsification, and these were optimized using factorial design and further evaluated for diverse parameters. Neurotoxicity was induced in rats by haloperidol. The treated and non-treated rats were then witnessed for their behaviour. TBARs and GSH levels were also determined. Pharmacokinetics was studied via HPLC. Results: The average particle size (by DLS), entrapment efficiency and zeta potential of optimized ATX-NLC were 225.6 ± 3.04 nm, 65.91 ± 1.22 % and -52.64 mV respectively. Astaxanthin release (after 24 h in simulated nasal fluid) from optimized ATX-NLC was 92.5 ± 5.42 %. Its thermo-reversible nasal gel (ATX-NLC in-situ gel) was prepared using poloxamer-127. The obtained gel showed in-vivo betterment in the behaviour of animals when studied using rotarod and akinesia test. Pharmacokinetic studies showed better availability of astaxanthin in the brain on the rats treated with ATX-NLC in-situ gel as compared to those treated with ATX-in-situ gel. Conclusion: Astaxanthin loaded lipidic nanoparticulate gel can be a hopeful adjuvant therapy for Parkinsonism and holds scope for future studies.

Download Full-text

Green synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using Trigonella foenum-graecum L. leaves grown in Saudi Arabia

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2021-0043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 421-429

Author(s):

Humaira Rizwana ◽

Mona S. Alwhibi ◽

Hadeel A. Aldarsone ◽

Manal Ahmed Awad ◽

Dina A. Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Average Particle ◽

Pathogenic Yeast ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used for medical applications particularly as antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant microbial strains. Some plants stimulate the reduction of Ag ions to AgNPs. In this study, we prepared AgNPs via the green synthesis approach using fenugreek leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, we characterized these AgNPs and evaluated their antimicrobial activities against pathogenic yeast, bacteria, and fungi. The ultraviolet-visible peak at 380 nm confirmed the biosynthesis of NPs. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed particle size in the range of 9–57 nm with a spherical shape. Dynamic light scattering results confirm slight aggregation as the average particle size was shown as 68.71 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.083. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results showed an intense peak at 3 keV, indicating the presence of elemental AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs efficiently inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, varying degree of inhibition was shown toward fungi. The potent antimicrobial ability of the synthesized NPs can be attributed to their small size and round shape. Among all test organisms, the growth of Candida albicans and Helminthosporium sativum was remarkably affected by AgNPs treatment.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activities of Bacillus velezensis strains isolated from stingless bee products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251514

Author(s):

Mohamad Malik Al-adil Baharudin ◽

Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat ◽

Fairolniza Mohd Shariff ◽

Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof ◽

Murni Karim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Peptide ◽

High Performance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Bacillus Velezensis ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a continuous supply of antibiotics to combat the problem. In this study, bacteria initially identified as species belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens operational group were re-identified based on the housekeeping gene, gyrB. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) from the strains were used for antimicrobial tests using the agar well diffusion assay against MRSA and various types of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and physicochemical characteristics of the CFS were determined. Based on gyrB sequence analysis, five strains (PD9, B7, PU1, BP1 and L9) were identified as Bacillus velezensis. The CFS of all B. velezensis strains showed broad inhibitory activities against Gram-negative and -positive as well as MRSA strains. Strain PD9 against MRSA ATCC 33742 was chosen for further analysis as it showed the biggest zone of inhibition (21.0 ± 0.4 mm). The MIC and MBC values obtained were 125 μl/ml. The crude antimicrobial extract showed bactericidal activity and was stable at various temperatures (40–80°C), pH (4–12), surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, SDS and Triton X-100) and metal ions (MgCI2, NaCI2, ZnNO3 and CuSO4) when tested. However, the crude extract was not stable when treated with proteinase K. All these properties resembled the characteristics of peptides. The antimicrobial compound from the selected strain was purified by using solvent extraction method and silica gel column chromatography. The purified compound was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography which resulted in a single peak of the anti-MRSA compound being detected. The molecular weight of the anti-MRSA compound was determined by using SDS-PAGE and zymogram. The size of the purified antimicrobial peptide was approximately ~ 5 kDa. The antimicrobial peptide produced from B. velezensis strain PD9 is a promising alternative to combat the spread of MRSA infections in the future.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological activity of synthesized Silver and Rajat Bhasma nanoparticles using Clerodendrum inerme

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.25081/jp.2021.v13.7026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-71

Author(s):

Pallab Kar ◽

Swarnendra Banerjee ◽

Avhijit Chhetri ◽

Arnab Sen

Keyword(s):

Average Particle Size ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Average Particle ◽

Edx Analysis ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Novel Drug ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Bhasmais Metallo-medicine and made from metals and minerals. Rajatbhasma or Silver Bhasma belongs to a group of nanoparticles that have medicinal values and are used in Ayurveda as Drugs against various ailments. Clerodendrum inermea traditionally well-accepted plant is used extensivelyin ayurvedic therapeutic formulations, but till date no major steps have been carried out to validate the scientific relevance of synthesized nanoparticles from Rajatbhasma using C. inerme. Therefore, in the present study biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FESEM and EDX analysis whereas, a comparative study has also been made to check the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle. The SEM and FESEM analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are well shaped and the average particle size ranges between 30–90 nm and 10-50 nm respectively. In the case of EDX analysis, the highest peak at ~3Kev in the case of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle supports the formation of silver nanoparticles. Subsequently, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles showed excellent results when compared to the standard. The obtained results may provide support in the field of therapeutics and drug delivery and might prove beneficial as a novel drug candidate against bacterial infection in the future.

