scholarly journals Retaining Residual Ovarian Tissue following Ovarian Failure Has Limited Influence on Bone Loss in Aged Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zelieann R. Craig ◽  
Samuel L. Marion ◽  
Janet L. Funk ◽  
Mary L. Bouxsein ◽  
Patricia B. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Young Mice

Previous work showed that retaining residual ovarian tissue protects young mice from accelerated bone loss following ovarian failure. The present study was designed to determine whether this protection is also present in aged animals. Aged (9–12 months) C57BL/6Hsd female mice were divided into: CON (vehicle), VCD (160 mg/kg; 15d), or OVX (ovariectomized). Lumbar BMD was monitored by DXA andμCT used to assess vertebral microarchitecture. BMD was not different between VCD and CON at any time point but was lower (P<.05) than baseline, starting 1 month after ovarian failure in VCD and OVX mice. FollowingμCT analysis there were no differences between CON and VCD, but OVX mice had lower bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and a trend for decreased connectivity density. These findings provide evidence that retention of residual ovarian tissue may protect aged follicle-depleted mice from accelerated bone loss to a lesser extent than that observed in young mice.

scholarly journals AB0099 IN VIVO BONE MICROARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS IN A PSORIATIC ARTHRITIC PATIENT BEFORE AND AFTER ANTI-TNFΑ TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1078.3-1078
Author(s):  
E. Soldati ◽  
L. Escoffier ◽  
S. Gabrie ◽  
J. P. Mattei ◽  
S. Camilleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Before And After

Background:In psoriatic arthritis (PA), a systemic inflammatory phenomenon, mainly mediated by TNFα, is characterized by a bone loss due to osteoclastic stimulation. Anti-TNFα treatment should inhibit this phenomenon having a role on systemic bone loss. Ultra-high field MRI (UHF MRI) may be a tool of choice for the quantification of bone microarchitecture (BM) in vivo.Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to quantify BM using UHF MRI in a PA patient and to follow up changes related to anti-TNFα treatment.Methods:An 18 years-old untreated PA patient with knee arthritis and 7 gender-matched healthy controls [21.6±0.8 years] were scanned using a gradient echo sequence at UHF MRI (TR/TE = 15/4.36ms). After a year of Adalimumab treatment, the patient underwent a second UHF MRI. BM analysis was performed on sagittal planes in regions corresponding to tendon insertion: proximal and distal patellar, and posterior tibial. A PET-FNa imaging was also performed before and after treatment. BM was characterized using the bone volume fraction (BVF), the trabecular thickness (TbTh) and the spacing (TbSp) and number of trabeculae (TbN). Student T-test was used for the statistical analysis and a p-value < 0.01 was considered as significative.Results:PET-FNa recorded before the treatment illustrated hypermetabolic areas which resumed after the treatment while the patient was in remission. The BM parameters are shown in figure 1. The BM parameters quantified before the treatment were very different as compared to controls. BVF was significatively lower (-33±23%), TbSp and TbN were significatively distinct (-27±3% and +27±9%) for all ROIs but proximal patellar, while TbTh was in the normal range (-2±2%). After 1 year of treatment, BM parameters were significantly improved. BVF was no longer different than controls (-8±6%). Similarly, TbSp and TbN were in the normal range (+13±12% and -15±10%) for all ROIs but posterior tibial. TbTh (-5±3%) was only significantly decreased for the distal patella.Table 1. Data are presented as mean ± SD. “P.” refers as patient. BVF: Bone volume fraction, TbTh: Trabecular Thickness, TbSp: Trabecular Space, TbN: Trabecular number. * indicates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) with the Healthy reference values.Conclusion:Our results illustrated knee microstructure alterations in a PA patient and a normalization after a year of treatment. The abnormalities initially observed were not only localized in the hypermetabolic regions identified by PET-FNa, suggesting that the bone loss was global and not related to inflammatory sites.Using UHF MRI, we highlighted and quantified in vivo BM anomalies in a patient with an inflammatory rheumatism together with the reversibility after one year of treatment.Acknowledgements:All the authors declare no conflict of interest.ES has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No713750. Also, it has been carried out with the financial support of the Regional Council of Provence- Alpes-Côte d’Azur and with the financial support of the A*MIDEX (n° ANR- 11-IDEX-0001-02), funded by the “Investissements d’Avenir” project funded by the French Government, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). edgements to declare.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The plate-to-rod transition in trabecular bone loss is elusive

