Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

Study of the Characterization of Smectitic Clays from a Town in the State of Paraíba

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I.A. Silva ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Town

The State of Paraíba has gained prominence in the production of raw bentonite in Brazil, where a new deposit has been found in the town of Sossego-PB, besides the deposit in the town of Boa Vista-PB. With the raise in the demand, the traditional reserves are depleting after several years of exploration, and this fact may result in a higher dependence on imported clays, thus existing a great interest in the discovery and characterization of new deposits, also guaranteeing technological improvements for the region. So, the objective of this work is to characterize the new deposits of the State of Paraíba, aiming at analyzing the characteristics the prove their classification as smectitic clays. The characterization was made through the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results prove that the studied samples presented, in their mineralogical composition, smectite, kaolinite and quartz, besides thermal and chemical behavior typical smectitic clays.

SEM, XRF, XRD, Nitrogen Adsorption, Fosters Swelling and Capacity Adsorption Characterization of Cloisite 30 B

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1591-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício ◽  
Marcílio Máximo da Silva ◽  
Anna Karoline Freires de Sousa ◽  
Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽  
Cloisite 30B

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

Bentonite Clays Characterization in the Town of Sossego – Paraiba State

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
V.N.F. Lisboa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town ◽  
Petroleum Drilling

Bentonite exhibt a range of industrial applications moving millions of dollars on the market per year. Among several applications if highlights it is use for petroleum drilling fluids. Thus, this work aims to characterize physical, mineralogical and technologically, the bentonitics clays of Sossego County, Paraíba, Brazil. Mineralogical characterization of clays was done through the following techniques: particle size analysis by laser diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. The clays were turned in by treatment with sodium in Na2CO3 and then determined whether the apparent viscosity, plastic and volume of filtrate of clay-water dispersions. The results showed that the samples are of polycationic, showing levels of MgO, CaO and K2O, similar to those from Boa Vista County, Paraíba, Brazil, and consist of clay mineral kaolinite, quartz and esmec. The clays showed rheological properties that indicate potential for use in drilling fluids.

Performance of Precursor Materials and Fired Ceramics for Structural Blocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Neila Gondim Azeredo ◽  
Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Structural Blocks

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a precursor clay body before firing is of relevance for understanding the technological performance of the fired clay ceramic. In particular, structural clay ceramic blocks used in building construction need to attend standard properties specified by the norms. In the present work the precursor clay body, typically used to fabricate structural blocks in Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was characterized in terms of particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition and Atterberg limits. In addition, the performance of structural ceramic blocks, fabricated from the extruded clay body and fired at 850oC, was evaluated. The results indicated that the ceramic mechanical strength complies with the Brazilian norm but the water absorption is higher than the maximum specified by the norm. The characteristic of the clay body contribute to justify the structural blocks performance.

A lithium-bearing aluminian regular mixed layer montmorillonite-chlorite from Huy, Belgium

Clay Minerals ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brown ◽  
P. Bourguignon ◽  
J. Thorez
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturated Clay ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Green Clay

AbstractA bluish-green clay found in veins cutting across brecciated slates of the Llanvirnian stage at Huy, Belgium, is shown by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis to be a lithium-bearing, aluminium-rich, regular mixed layer montmorillonite-chlorite with associated pyrophyllite, nacrite and quartz and smaller amounts of calcite and ankerite. The cation exchange capacity of the purified air-dry magnesium saturated clay is 49 mEq/100 g and its structural formula isThe problem of the nomenclature of regular mixed layer montmorillonite-chlorites is discussed.

Mineralogical study of clays from Dobrodo, Serbia, for use in ceramics

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Milošević ◽  
Predrag Dabić ◽  
Sabina Kovač ◽  
Lazar Kaluđerović ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Study

AbstractThis study focuses on the mineralogical characterization of four raw clay samples from Dobrodo deposit, Serbia. Several analytical methods were applied to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology and physical properties (colour, plasticity, specific surface area, particle size and cation-exchange capacity) of the clay samples. Kaolinite, smectite and illite are the predominant phases in all of the samples studied that contain between 60.2 and 87.1 wt.% of clay. Quartz, feldspars, paragonite and Ti- and Fe-bearing phases were also identified. The relatively high SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio indicates abundant quartz. The cation-exchange capacity of the samples varied between low and moderately charged clay minerals (12–52 mmol 100 g–1) with specific surface area values ranging from 94 to 410 m2 g–1. The plasticity index values (11–23%) suggest low to moderate plasticity. Preliminary results show that most of the raw clay from Dobrodo deposit might be suitable for use in ceramic applications.

