The impact of fungicide and herbicide timing on foliar disease severity, and barley productivity and quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
K. Xi ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
The Impact

Impact of influenza virus during pregnancy: from disease severity to vaccine efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Ana Vazquez-Pagan ◽  
Rebekah Honce ◽  
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Pregnant women are among the individuals at the highest risk for severe influenza virus infection. Infection of the mother during pregnancy increases the probability of adverse fetal outcomes such as small for gestational age, preterm birth and fetal death. Animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic mating can recapitulate the increased disease severity observed in pregnant women and are used to define the mechanism(s) of that increased severity. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis, the unique immunological landscape during pregnancy, the impact of maternal influenza virus infection on the fetus and the immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface. Finally, we summarize the importance of immunization and antiviral treatment in this population and highlight issues that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Updated overview on the interplay between obesity and COVID-19

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Onorato ◽  
Giovanni Carpenè ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Mairi Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Keywords Obesity ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a global health crisis and more than a million deaths so far. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are increasingly reported, along with its potential relationship with overweight and/or obesity. Therefore, we aim here to review the current scientific literature on the impact of overweight and/or obesity among hospitalized patients who have developed severe or critical forms of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, our literature search identified over 300 scientific articles using the keywords “obesity” and “COVID-19”, 22 of which were finally selected for reporting useful information on the association between overweight/obesity and disease severity. In particular, in 11 out of the 14 studies (79%) which evaluated the association between obesity and disease severity providing also a risk estimate (i.e., the odd ratio; OR), the OR value was constantly >2. Although the studies were found to be heterogeneous in terms of design, population, sample size and endpoints, in most cases a significant association was found between obesity and the risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 illness, intensive care unit admission and/or death. We can hence conclude that an increased body mass index shall be considered a negative prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19, and more aggressive prevention or treatment shall hence be reserved to overweight and/or obese patients.

scholarly journals Improving the Biocontrol Potential of Bacterial Antagonists with Salicylic Acid against Brown Rot Disease and Impact on Nectarine Fruits Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Nadia Lyousfi ◽  
Rachid Lahlali ◽  
Chaimaa Letrib ◽  
Zineb Belabess ◽  
Rachida Ouaabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of both antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SF14) and Alcaligenes faecalis (ACBC1) used in combination with salicylic acid (SA) to effectively control brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructigena. Four concentrations of salicylic acid (0.5%, 2%, 3.5%, and 5%) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the impact of biological treatments on nectarine fruit parameters’ quality, in particular, weight loss, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content, was evaluated. Regardless of the bacterium, the results indicated that all combined treatments displayed a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of M. fructigena and disease severity. Interestingly, all SA concentrations significantly improved the biocontrol activity of each antagonist. The mycelial growth inhibition rate ranged from 9.79% to 88.02% with the highest reduction rate recorded for bacterial antagonists in combination with SA at both concentrations of 0.5% and 3.5%. The in vivo results confirmed the in vitro results with a disease severity varying from 0.00% to 51.91%. A significant biocontrol improvement was obtained with both antagonistic bacteria when used in combination with SA at concentrations of 0.5% and 2%. The lowest disease severity observed with ACBC1 compared with SF14 is likely due to a rapid adaptation and increase of antagonistic bacteria population in wounded sites. The impact of all biological treatments revealed moderate significant changes in the fruit quality parameters with weight loss for several treatments. These results suggest that the improved disease control of both antagonistic bacteria was more likely directly linked to both the inhibitory effects of SA on pathogen growth and induced fruit resistance.

scholarly journals The interplay between environmental exposures and COVID-19 risks in the health of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
Brittany A. Trottier ◽  
Catherine M. Bulka ◽  
Stephania A. Cormier ◽  
Julius Fobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods An international group of researchers interested in children’s environmental health was invited to identify knowledge gaps and to develop research questions to close these gaps. Discussion Key research questions identified include: what are the effects of SAR-Cov-2 infection during pregnancy on the developing fetus and child; what is the impact of age at infection and genetic susceptibility on disease severity; why do some children with COVID-19 infection develop toxic shock and Kawasaki-like symptoms; what are the impacts of toxic environmental exposures including poor air quality, chemical and metal exposures on innate immunity, especially in the respiratory epithelium; what is the possible role of a “dirty” environment in conveying protection – an example of the “hygiene hypothesis”; and what are the long term health effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection in early life. Conclusion A concerted research effort by a multidisciplinary team of scientists is needed to understand the links between environmental exposures, especially air pollution and COVID-19. We call for specific research funding to encourage basic and clinical research to understand if/why exposure to environmental factors is associated with more severe disease, why children appear to be protected, and how innate immune responses may be involved. Lessons learned about SARS-Cov-2 infection in our children will help us to understand and reduce disease severity in adults, the opposite of the usual scenario.

