The Influence of Temperature Testing on the Technical Data of Cementing Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kruchinin ◽  
Liana Garayshina ◽  
Elena Farafontova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Plane Convex ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Optical Surfaces ◽  
Assembly Result

The problematic issues connected with the optical details deformations that arise during the temperature tests of cemented assemblies are considered. Climatic tests of optical devices after assembly result in a change of technical product characteristics. The research problem is to define how N and ∆N of surfaces of cemented optical assemblies are changing after the temperature testing. The research objects are plane convex lenses fabricated of LK7 (LZOS) glass brand and plane concave lenses - of TF7 (LZOS). Before cementing, the bounded surfaces cleaning by the hydromechanical method in the clean room has been purged. The temperature testing of samples is held at 22, 50 and 65 °C. The effect of temperature on a surface deformation of cemented optical assemblies is experimentally established. The comparison of effect of optical cements OK72FT5 and OK72FT15 on the optical surfaces deformation is carried out. In this paper we have compared the results of shape accuracy of the external surfaces of optical assemblies and the flat surfaces. Interferograms of lenses after heat treatment of optical assemblies are presented. It is determined that the cement polymerization temperature equals or higher than the test temperature.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature on tacticity for bulk thermal polymerization of styrene

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Ziaee ◽  
Mehdi Nekoomanesh ◽  
Hamid Salehi Mobarakeh ◽  
Hassan Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Deuterated Chloroform ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
Aromatic Carbon ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThree types of polystyrenes were prepared at different temperatures of 50, 150 and 250°C by bulk thermal polymerization of styrene below 20 percent of conversion. The assignment of all stereosequences at pentad level of quaternary aromatic carbon and hexad level of methylene carbon of the polystyrenes were done using 13C Liquid NMR in deuterated chloroform at similar conditions. Bernoullian and first-order Markov statistics were calculated and the results were compared with experimental NMR results. It is shown that first-order Markov statistics fit slightly better than Bernoullian statistics for the assigned carbons. The results indicated that by increasing polymerization temperature the probability of meso addition (Pm) in polystyrene chains was enhanced. Pm was calculated for polystyrenes prepared at 50, 150 and 250°C and corresponding values were 0.378, 0.398 and 0.402 respectively. It was shown that by increasing temperature the polymerization is directed toward the Bernoullian propagation. By increasing the NMR acquisition temperature from 20 to 65°C higher resolution especially in quaternary aromatic carbon was achieved and the related peak was splitted to 16 peaks corresponding to a heptad level compared to 10 peaks in 20°C.

An Effect of the Epoxy Cementing Technology on the Deformation of the Optical External Surfaces Made of Quartz Glass

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1099-1103
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kruchinin ◽  
Yulia Aleshina ◽  
Elena Farafontova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Quartz Glass ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Plane Convex ◽  
Surface Deformations

The problematic issues, associated with deformations of the outer surfaces of optical parts made of quartz glass, due to the process of cementing, are considered. The effect of the heat treatment temperature of optical assemblies, consisting of parts made of quartz glass and cementing with epoxy cements OK-72FT5 and OK-72FT15, on the deformation of external surfaces was experimentally established. The object of the study was plane-convex and plane-concave lenses made of quartz glass. It has been stated, that on cementing with optical epoxy cements OK72FT5 and OK72FT15 the external quartz glass surface deformations depend primarily on the heat treatment temperature. When cementing parts are made of quartz glass, increasing the polymerization temperature improves the performance characteristics of products and reduces changes in their optical characteristics.

Design of Precise Lightweight Mirror

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2717-2722
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vít ◽  
Radek Melich ◽  
Jan Václavík ◽  
Vít Lédl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Optical Surfaces ◽  
Lightweight Structure ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The presented paper shows results from the mechanical design of lightweight mirrors for space applications, where demand for maximum weight loss goes together with demands for sufficient strength, shape accuracy, and surface quality of optical surfaces. The paper illustrates the material properties of different materials, which are often used for manufacturing precise optics. It compares three materials – e.g. optical glass such as NFS-15, optical ceramic such as Zerodur, and Silicon-infiltrated sintered Silicon Carbide – from the point of view of suitability for machining and their mechanical and thermal properties. It also shows the possibility of mass reduction by using different geometries of lightweight structure. Paper shows the results of numerical simulations of specified load-cases and comparison of different lightweight structures and different materials with respect to their strength and stiffness.

scholarly journals First Steps towards Understanding the Non-Linear Impact of Mg on Calcite Solubility: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Janou A. Koskamp ◽  
Sergio E. Ruiz Ruiz Hernandez ◽  
Nora H. De Leeuw ◽  
Mariette Wolthers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Local Dissolution

