scholarly journals Improved salinity tolerance in early growth stage of maize through salicylic acid foliar application

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Sultan ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Umer Chattha ◽  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Stress Markers

Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m–1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, malondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline), hormones [indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene], element (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) concentration and content in roots, stem and leaves. Salinity severely affected maize growth (–26% total dry weight), impaired leaf water status (–31% RWC), reduced photosynthetic pigments, enhanced all antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers, two osmo-regulating compounds (soluble sugars and proline) out of four, and all hormones except GA. SA was shown effective in containing most of the stress effects, while supporting plant defences by upgrading antioxidant activities (reduced oxidative stress markers), increasing cell membrane stability (–24% EL) and leaf water status (+20% RWC), and reducing plant stress signalling (–10% ABA and -20% ethylene). Above all, SA contrasted the massive entry of noxious ions (Na+ and Cl–), in favour of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation. Lastly, salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline condition, suggesting a potential use in normal field conditions. Highlights - Foliar applied salicylic acid alleviated salinity effects on maize growth at early plant stage. - Salicylic acid improved leaf water status, chlorophyll content, and strengthened anti-oxidant enzymes under salinity. - Salicylic acid reduced oxidative stress markers while enhancing osmo-regulating and hormonal responses to salinity. - Salicylic acid hampered Na and Cl entry and translocation to above ground organs, preserving leaf cell membrane integrity. - Salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline conditions.

Effects ofPistacia atlanticaon Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes Expression in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Bagheri ◽  
Mostafa Moradi Sarabi ◽  
Peyman Khosravi ◽  
Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi ◽  
Saeid Veiskarami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers

scholarly journals Physiochemical Studies of Sodium Chloride on Mungbean (Vigna radiataL. Wilczek) and Its Possible Recovery with Spermine and Gibberellic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijita Ghosh ◽  
Sanglap Mitra ◽  
Atreyee Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Low Concentrations

The physiological and biochemical responses to increasing NaCl concentrations, along with low concentrations of gibberellic acid or spermine, either alone or in their combination, were studied in mungbean seedlings. In the test seedlings, the root-shoot elongation, biomass production, and the chlorophyll content were significantly decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Salt toxicity severely affected activities of different antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increased significantly over water control. Similarly, oxidative stress markers such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents also increased as a result of progressive increase in salt stress. Combined application of NaCl along with low concentrations of either gibberellic acid (5 µM) or spermine (50 µM) in the test seedlings showed significant alterations, that is, drastic increase in seedling elongation, increased biomass production, increased chlorophyll content, and significant lowering in all the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as oxidative stress marker contents in comparison to salt treated test seedlings, leading to better growth and metabolism. Our study shows that low concentrations of either gibberellic acid or spermine will be able to overcome the toxic effects of NaCl stress in mungbean seedlings.

scholarly journals Sulphoraphane Supplementation Ameliorates Behavioural Impairments and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Induced by Lead Exposure in Adult Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Babatunde Ogunlade ◽  
◽  
Olasumbo Afolayan ◽  
Sunday Adelakun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Group B ◽  
Behavioural Tests

Lead (Pb) exposure induces oxidative stress causing imbalance in antioxidant enzymes, cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of sulphoraphane (SFN) on Pb-induced neurotoxicity of adult Wistar rats. Forty animals (150 ± 20 g) were divided into four groups (n=10): Group A received normal saline as placebo; Group B received 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) of Lead only; Group C received a combination of 50 mg/kg bw of Lead and 50 mg/kg bw of SFN; Group D received 50 mg/kg bw of SFN only. All administration was through oral gavages for 28 days; animals underwent behavioural tests (Morris water and Y- mazes); and thereafter sacrificed and brains extracted. Biochemical estimations of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and catalase), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide), neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and hippocampal histology were done. The results showed significant increase in escape latency, norepinephrine and oxidative stress markers with concomitant decrease percentage correct alternation, serotonin, dopamine and antioxidant enzymes in Pb exposed rats compared with the control. However, the co-administration of SFN and Pb significantly attenuated Pb neurotoxicity. Sulphoraphane is capable of ameliorating oxidative stress induced neurobehavioural deficits and hippocampal neurochemistry caused by Pb exposure in Alzheimer’s type animal model of neurodegenerative disorder.

scholarly journals Effect of the Antihypertensive Drug Enalapril on Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes in Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chandran ◽  
K. N. S. Sirajudeen ◽  
Nik Syamimi Nik Yusoff ◽  
M. Swamy ◽  
Mutum S. Samarendra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Enalapril Treatment

Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in hypertension and hypertension induced organ damage. This study examined the effect of enalapril, an antihypertensive drug, on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered SHR. Male rats were divided into four groups (SHR, SHR+enalapril, SHR+L-NAME, and SHR+enalapril+L-NAME). Enalapril (30 mg kg−1day−1) was administered from week 4 to week 28 and L-NAME (25 mg kg−1day−1) was administered from week 16 to week 28 in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured during the experimental period. At the end of experimental periods, rats were sacrificed; urine, blood, and kidneys were collected for the assessment of creatinine clearance, total protein, total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as histopathological examination. Enalapril treatment significantly enhanced the renal TAS level (P<0.001) and SOD activity (P<0.001), reduced the TBARS levels (P<0.001), and also prevented the renal dysfunction and histopathological changes. The results indicate that, besides its hypotensive and renoprotective effects, enalapril treatment also diminishes oxidative stress in the kidneys of both the SHR and SHR+L-NAME groups.

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