Pulmonary function after COVID-19 infection and the impact of disease severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Thomas ◽  
Ha-Kyeong Won ◽  
Oliver Price ◽  
Woo-Jung Song ◽  
James Hull
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of multiple sclerosis severity on health state utility values: Evidence from Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnat Ahmad ◽  
Bruce V Taylor ◽  
Ingrid van der Mei ◽  
Sam Colman ◽  
Beth A O’Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Health State Utility ◽  
Health State ◽  
Utility Values ◽  
Health State Utility Values ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: The measurement of health state utility values (HSUVs) for a representative sample of Australian people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has not previously been performed. Objectives: Our main aim was to quantify the HSUVs for different levels of disease severities in Australian people with MS. Method: HSUVs were calculated by employing a ‘judgement-based’ method that essentially creates EQ-5D-3L profiles based on WHOQOL-100 responses and then applying utility weights to each level in each dimension. A stepwise linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between HSUVs and disease severity, classified as mild (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) levels: 0–3.5), moderate (EDSS levels: 4–6) and severe (EDSS levels: 6.5–9.5). Results: Mean HSUV for all people with MS was 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–0.54). Utility decreased with increasing disease severity: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.60–0.62), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.50–0.52) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.38–0.43) for mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively. Adjusted differences in mean HSUV between the three severity groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: For the first time in Australia, we have quantified the impact of increasing severity of MS on health utility of people with MS. The HSUVs we have generated will be useful in further health economic analyses of interventions that slow progression of MS.

THE IMPACT OF OUTPATIENT INHALED CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY ON DISEASE SEVERITY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

CHEST Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 16S
Author(s):  
Rosa Malo de Molina ◽  
Eric M. Mortensen ◽  
Patricia Castellanos-Matteus ◽  
Antonio Anzueto ◽  
Marcos I. Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Camptocormia in patients with multiple system atrophy at different disease durations: frequency and related factors

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yu Zhang ◽  
Bei Cao ◽  
Qian-Qian Wei ◽  
Ru Wei Ou ◽  
Bi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Camptocormia is common in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). The current study was aimed at assessing the frequency of camptocormia and its related factors in MSA patients with different disease durations. Also, the impact of camptocormia on disability was evaluated. Methods A total of 716 patients were enrolled in the study. They were classified into three groups based on disease duration (≤ 3, 3–5, ≥ 5 years). Specific scales were used to evaluate the motor and non-motor symptoms. Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS). The binary logistic regression model was used to explore the factors related to camptocormia. To analyze the impact of camptocormia on disability in patients with disease duration less than 5 years, propensity score matching (PSM) and stratified Cox regression analysis were used. Results In the current study, we found that the frequency of camptocormia was 8.9, 19.7 and 19.2% when the disease duration was ≤3, 3–5, ≥ 5 years, respectively. In the disease duration ≤3 years group, we found that MSA-parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) (OR = 2.043, P = 0.043), higher total UMSARS score (OR = 1.063, P < 0.001), older age of onset (OR = 1.047, P = 0.042), and lower score on the frontal assessment battery (FAB) (OR = 0.899, P = 0.046) were associated with camptocormia. Only greater disease severity was associated with camptocormia in the group of patients with disease duration 3–5 years (OR = 1.494, P = 0.025) and in the group of patients with disease duration ≥5 years (OR = 1.076, P = 0.005). There was no significant impact of camptocormia on disability in patients with a disease duration of < 5 years (HR = 0.687, P = 0.463). Conclusion The frequency of camptocormia increased with prolonged disease duration. Disease severity was related to camptocormia at different stages of the disease. The MSA-P subtype, older age of onset, and lower FAB score were associated with camptocormia in the early stage of the disease.

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