scholarly journals Influence of Vehicle Traffic Emissions on Spatial Variation of Ozone and its Precursors in Air of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363
Author(s):  
I.E. Okon ◽  
K.I. Omoniyi ◽  
E.D. Paul ◽  
P.A. Ekwumemgbo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Density Area ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Sites

This study aimed at assessing the influence of vehicle traffic on spatial variation of ozone (O3) and its vehicular emission precursors in the air of Port Harcourt city. Sampling was carried out in ten (10) sites, eight (8) located within the high traffic density area (study sites) and two (2) located within the very low traffic density area (reference sites). The precursor pollutants measured were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). Ozone and the precursor pollutants were measured in situ using AeroQUAL 500 series portable ambient air analyzer while traffic flow survey was achieved by direct counting. Measurements were carried out at morning, evening and off-peak traffic periods respectively. The mean concentrations of ozone and the precursor pollutants were significantly higher (p = 0.05) in the study sites than in the reference sites. Mean concentrations were higher at peak traffic periods than at off-peak traffic periods except for ozone that was higher at off-peak than at morning peak. There was significant correlation between traffic density and each of the pollutants including ozone. The spatial variability in concentration of pollutants was influenced by vehicular traffic. VOCs and NO2 levels were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) limit of 0.05 ppm and 0.04 – 0.06 ppm respectively, O3 concentration was below the standard limit (0.06 ppm) but was at the verge of exceeding. Traffic emission within the city was significant and could be mitigated through regular monitoring and control.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN GLODOGAN Polyalthia longifolia SONN. SEBAGAI PENEDUH JALAN DALAM MENGAKUMULASI Pb UDARA BERDASARKAN RESPON ANATOMIS DAUN DI PURWOKERTO

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Rizqi Dwi Ardyanto ◽  
Slamet Santoso ◽  
Siti Samiyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia ◽  
Pb Concentration

Polyalthia longifolia is a plant that used as a roadside in Purwokerto. This study aimed to determine the ability of the plant P. longifolia in the air and accumulate Pb anatomic response to the Pb concentration in the leaves of P. longifolia. The methods of research used survey methods. Roadside plant leaf samples were taken by purposived sampling at six locationsmain street in Purwokerto, there are Jenderal Soedirman, Dr. Soeparno, HR. Bunyamin, Commisioner Bambang Soeprapto and Gerilya. The independent variable was the ambient air Pb and Pb leaf was the dependent variable. The main parameters investigated were air Pb concentrations, Pb leaves, stomata anatomical characters and thick mesophyll tissue. Parameter support was the traffic density. The results showed that the highest concentration of Pb in the air with a concentration of 0.1020 μg/m3 per hour on Gerilya street and the lowest in DR. Soeparno street with concentrations of 0.0048 μg/m3 per hour, it can be concluded that an ambient air Pb in six study sites are still under ambient air quality in Central Java, which is 2 μg/m3 per 24 hours. Leaf Pb concentration was highest in HR. Bunyamin street with a concentration of 0.4980 ± 0.004 ppm and lows in the DR. Soeparno street with concentrations of 0.2786 ± 0.008 ppm. Pb accumulated in leaves affects the density, length, and width of stomata and mesophyll tissue thickness P. longifolia. Pb concentrations was not correlate with the leaf Pb concentration P. longifolia. Pb concentrations of leaves of P. longifolia is closely linked with decreasing density of stomata and mesophyll tissue thickness but not related to the length and width of the stomata.

scholarly journals A review on Assessment of Air Pollution due to Vehicular Emission in Traffic Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneri A. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring

In Indian metropolitan cities, the extensive growth of the motor vehicles has resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality and human health. The concentrations of pollutants at major traffic areas are exceeding the permissible limits. Public are facing severe respiratory diseases and other deadly cardio-vascular diseases In India. Immediate needs for vehicular air pollution monitoring and control strategies for urban cities are necessary. Vehicular emission is the main source of deteriorating the ambient air quality of major Indian cities due to rapid urbanization. Total vehicular population is increased to 15 Lacks as per recorded data of Regional Transport Organization (RTO) till 2014-2015. This study is focused on the assessment of major air pollution parameters responsible for the air pollution due to vehicular emission. The major air pollutants responsible for air pollution due to vehicular emissions are PM10, PM2.5, Sox, Nox, HC, CO2 and CO and Other meterological parameters like Ambient temperature, Humidity, Wind direction and Wind Speed. Sampling and analysis of parameters is carried out according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards Guidelines (NAAQS) (2009) and IS 5128.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Monitoring and Control System for Subway Stations Using Environmental Sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Sik Kim ◽  
Youn-Suk Son ◽  
Jai-Hyo Lee ◽  
In-Won Kim ◽  
Jo-Chun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Subway Stations

The metropolitan city of Seoul uses more energy than any other area in South Korea due to its high population density. It also has high emissions of air pollutants. Since an individual usually spends most of his/her working hours indoors, the ambient air quality refers to indoor air quality. In particular, PM10concentration in the underground areas should be monitored to preserve the health of commuters in the subway system. Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation measure several air pollutants regularly. In this study, the accuracy of an instrument for PM measurement using the light scattering method was improved with the help of a linear regression analysis technique to continuously measure thePM10concentrations in subway stations. In addition, an air quality monitoring system based on environmental sensors was implemented to display and record the data of PM10, CO2, temperature, and humidity. Through experimental studies, we found that ventilation fans could improve air quality and decrease PM10concentrations in the tunnels effectively by increasing the air flow rate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tire Wear Contribution to PM2.5 in Urban Environments

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Panko ◽  
Kristen Hitchcock ◽  
Gary Fuller ◽  
David Green
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Tire Wear

