scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo A. Sowunmi ◽  
Gbolagade Amoo ◽  
Peter O. Onifade ◽  
Adegboyega Ogunwale ◽  
Emmanuel Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Despite several studies on the prevalence and pattern of substance use in Nigeria, there is little information on substance use in patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BD).Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of psychoactive substance use among outpatients with BD and schizophrenia.Setting: The study was conducted in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria.Methods: Seventy five consecutive patients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of BD were compared with an equal number of patients obtained by systematic random sampling with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of schizophrenia.Results: The respondents with schizophrenia were aged 18–59 years (37.2 ± 9.99) and were predominantly young adult (49, 65.3%), men (46, 61.3%), who were never married (38, 50.7%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 52%, while for current use, overall prevalence was 21.3%. Participants with BD were aged 18–63 years (36.7 ± 10.29) and were predominantly young adult (53, 70.7%), women (44, 58.7%), who were married (32, 42.7%), with tertiary education (31, 41.3%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 46.7%, while current overall prevalence was 17.3%. These rates (lifetime and current) for both diagnostic groups are higher than what was reported by the World Health Organization in the global status report of 2014 (0% – 16%). The statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic groups was related to their sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychoactive substance use.Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use remains a burden in the care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and BD. Future policies should incorporate routine screening for substance use at the outpatient department with a view to stemming the tide of this menace.

Psychoactive Substance Use among Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: Prevalence and Association with Anxiety and Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbote, J. A. ◽  
Omigbodun O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Psychoactive substance use among adolescents is a global public health problem and a serious concern for mental health professionals especially when co-morbid with anxiety and depression. The current study determined the prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use and its association with anxiety, depression and sociodemographic correlates. Participants (n=1059) completed the Socio-demographic Data Schedule, the World Health Organization (WHO) Student Drug Use Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The lifetime prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was 57.2%. Logistic regression revealed that adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was increased three-fold by anxiety and it was significantly and independently predicted by older age, poor academic performance, family background, low social class and parental drug use (p< 0.05). This suggests that anxiety among other factors should be particularly sought among adolescents with substance use problems.

scholarly journals Impulsivity and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e1334
Author(s):  
Nicole Guadalupe Vallejo Alviter ◽  
Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽  
Catalina Francisca González Forteza ◽  
Fernando Wagner Echeagaray
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it is necessary to design interventions that favor management of emotions and decision making in adolescents, as well as the participation of the family in substance use prevention programs. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychoactive substance use among acutely hospitalised patients in Oslo and Moscow: a cross-sectional, observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032572
Author(s):  
Danil Gamboa ◽  
Benedicte Jørgenrud ◽  
Evgeny A Bryun ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
Evgenya A Koshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Medicinal Drug

ObjectivesThe use of psychoactive prescription medication is increasing in the general population. This is a cause for concern, particularly among the elderly, where physiological changes related to senescence increase the risk for adverse effects. While previous studies regarding psychoactive substance use have generally been population based, we sought to determine the frequency of such use among acutely hospitalised patients.SettingTwo emergency departments (EDs), one in Oslo and one in Moscow, admitting patients to Departments of Internal Medicine.Participants5583 patients aged ≥18 years participated, distributed evenly between genders and study locations. Patients unable to give informed consent were excluded. The study sites did not admit patients with surgical conditions and/or injuries.Primary and secondary outcomesThe presence of psychoactive substances was determined through blood analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Secondary outcomes comprised demographic data (including age, gender, employment and marital status), degree of psychological distress, concurrent alcohol use, and self-reported alcohol, psychoactive drug and illicit substance use.Results32.3% in Oslo and 12% in Moscow were positive for one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs (benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, opioids or barbiturates). In Oslo, medicinal drug use was associated with being aged 61 to 70 years (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.58) compared with 18 to 40 years, and psychological distress (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.06 to 3.30). In Moscow, psychoactive medicinal drug use was also associated with psychological distress (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.39), and was less common among patients aged 41 to 60 years (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88) than among patients aged 18 to 40 years.ConclusionA significant proportion of admitted patients used one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs, in particular benzodiazepines (Oslo and Moscow) and opiates (Oslo). We suggest formalised screening for inappropriate prescription drug use and increased adherence to clinical prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Health Consequences of Psychoactive Substance Use among Senior Secondary School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Winifred A Ojieabu ◽  
Shakirat I Bello ◽  
John E Arute ◽  
Adebukola A Tijani ◽  
Lionel O Okunye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