Magnesium (Mg2+) is one of the most common impurities in calcite and is known to have a non-linear impact on the solubility of magnesian calcites. Using molecular dynamics (MD), we observed that Mg2+ impacts overall surface energies, local free energy profiles, interfacial water density, structure and dynamics and, at higher concentrations, it also causes crystal surface deformation. Low Mg concentrations did not alter the overall crystal structure, but stabilised Ca2+ locally and tended to increase the etch pit nucleation energy. As a result, Ca-extraction energies over a wide range of 39 kJ/mol were observed. Calcite surfaces with an island were less stable compared to flat surfaces, and the incorporation of Mg2+ destabilised the island surface further, increasing the surface energy and the calcium extraction energies. In general, Ca2+ is less stable in islands of high Mg2+ concentrations. The local variation in free energies depends on the amount and distance to nearest Mg in addition to local disruption of interfacial water and the flexibility of surface carbonate ions to rotate. The result is a complex interplay of these characteristics that cause variability in local dissolution energies. Taken together, these results illustrate molecular scale processes behind the non-linear impact of Mg2+ concentration on the solubility of magnesium-bearing calcites.

In-process monitoring of shape accuracy of flat surfaces of optical and microelectronic components in polishing

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Filatov ◽  
V. I. Sidorko ◽  
S. V. Kovalev ◽  
O. Yu. Filativ ◽  
G. Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Microelectronic Components

Stress and Strain Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Impacted by Temperature and Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1177-1184
Author(s):  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Pavement Structure

Temperature and load are the major factors of road surface deformation. This paper studies how the temperature causes the road surface deformation and what the deformation trend is. A simplified model of the pavement structure and double round load loading mode were adopted respectively to analyze the stress and strain changes of road surface result of the load and the coupling effect of temperature and load. The major conclusions drew on this study are: stiffness modulus of asphalt mixture attenuates rapidly as the temperature increases, and thereby results in a significant shear deformation of asphalt pavement. At the same temperature, compressive stress decreases with the increasing of load and the deepening of the pavement structure. The influence of coupling effect of temperature and load is more significant than a single temperature or load factor. Under different coupling effect of temperature and load circumstances, the pavement structure influenced mostly by the shear stress is located 3-9cm underneath the surface.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Wear Resistance of Forging Tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1567-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zwierzchowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Fem Modeling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Diffusion Layers

AbstractThe durability of forging tools is a function of many variables: tool heat treatment, surface quality, temperature, pressure, number of forgings, diffusion layers (nitriding) and many others. The objective of study was to analyze and compare the working conditions of forging tools. For the analysis of selected flat surfaces of tools. Analyzed forging dies subjected to normal use. Presented results of laboratory tests . The effect of temperature and time on the properties of the surface layer of forging tools. The results were compared with the literature data. This article shows the results of microhardness tests for forging dies which have forged the corresponding number of forgings. The results of laboratory studies on microhardness of hot working steel 1.2344 in the furnace at various temperatures and time are also presented. The working conditions of the forging tools are very complex. The most often described in the literature are: thermal fatigue, abrasive wear, mechanical fatigue and cracks. The article discusses the effects of increased temperature on the surface properties of forging tools. Forging dies were made of hot work tool steel 1.2344. FEM modeling of changes in the surface layer should take into account changes in tool hardness as a function of time (number of forgings).

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIATION DOSE OF He+ AND N+ IONS ON SURFACE SWELLING AT GRAIN INTERIOR AND GRAIN BOUNDARY IN TYPE 316 STAINLESS STEEL

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LIU ◽  
T. MITAMURA ◽  
M. TERASAWA ◽  
A. YAMAMOTO ◽  
H. TSUBAKINO
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Doses

Austenitic stainless steel specimens of type 316SS were irradiated by 200 keV He + ions or 200 keV N + ions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study the fine surface deformation of the irradiated specimens. At the high temperatures of He + ion irradiation, distinct swelling was observed at grain interior and grain boundaries by AFM and helium bubbles were found by TEM. It is suggested that helium atoms agglomerate in high doses and high temperatures. The nanometer-level step height of surface swelling induced by He + ion irradiation has obvious dependence on the irradiation dose and temperature. In the case of N + ion irradiation, the swelling was observed at grain interior but the step height was less remarkable than in the case of He + ions. The swelling is induced by void formation. The caved-in grain boundaries were recognized in N + ion irradiated area.

Measurement of Radius of Curvature by Coordinate Measurement Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenq Tsong Chang ◽  
Wei Cheng Lin ◽  
Ting Ming Huang ◽  
Ming Ying Hsu ◽  
Po Hsuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Coordinate Measurement ◽  
Coordinate Measurement Machine ◽  
Optical Surfaces ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Measuring Machine

Radius of curvature is one of the key parameters of optical components. A variety of methods have been developed for this measurement. This paper describes a novel way, named “CMM spherometry by probe compensation”, to measure the radius of curvature of optical surfaces by coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement combines CMM measurement and iteration calculation scheme is presented. The measurement results of CMM and the trace samples are compared. The effect of temperature compensation is discussed.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

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