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 201401
Author(s):  
A. A. Felder ◽  
S. Monzem ◽  
R. De Souza ◽  
B. Javaheri ◽  
D. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Bone Loss ◽  
Mouse Tibia ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in trabecular micro-architecture are key to our understanding of osteoporosis. Previous work focusing on structure model index (SMI) measurements have concluded that disease progression entails a shift from plates to rods in trabecular bone, but SMI is heavily biased by bone volume fraction. As an alternative to SMI, we proposed the ellipsoid factor (EF) as a continuous measure of local trabecular shape between plate-like and rod-like extremes. We investigated the relationship between EF distributions, SMI and bone volume fraction of the trabecular geometry in a murine model of disuse osteoporosis as well as from human vertebrae of differing bone volume fraction. We observed a moderate shift in EF median (at later disease stages in mouse tibia) and EF mode (in the vertebral samples with low bone volume fraction) towards a more rod-like geometry, but not in EF maximum and minimum. These results support the notion that the plate to rod transition does not coincide with the onset of bone loss and is considerably more moderate, when it does occur, than SMI suggests. A variety of local shapes not straightforward to categorize as rod or plate exist in all our trabecular bone samples.

scholarly journals Radioprotective Effect of Sodium Selenite on Mandible of Irradiated Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Mayra Cristina Yamasaki ◽  
Rocharles CavalcanteFontenele ◽  
Yuri Nejaim ◽  
Deborah Queiroz Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the radioprotective effect of selenium in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated rats mandibles. Forty rats were separated into 4 groups with 10 animals: control group (CG), irradiated group (IG), sodium selenite group (SSG) and sodium selenite irradiated group (SSIG). A single dose of 0.8 mg/kg sodium selenite was administered intraperitoneally in the SSG and SSIG groups. One hour later, animals of IG and SSIG groups were irradiated with 15 Gy of x-rays. Forty days after radiation a bilateral extraction of the mandibular first molars was performed. After the extraction procedure, five rats were killed after fifteen days and others five after thirty days. Micro- computed tomography was used to evaluate cortical and trabecular bone of each rat. The mean and standard deviation of each bone microarchitecture parameter were analyzed using the statistical test of two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). At 15 days, the bone volume presented higher values in the CG and SSG groups (p=0.001). The same groups presented statistically significant higher values when bone volume fraction (p<0.001) and trabecular thickness (p<0.001) were analyzed. At 30 days, it was observed that in relation to the bone volume fraction, SSG group presented the highest value while SSIG group had the lowest value, with statistically significant difference (p=0.016). Sodium selenite demonstrated a median radioprotective effect in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated mandibles, which indicates the substance may be a potential radioprotective agent against chronic effects of high doses of ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals In vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation of rat alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ru ◽  
Sean Shih-Yao Liu ◽  
Li Zhuang ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Yuxing Bai
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the real-time microarchitecture changes of the alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A 10 g force was delivered to move the maxillary left first molars mesially in twenty 10-week-old rats for 14 days. The first molar and adjacent alveolar bone were scanned using in vivo microcomputed tomography at the following time points: days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Microarchitecture parameters, including bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation of alveolar bone, were measured on the compression and tension side. The total root volume was measured, and the resorption crater volume at each time point was calculated. Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare the differences in each parameter between time points with significance level at P &lt; .05. Results: From day 3 to day 7, bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation decreased significantly on the compression side, but the same parameters increased significantly on the tension side from day 7 to day 14. Root resorption volume of the mesial root increased significantly on day 7 of orthodontic loading. Conclusions: Real-time root and bone resorption during orthodontic movement can be observed in 3 dimensions using in vivo micro-CT. Alveolar bone resorption and root resorption were observed mostly in the apical third on day 7 on the compression side; bone formation was observed on day 14 on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals The Incorporation of Platelet-rich Plasma into Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhances Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6;17 (6;12) ◽  
pp. E737-E745
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for osteoplasty. However, previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of PMMA due to its excessive stiffness and heat production. Recently, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that overcomes those negative effects has been successfully applied in osteoplasty. The potential problem of CPC is markedly less initial stiffness. It leads to progressive, repeated collapse in the treated vertebra before CPC has been replaced by new bone that would provide substantial improvement in compressive strength and stiffness. The activated platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) release a high concentration of growth factors which play an important role in bone healing. Objective: To investigate whether PRP could accelerate the osteoconduction of CPC and enhance the bone strength of the treated vertebra in an animal model. Study Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: Laboratory animal study, Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 8 weeks of age. After 3 months, they were randomly divided into 4 groups and received cement augmentation in the fifth caudal spine with different filler materials; sham-operated rats (S), PMMA (P), CPC (C), and CPC + PRP (CP). Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular type-associated morphological parameters, including trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the augmented caudal spine, were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (mirco-CT) 2 weeks after the cementoplasty. Histological analysis was also performed to compare the bone regeneration. Results: The trabecular bone volume fraction in the CP group was significantly greater than those of all the other groups. Trabecular thickness was higher in the CP group than the S and P groups. This augmented trabecular structure in the CP group accordingly showed higher BMD. Histological evaluations showed significantly more bone regeneration in the CP group. Limitations: There has been a concern that the effect of PRP would be dependent on the species, and might show different results in humans. Baseline values of micro-CT analysis were not measured, which could have provided exact evidence of the changes in trabecular microarchitecture parameters and cement resorption profiles. Finally, caudal vertebrae with filler materials used in biological study should have been compared by their mechanical properties using biomechanical evaluations for a more coherent study, which was not possible due to technical problems. Conclusions: Incorporating PRP into CPC could accelerate osteoconduction in the augmented vertebra leading to improvement of trabecular bone microarchitecture and BMD in rats. Key words: Bone mineral density, calcium phosphates, cementoplasty, histology, osteoconduction, osteoporosis, platelet-rich plasma, polymethyl methacrylate, vertebra