Download Full-text

Optimization the formulation parameters in preparation of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using low-energy solvent displacement technique

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naghmeh Jaberi ◽

Navideh Anarjan ◽

Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Tween 20 ◽

P Value ◽

Average Particle ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Solvent Displacement ◽

Formulation Parameters

Abstract. α-Tocopherol is the main compound of vitamin E with great antioxidant activity. However, like other functional lipid bioactive compounds, it suffers from low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and liable chemical structure. A bottom-up procedure based on a solvent-displacement method was constructed for fabrication of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of main formulation parameters, namely, weight ratio of emulsifier to α-tocopherol and volumetric percent of acetone to water on the average particle size (nm), polydispersity index, concentration of α-tocopherol loss (% w/w) and turbidity of the nanodispersions were evaluated and optimized to gain the most desirable nanodispersions (least particle size, polydispersity index, turbidity and highest α-tocopherol concentrations). Second order regression equations, holding quite high coefficients of determination (R2 and adjusted R2 > 0.882), were significantly (p-value < 0.05) fitted for predicting the α-tocopherol nanodispersion characteristics variations as functions of studied formulation parameters. A multiple optimization analysis offered 6.5 and 10% for weight ratio of Tween 20 to α-tocopherol and volume percent of acetone, respectively, as overall optimum values for studied parameters. Statistically insignificant differences between experimental and predicted values of studied responses, verified the satisfactoriness of presented models for explaining the response characteristics as a function of formulation parameters. Thus, the employed solvent-displacement technique may provide the most desired water dispersible α-tocopherol nanoparticles for several water-based foods, cosmetic nutraceutical formulations.

Download Full-text

Sesame Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Nicergoline, Intranasal Delivery System for Brain Targeting of Synergistic Cerebrovascular Protection

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Mohammed A. S. Abourehab ◽

Ahmed Khames ◽

Samar Genedy ◽

Shahin Mostafa ◽

Mohammad A. A. Khaleel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Delivery System ◽

Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Release Profile ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Brain Targeting ◽

Average Particle

Nicergoline (NIC) is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derivative applied for treatment of dementia and other cerebrovascular disorders. The efficacy of sesame oil to slow and reverse the symptoms of neurodegenerative cognitive disorders has been proven. This work aimed to formulate and optimize sesame oil-based NIC-nanostructured lipid carriers (NIC–NLCs) for intranasal (IN) delivery with expected synergistic and augmented neuroprotective properties. The NIC–NLC were prepared using sesame oil as a liquid lipid. A three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design was applied to statistically optimize the effect of sesame oil (%) of the total lipid, surfactant concentration, and sonication time on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficacy as responses. Solid-state characterization, release profile, and ex vivo nasal permeation in comparison to NIC solution (NIC–SOL) was studied. In vivo bioavailability from optimized NIC–NLC and NIC–SOL following IN and IV administration was evaluated and compared. The optimized NIC–NLC formula showed an average particle size of 111.18 nm, zeta potential of −15.4 mV, 95.11% entrapment efficacy (%), and 4.6% loading capacity. The NIC–NLC formula showed a biphasic, extended-release profile (72% after 48 h). Permeation of the NIC–NLC formula showed a 2.3 enhancement ratio. Bioavailability studies showed a 1.67 and 4.57 fold increase in plasma and brain following IN administration. The results also indicated efficient direct nose-to-brain targeting properties with the brain-targeting efficiency (BTE%) and direct transport percentage (DTP%) of 187.3% and 56.6%, respectively, after IN administration. Thus, sesame oil-based NIC–NLC can be considered as a promising IN delivery system for direct and efficient brain targeting with improved bioavailability and expected augmented neuroprotective action for the treatment of dementia.

Download Full-text

Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant evaluation of biofabricated silver nanoparticles from endophytic Pantoea anthophila

10.21203/rs.3.rs-205396/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Nirmala ◽

M Srid

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Average Particle ◽

X Ray ◽

Uv Visible

Abstract Endophyte mediated nanoparticles fabrication was emerging as a new frontier in nanomedicines that produce high biocompatible and functionalized silver nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully biosynthesized from the extracellular extract of endophytic bacterium Pantoea anthophila isolated from the stem of Waltheria indica for the first time. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. The structural analysis is done by X-ray diffraction and the stability was studied by dynamic light scattering and particle size analyser. The size and shape were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectrum. Further, the nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Synthesized nanoparticle showed a strong absorption band in the UV-Visible range at 410 nm. The average particle size was found to be 16.8 nm with spherical shaped, crystalline nature. Good zones of inhibition at various ranges were detected against a broad range of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. A strong free radical scavenging activity of silver nanoparticles with IC50 values 30.75, 19.47, 34.59, 41.12, 27.24, 28.16, 36.21 µg/ml was obtained that was comparable to the reference. The study suggests that the silver nanoparticles can be biosynthesised from endophytic P. anthophila metabolites with significant therapeutic potential. With proper validation, the biosynthesised silver nanoparticles can be developed as a promising antiviral and anticancer drug candidate.

Download Full-text