Effect of various sources of selenium fertilization on the selenium concentration of feed crops

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Feed Crop

This study was conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) Canada to determine the effect of various sources of selenium (Se) (i) sodium selenate (ii) selcote (iii) selcote 2 year and (iv) lime coated Se-granules on the Se concentration in cereals, forages and soybeans. All sources were applied to the soil at 10 g Se ha−1. For soybeans, sodium selenate was also applied as a foliar spray. All sources, in the year of application, proved effective in raising the feed crop Se to more than 100 μg Se kg−1, the minimum level required to prevent Se deficiency diseases in livestock. Lime coated Se granules resulted in much lower Se in all crops than other Se sources. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher than in cereals and forages treated with Se. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher following foliar applications of sodium selenate (3005 μg kg−1) than following soil application (1930 μg kg−1). Experiments conducted at a second location produced similar results. In most cases, soybean grain contained higher Se than either the whole plant or leaves. Selcote resulted in significantly higher Se, during the first year in soybean and forages, than selcote 2 year. This relationship was not consistent on cereals. Selenium concentrations in the second year crop of soybeans were below the minimum required level of 100 μg kg−1 needed to prevent Se deficiency in livestock for all Se sources except for the selcote 2 year source. Only the latter Se source resulted in a Se concentration of > 100 μg kg−1 for 2 yr. Soybeans fertilized with Se should prove to be an excellent feed crop for enriching grain with Se. Key words: Podzol soils, selcote, sodium selenate, barley, oat, forages, soybeans, crop Se

Relationship between soybean seed selenium and harvested grain selenium

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Podzol Soils

Field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soils in Prince Edward Island (PEI) with two cultivars of soybeans at two locations to determine the relationship between Se concentration in the seed sown and the Se concentration found in the harvested soybean crop. Seeds containing a range of Se from 0.78 to 38.5 mg kg−1 were used. These variable concentrations of seed Se were obtained in field experiments by varying the rates of seed and foliar applied Se. Grain Se concentration increased with increased Se concentration in the planted seed. A high proportion of the variation in Se concentration in the harvested soybean crop was explained by variation in the Se content of the planted seed (R2 = 0.98). The regression was calculated using averages of cultivars for both locations. From the regression equation it could be predicted that planting seed containing 24 mg Se kg−1 would produce a soybean crop containing 0.5 mg Se kg−1. When used at 200 kg soybean per tonne ration this would provide a Se concentration of 0.1 mg kg−1 assuming negligible contributions from other ingredients. Selenium concentration of 0.1 mg kg−1 in animal ration is considered adequate to protect livestock from Se deficiency diseases. Key words: Podzol soils, seed-applied Se, grain Se

Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Mazen Bufaur ◽  
◽  
Safwat Al-Gkhami ◽  
Rami Bou Hamdan ◽  
Waed Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Second Year

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Grain Quality, Zinc and Iron Concentration Affected by a Combined Foliar Spray of Zinc and Iron Fertilizers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Niyigaba ◽  
Angelique Twizerimana ◽  
Innocent Mugenzi ◽  
Wansim Aboubakar Ngnadong ◽  
Yu Ping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.

scholarly journals Se-Enrichment Pattern, Composition, and Aroma Profile of Ripe Tomatoes after Sodium Selenate Foliar Spraying Performed at Different Plant Developmental Stages

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Annalisa Meucci ◽  
Anton Shiriaev ◽  
Irene Rosellini ◽  
Fernando Malorgio ◽  
Beatrice Pezzarossa
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Green Stage

Foliar spray with selenium salts can be used to fortify tomatoes, but the results vary in relation to the Se concentration and the plant developmental stage. The effects of foliar spraying with sodium selenate at concentrations of 0, 1, and 1.5 mg Se L-1 at flowering and fruit immature green stage on Se accumulation and quality traits of tomatoes at ripening were investigated. Selenium accumulated up to 0.95 µg 100 g FW-1, with no significant difference between the two concentrations used in fruit of the first truss. The treatment performed at the flowering stage resulted in a higher selenium concentration compared to the immature green treatment in the fruit of the second truss. Cu, Zn, K, and Ca content was slightly modified by Se application, with no decrease in fruit quality. When applied at the immature green stage, Se reduced the incidence of blossom-end rot. A group of volatile organic compounds (2-phenylethyl alcohol, guaiacol, (E)-2-heptenal, 1-penten-3-one and (E)-2-pentenal), positively correlated with consumer liking and flavor intensity, increased following Se treatment. These findings indicate that foliar spraying, particularly if performed at flowering stage, is an efficient method to enrich tomatoes with Se, also resulting in positive changes in fruit aroma profile.

scholarly journals Effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as growth regulator along with chelated zinc and iron on the availability of manganese, zinc, copper and iron in Mentha piperita Linn cultivar Kukrail