scholarly journals Petrographic and Chemical–Mineralogical Characterization of Mortars from the Cistern at Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Juantxo Agirre Mauleon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Additive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Aggregate Nature ◽  
Specific Construction ◽  
Selection Of

Mortars from the cistern in Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to assess the mortar manufacturing process and application techniques. To this end, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microspectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The study of both structural and plaster mortars from Amaiur Castle cistern show patterns/rules in the mortar manufacture according to the specific construction requirements. A multilayer application technique was used for the construction of the cistern tank. Deliberate selection of the aggregate nature and grading contributed to mortar impermeability. Ceramic and silico-aluminous rock fragments were used as aggregates in the cistern tank to confer hydraulicity to the mortars, instead of carbonated aggregates as used in the vault. Aluminosilicated phases present in the aggregates led to the formation of amesite, which is a magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate (M-A-S-H) phase conferring hydraulicity to the mortar. Two types of additives were identified in the outer pigmented layer of plaster. Beeswax was the identified organic additive used to improve the impermeability of mortar, while hematite was the identified inorganic additive giving rise to the reddish colour of the layer.

Alteration of smectites induced by hydrolytic exchange

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramirez ◽  
D. Righi ◽  
S. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixed Layers

AbstractHydrolytic exchange was performed experimentally on four smectitic clays to evaluate the extent of clay alteration induced by this process and the associated ‘auto-transformation’ of H+ clays. Clay samples were Na-saturated and submitted to 10, 50 and 100 wetting-drying (WD) cycles and characterized after treatment using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cation exchange capacity analysis. Evidence for hydrolytic exchange was given by increasing amounts of exchangeable Mg2+ and precipitation of Na soluble salts for samples subjected to 100 WD cycles. Results indicated a decrease in the interlayer charge after 10 WD cycles but no further decrease was observed after 50 and 100 WD cycles. For one sample, XRD data indicated a decrease in the proportion of the smectite phase and a relative increase in the concentration of illite-smectite mixed layers also present in the sample. The results suggested that the reaction induces first a decrease in the layer charge and then a partial dissolution of some smectite layers.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Natural and HDTMA-Br Modified Dijah-Monkin Bentonite Clay: FTIR, XRF, XRD and SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2010-2018
Author(s):  
Olukayode Gideon Oloyede ◽  
◽  
Umar Omeiza Aroke ◽  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Alexander Asanja Jock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
North East ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, Dijah-Monkin bentonite clay was modified with a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at the level of twice the cation exchange capacity (CEC). This process results in the development of hydrophobic organoclay with an improved adsorption capacity. The clay obtained from Zing LGA Taraba State, North-East Nigeria, was beneficiated and pulverised to a particle size of 125 µm. The modification was performed without acid activation to prevent damages to the clay’s crystal structure. The organoclay was characterised for chemical composition, functional groups, mineralogical and surface morphology using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD showed an increase in the basal spacing from 15.681Å to 17.758 Å, while the XRF revealed a 5.35% concentration of Br on the modified clay, indicating successful intercalation. The FTIR spectra also revealed the appearance of symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands at 2847.7cm-1 and 2914.8cm-1, respectively, as a consequence of the modification, resulting in more sites for adsorption.

scholarly journals Study On The Performance Of Carbonate-Mineralized Bacteria Combined With Eggshell For Immobilizing Pb and Cd in Water And Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wei ◽  
Noman Yashir ◽  
Fengqiu An ◽  
Syed Asad Imtiaz ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Eggshell Waste

Abstract Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an advanced bioremediation approach to remediate heavy metals (HMs) contaminated water and soil. In this study, metal tolerant urease-producing bacterial isolates, namely UR1, UR16, UR20 and UR21, were selected based on their urease activity. The efficiency of these isolates in water for Pb and Cd immobilization was explored. Our results revealed that UR21 had the highest removal rates of Pb (81.9%) and Cd (65.0%) in solution within 72 h through MICP. The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray and x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the structure and the existence of PbCO3 and CdCO3 crystals in the precipitates. In addition, the strain UR21, in combination with urea/eggshell waste (EGS) or both, was further employed to investigate the effect of MICP on soil enzymatic activity, chemical fractions and bioavailability of Pb and Cd. The outcomes indicated that the applied treatments reduced the proportion of soluble-exchangeable Pb and Cd, resulted an increment in carbonated bound Pb and Cd in the soil. The DTPA extractable Pb and Cd was reduced by 29.2% and 25.2% with the treatment of UR21 + urea + EGS as compared to the control. Besides, the application of UR21 and EGS significantly increased the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and enzyme activities. Our findings may provide a novel perceptive for an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to remediate heavy metal contaminated environment through a combination of metal-resistant ureolytic bacterial strain and EGS.

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