Vehicle-related particulate matter (PM) emissions may arise from both exhaust and non-exhaust mechanisms, such as brake wear, tire wear, and road pavement abrasion, each of which may be emitted directly and indirectly through resuspension of settled road dust. Several researchers have indicated that the proportion of PM2.5 attributable to vehicle traffic will increasingly come from non-exhaust sources. Currently, very little empirical data is available to characterize tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in the PM2.5 fraction. As such, this study was undertaken to quantify TRWP in PM2.5 at roadside locations in urban centers including London, Tokyo and Los Angeles, where vehicle traffic is an important contributor to ambient air PM. The samples were analyzed using validated chemical markers for tire tread polymer based on a pyrolysis technique. Results indicated that TRWP concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction were low, with averages ranging from < 0.004 to 0.10 µg/m3, representing an average contribution to total PM2.5 of 0.27%. The TRWP levels in PM2.5 were significantly different between the three cities, with significant differences between London and Los Angeles and Tokyo and Los Angeles. There was no significant correlation between TRWP in PM2.5 and traffic count. This study provides an initial dataset to understand potential human exposure to airborne TRWP and the potential contribution of this non-exhaust emission source to total PM2.5.

Detection and occurrence of antimicrobially resistant E. coli in groundwater on or near swine farms in eastern North Carolina

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Anderson ◽  
M.D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

The use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease treatment by the commercial swine industry has led to high proportions of multiple antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria being shed by these animals and concerns about the environmental spread of these bacteria. A study was conducted to quantify the extent of release of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from swine farms into groundwater. Four study sites, two swine farms and two reference sites (crop farms), with known groundwater flow paths were screened for E. coli four times over the course of one and a half years. A total of 100 biochemically-confirmed E. coli were collected from the four sites. There were statistically significantly higher E. coli levels at the two swine farm sites than at the reference sites. The bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using a panel of 17 drugs that are typical of human and veterinary use. There were 19 and 71 E. coli isolates from swine farms #1 and #2, respectively, with most (68%) being resistant to 1–6 antimicrobials. Only one E. coli isolate from each of the reference sites showed antimicrobial resistance traits. The results of this study demonstrate that antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains are present in groundwaters of swine farms with a typical lagoon and land application system for waste management.

Ambient air pollution and health

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reid ◽  
Giovanni Leonardi ◽  
Alex G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the impact of air pollution, including particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, on human health, through a case scenario where an increase in respiratory disease has been associated with changes in traffic density and increases in pollution indices. Background information on pollutants and air quality measurements is given based on WHO criteria. The importance of multidisciplinary input to such investigations is emphasized, involving specialists in toxicology and environmental science, as well as health protection staff. The role of geographical information systems in mapping air pollution levels to identify localities where guideline values are exceeded is emphasized, together with health impact assessments to monitor public health outcomes. The complex local, social, and political aspects that may arise are considered, and so endure engagement and communication with different interest groups. The final part clearly outlines currently unanswered questions and how they should be studied and managed in the future.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated in the Air of Some Public Toilets in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Williams, Janet Olufunmilayo ◽  
Lumati, Jessica
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Public Toilets

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges facing the health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from indoor air of public toilets in motor parks with a view of developing an antibiogram. The study sites included the public toilets in Mile 3 Motor Park, Rivers Transport Company (RTC) park and a General Motor Park in Waterlines, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The indoor air was sampled using the plate exposure and disc diffusion techniques in determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates in the genera, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were identified.  The antibiogram of the bacteria isolated showed that the bacterial isolates exhibited multi-drug resistant species as the isolates were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin and Tarivid are the drug of choice and recommended for treatment of infections from these study sites.

Analisis Kosentrasi Total Solid Particulate (TSP) dan Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Ruas Jalan Utama di Kota Kendari

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin Sarah Soraya ◽  
Sumarlin Marlin ◽  
Rosdiana Rosdiana
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Vehicle Traffic

This study analyzed the concentrations of TSP and CO at 2 different sites in Kota Kendari. Measurement of TSP levels at the site I, Jl. MT Haryono, the highest concentration occurred in the morning (79 g/Nm3) compared to midday (51 g/Nm3) and in the afternoon (46 g/Nm3). Judging from the quality standards based on PP No. 41 of the year 1999, the concentration of TSP and CO on Jl. MT Haryono has not exceeded the quality standard. However, according to PP No. 22 of the year 2021, the CO level has reached the quality standard threshold. At site II, the TSP level at Jl. The highest Achmad Yani occurred in the morning at 63 g/Nm3 compared to midday (28 g/Nm3) and in the afternoon (35 g/Nm3) while CO levels in the morning, afternoon, and evening remained stable at 12,000 g/Nm3. Based on PP No. 41 of the year 1999, the concentrations of TSP and CO in ambient air on Jl. Ahmad Yani has not exceeded the quality standard, but if it is reviewed based on PP no. 22 of the year 2021, CO levels have exceeded the quality standard threshold. Physical factors (temperature, wind speed, and humidity) and anthropogenic factors such as motorized vehicle traffic are maybe contributions.

Measurements of spatial variations in response of ionization chambers

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. B. Miller ◽  
Alan L. Kastengren
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
X Ray

Measurements of the spatial variations in the response of three ionization chamber (IC) designs were tested as a function of chamber bias voltage, incident X-ray flux and fill gas. Two components of spatial variation are seen. When the ionization chambers are near saturation, spatial variations exist that are tied to the chamber geometry. While the response of some chambers is relatively flat, others show significant variation across the IC. These variations appear to be inherent in the response of each IC at saturation. When the chamber is far from saturation, large spatial variations in response are present when N2is used as a fill gas, but not when ambient air is used as a fill gas. These appear to be tied to space charge effects.

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