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
FM Prasad ◽  
Veeru Prakash ◽  
AA Jilani ◽  
S Prasad ◽  
MR Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
First Year ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was displayed at the research plot of chemistry Department of Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad to study the effect of NAA along with chelated Zinc and Iron on the availability of micronutrients of Mentha piperrita cultivar Kukrail during winter season. It is quite obvious that Mn was influenced significantly by application of NAA and Zn/Fe EDTA through foliar spray. The concentration of Mn increased with increasing levels of NAA with or without application of Zn/Fe EDTA and markedly higher in Mentha plants at 60 ppm NAA with 10ppm Zn/Fe EDTA. The higher concentration of NAA suppressed the uptake of nutrients above 60 ppm. However, the intake of Mn, Zn and Cu was much higher in second year trial with NAA and Zn while Fe obtained higher uptake in first year than that of second year experiment. The application of NAA was found to increase the Cu uptake with increasing doses till 60ppm with or without the incorporation of Zn/Fe and then gradually a fall at higher concentrations. The second cutting value in second year trial was higher than the corresponding year cutting affected by NAA with Zn. The result was found significant over control due to foliar application of NAA and Fe separately in second year experiment. Fe uptake in mint plants grown with different doses of NAA and Fe in second year trial was greater than first year trial. The Fe uptake in menta piperita plants in both trials were found higher over control. But the Fe uptake in mint plants narrowed down above 60ppm of NAA application with or without Zn/Fe EDTA spray.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10636 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 238-245

Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Annual Application

. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for the non-subterranean clover component of the pasture, the concentration of selenium in plants increased linearly with application rate. The selenium concentration in subterranean clover was lower than that in the other species in the pasture. Differences between years were large: in 1985, the concentration in plant material was twice that in 1983 and 1984. The dry summer feed had higher concentrations of selenium than the green pasture. The residual value of selenite was 25% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Adequate dietary levels of selenium for sheep would require an annual application of about 200 g sodium selenite/ha to these soils.

EFFECT OF ALDICARB, ALDOXYCARB AND OXAMYL ON POTATO TUBER YIELDS AND ROOT LESION NEMATODES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIMPINSKI ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

In a 3-yr field study at Upton, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb at 1.12 and 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 and oxamyl at 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 were applied in the furrow with seed potatoes. Nematicide treatments increased tuber yields of Superior by 15.5% (4.6 t ha−1) and yields of Russet Burbank by 9.3% (3.4 t ha−1). Shepody did not respond to nematicide treatments. The effect of aldicarb on average yields of all three cultivars did not differ from that of oxamyl, nor did yields at the higher rate of aldicarb differ from those at the lower rate. In a two-year field study at Harrington, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb and aldoxycarb applied at a rate of 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 increased yields of Superior by similar amounts of about 40% (9.4 t ha−1). Oxamyl applied at the same rate in the second year had the same impact on yields as aldicarb or aldoxycarb. Nematicide treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) in roots and soil at Upton. Both rates of aldicarb had a similar impact, but oxamyl was less effective than the aldicarb treatments in reducing nematode numbers in roots. At Harrington, aldicarb controlled nematode populations more efficiently than aldoxycarb in soil in the first year and in roots in the second year. Aldoxycarb and oxamyl reduced nematode populations to a similar degree.Key words: Aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, Pratylenchus penetrans, Solanum tuberosum

EFFECT OF FOLIAR-APPLIED SELENIUM ON YIELDS AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATION OF ALFALFA, TIMOTHY AND BARLEY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cropping Seasons

In a field study, the residual effects of 1, 2, and 4 kg Se/ha applied as a foliar spray and of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil were measured for up to five cropping seasons on yields and Se concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L. and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Selenium applied as foliar spray reduced yields by 16–37% for the three species in the first year but had no effect in the second and subsequent years. Foliar applications of Se at 1–4 kg/ha in the first year produced alfalfa and timothy containing 27–142 ppm Se, which, when fed to livestock, would cause Se toxicity. Barley grain at these rates contained 4.3–8.4 ppm Se. The tissue Se concentrations of the three species did not exceed 0.6 ppm in the second and subsequent years. The residual effect of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil lasted longer on the three species than 1 kg Se/ha applied as foliar spray. Selenium applied to soil or as a foliar spray at 1 kg/ha resulted in tissue concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm Se in forages for two to four cropping seasons, and in barley grain for one to two cropping seasons. At 2 and 4 kg Se/ha, applied as a foliar spray, the tissue Se levels greater than 0.1 ppm were maintained for two to four cropping seasons in barley, alfalfa, and timothy. Tissue Se concentrations were generally higher in timothy than in alfalfa and barley grain. Key words: Forages, barley, selenium, yields, foliar application, podzol soil

Effect of selenium fertilizer source and rate on grain yield and selenium and cadmium concentration of durum wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A Grant ◽  
Wayne T Buckley ◽  
Ronggui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Negative Effects

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr at two locations in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the effect of various sources and rates of Se fertilizer on crop growth and the Se and Cd concentrations of durum wheat. Selenium concentration in durum wheat grown without Se application ranged from 195 to 532 µg kg-1 over the 6 site-years. Selenium seed coating, “Selcote” commercial granular fertilizer, and a foliar spray of sodium selenate solution applied at Feekes stage 5 all increased Se concentration in durum wheat grain at all locations, without negative effects on crop stand, biomass yield or grain yield. Regardless of treatment, Cd concentration in the grain was generally below proposed regulatory limits. Application of Se did not reduce Cd concentration in the grain, regardless of Se source. Selenium fertilization can be used to increase Se concentration of durum wheat, but is not an effective means of reducing the grain Cd concentration. Key words: Selcote, sodium selenate, seed-coating, selenium, cadmium

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

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