The rate of psychoactive substance (PAS) use in the adolescent group is increasing around the world. Drug abuse has a negative impact on students’ education especially that of secondary school students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and knowledge of the health consequences among secondary school students in Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 528 consenting students selected using random sampling method. Data obtained using a validated modified World Health Organization’s guidelines questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS 20, p-Value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Majority (78.8%) were within the age group 15-18 years, males were 61.4%. Alcohol (95.0%) ranked first of all the substances been consumed among the current PAS users. Age was highly significantly associated with PAS use. Average knowledge of health consequences of PAS use was 11.5%. There is need for continuous health educational intervention to boost the respondents’ knowledge about health consequences of uses of psychoactive substances. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 199-205, 2020 (December)

scholarly journals Relationships between coping strategies and psychoactive substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Danica Keczeli
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

The study examines the relationship between coping strategies and smoking and alcohol consumption among athletes, recreational athletes and non-athlete individuals. The factors examined were measured by a validated questionnaire version of Folkman-Lazarus (1980) (Ways of coping) (16 items) and asked about the smoking and alcohol consumption patterns of the respondents. The total sample number was 813 people, of whom 341 were athletes, 292 were recreational and 180 were non-athletes. 54.4% of the sample is female and 45.6% is male. In my research, I focused on mapping intrapersonal coping strategies among athletes, recreational athletes, and the non-athlete individuals, and explored gender differences. Furthermore, how smoking and alcohol consumption appear as a negative coping strategy in the measured sample. As a method besides descriptive statistics the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify normality, and the hypotheses were tested with non-parameterized test (Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney). For coping strategies I found a significant difference among the non-, recreational and competitive athletes, and there is a significant difference between genders as well. In the case of cognitive restructurings, there was a significant difference in favor of sports and recreational athletes versus non-athletes, while in problem analysis and passive coping I found a significant difference in favor of women compared to men. Significant differences were also found in the case of psychoactive substance use. Among the three groups, as the intensity of sport increases, the number of smokers decreases. In the case of smoking, a significant difference was found in the coping strategies referring to reduction of the stress in the whole sample. In the case of alcohol consumption, in coping strategies were found significant differences between stress reduction, problem analysis and passive coping. JEL CODE: M21, O21 ARTICLE IN PRESS!

Mental illnesses and related vulnerabilities in the Hijra community: A cross-sectional study from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402095077
Author(s):  
Deepak Sartaj ◽  
Vijay Krishnan ◽  
Ravindra Rao ◽  
Atul Ambekar ◽  
Neeraj Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychosocial Adversity ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: The Hijra community is a cultural and gender grouping in South Asia broadly similar to western transgender communities, but with literature suggesting some differences in gender experience and patterns of psychosocial adversity. The present study aims to describe patterns of mental illness and psychoactive substance use in Hijra subjects and study their association with gender experience and psychosocial adversity. Methods: Fifty self-identified Hijras availing HIV-prevention services in New Delhi, India, were interviewed. Data on mental disorders, psychoactive substance use, quality of life, discrimination, empowerment, violence and gender identity were assessed using structured instruments. Results: Subjects were mostly in their mid-twenties, and had joined the Hijra community in their mid-teens. More subjects (46%) were involved in begging than in traditional Hijra roles (38%). Sex work was reported by 28% subjects. The rates of lifetime mental illness was 38%, most commonly alcohol abuse (26%); others had anxiety or depressive disorders (8% each), somatoform disorders (6%) and bulimia nervosa ( n = 1). Disempowerment was mostly experienced in domains of autonomy and community participation; 52% had experienced sexual or psychological violence. Discrimination was attributed to gender (100%), appearance (28%) or sexual orientation (28%). There were negative correlations between the physical domain of WHO-QOL and physical violence and depression scores; and between discrimination and WHO-QOL environmental, physical and psychological domains. Conclusions: This Hijra group showed high rates of mental disorder and substance involvement, related to QOL domains and experiences of discrimination and disempowerment.