Reduced Gap Strains Induce Changes in Bone Regeneration During Distraction

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Richards ◽  
N. A. Waanders ◽  
J. A. Weiss ◽  
V. Bhatia ◽  
L. E. Senunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Limb Lengthening ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Nutrient Delivery

A bilateral New Zealand white rabbit model of distraction osteogenesis (DO) was used to investigate the relationship between strain environment and bone regeneration during limb lengthening. In seven (n = 7) rabbits, a stiffener was applied to the fixator on one side to reduce strains within the gap tissue after lengthening was completed. Animals were euthanized six days later and their distraction zones were harvested and analyzed for changes in new bone volume and architecture. Nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) were performed to predict changes in the gap strain environment. FEA results predicted a nearly uniform sevenfold decrease in average strain measures within the distraction zone. No change in total average new bone volume and significant decreases in both bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were observed in tibiae in which gap strains were reduced experimentally, compared to contralateral controls. These results suggest that fixator stiffening influenced the architecture but not the amount of newly formed bone. This animal model of distraction might be used to study the mechanisms by which strain fields affect events in bone repair and regeneration, such as cell proliferation, precursor tissue differentiation, and altered growth factor and nutrient delivery to tissues.

scholarly journals Effects of Leukocyte-Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Alveolar Bone Changes During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rabbits: A Micro-CT Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Theerasak Nakornnoi ◽  
Chidchanok Leethanakul ◽  
Bancha Samruajbenjakun
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Trabecular Separation

Objective: To investigate the effects of leukocyte-platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) on the alveolar bone changes at the compression and tension sides during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Around 20 New Zealand white rabbits were used in a split-mouth design. The maxillary first premolar was moved mesially with a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring. One side of the maxilla was randomly injected with L-PRP, while the contralateral side served as the control which received normal saline. The alveolar bone adjacent to the maxillary first premolar was scanned using microcomputed tomography at days 0, 7, 14, and 28. Microstructural parameters including bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation of alveolar bone were assessed on the compression and tension sides of the maxillary first premolar. Results: Compared between the groups, the L-PPR group showed a significantly decreased bone volume fraction on the compression side on days 7 and 14 but significantly increased bone volume fraction on the tension side on day 14. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters of trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Conclusion: Local administration of L-PRP may promote bone resorption on the compression side and bone formation on the tension side at the initial stage of orthodontic tooth movement.

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