scholarly journals Influence of Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use in Mexican Municipalities on Early Childhood Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10027
Author(s):  
Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Copytzy Cruz-Cruz ◽  
Jorge-Ameth Villatoro-Velázquez ◽  
Juan-Manuel Martínez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Children’s early development is influenced by characteristics of the child, family, and environment, including exposure to substance abuse. The aim was to examine the association of early childhood development (ECD) with the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Mexican municipalities. We obtained ECD data from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the ECD Index. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use was estimated at the municipal level, using the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (ENCODAT, for its Spanish acronym). Multilevel logistic models were fitted to evaluate the association between drug use and inadequacies in ECD overall and in four specific ECD domains: socio-emotional, literacy-numeric, learning, and physical. Inadequate ECD was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15). These findings suggest that exposure to illegal drug use may influence ECD, and especially can lead to socio-emotional problems, although this cannot be considered the unanimous determinant of the problems presented. The implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent drug abuse is necessary.

scholarly journals Psychoactive Substance and Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian Secondary Schools Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Deborah O. Onisile ◽  
Bede C. Akpunne ◽  
Oluseyi A. Alakija
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Aim: Abuse of psychoactive substances among secondary school adolescents is a huge problem globally. This study examined the influence of psychoactive substance use on psychopathological symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Ede, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design.              Place of Study: Redeemer’s University Ede Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: Four hundred and ninety-six (496) secondary school adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) were purposively selected from five secondary schools in Ede metropolis. Substance Abuse Inventory (SABI) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form-X) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were tested using a Regression Analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test and at 0.05% level of significance. Results: A high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms was observed among the participants. Psychoactive substance use was observed to jointly and significantly predict psychopathological symptoms (R² = .106, p = .001). Sex has significant influence on manifested psychopathological symptoms with female adolescents reporting higher mean scores on insomnia, intellect disorder, heat disorder, mood disorder, alimentary track disorder and general psychopathology. Age was observed to be inversely correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Significant difference was found between drug users and non-user on severities of psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: This research finding indicates a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms; that the use psychoactive substance is significantly linked the psychopathological symptoms and that age of involvement in psychoactive substance is also a significant risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents.

scholarly journals Uso de psicoativos enquanto hábito de sociabilidade: observações sobre as ruas da Cidade Baixa (Porto Alegre/RS)

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardel Fischer Loeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Chemical Dependence ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The City

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, em primeiro lugar, apontar para a possibilidade de definir as práticas de uso das substâncias psicoativas ilícitas a partir de um referencial positivo, ou ao menos não negativado de antemão, relacionando-as a práticas de sociabilidade, tal qual Simmel as definiu, e também a partir da ideia de hábito desenvolvida por Bachelard. Este percurso tem o intuito de contrapor estas práticas à negatividade da “dependência química” entendida como uma doença. Em um segundo momento são apresentadas reflexões iniciais a respeito de um circuito específico no qual são consumidas algumas dessas substâncias, e também no qual o uso das mesmas é, de certa forma, facilmente observado principalmente no período noturno: o bairro Cidade Baixa, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Palavras chave: Uso de drogas. Hábito. Sociabilidade.   Psychoactive substance use as habit of sociability: Comments on the Cidade Baixa streets in Porto Alegre/ RS  Abstract   At first, this article’s main objective is to emphasize the possibility of positive or not a priori negative interpretations concerning the uses of illicit psychoactive substances. Relating these practices to Simmel’s concept of sociability and Bachelard’s idea of habit, the intention is to oppose them to the negativity of the disease known as “chemical dependence”. In the second part of the text are presented initial reflections about a specific urban region in which some of these substances are consumed and, in a certain way, especially at night, it is a region that easily permits the observation of these practices: the district of Cidade Baixa, in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Keywords: Drug use. Habit. Sociability.

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