scholarly journals Microwave assisted extraction, phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Ficus exasperata (Vahl)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1569-1573
Author(s):  
N.O. Ugbenyo ◽  
J.N. Anyam ◽  
M.K. Yahaya ◽  
L.O. Habib ◽  
S. Abdulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Stem bark of Ficus exasperata was extracted using ethyl acetate by microwave-assisted solvent extraction. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation were carried out on the extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that the extract is active against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis. The zones of inhibition (mm) for the test organisms were (24 - 31) mm. Minimum inhibition concentrations (mg/L) of extract against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 2.5, 1.25,1.25, 2.5, 1.25, 1.25, 1.25 and 2.5 respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (mg/L) of extract against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis Shigella dysenteriae Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 5, 2.5, 2.5, 5, 5, 2.5,2.5 and 5 respectively. The extract showed high inhibition against MRSA and Candida tropicalis.

scholarly journals Clinical, Demographic, and Aetiological Profile of Liver Abscess in Children Admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital - North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 3470-3476
Author(s):  
Navya Sree Manugu ◽  
Narayana Lunavath ◽  
Ramu Pedada
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

BACKGROUND Amoebic liver abscess is the commonest extra intestinal site of invasive amoebiasis which mainly affects infants and young children. The incidence of pyogenic liver abscess is much higher among children in developing countries than those in developed countries. Diagnosis of liver abscess can be challenging and is often delayed; a high index of suspicion is necessary in children with risk factors. Children have unique set of predisposing causes for liver abscesses. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical, demographic, and etiological profile of liver abscess in children between 1 month to 12 years of age. METHODS This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikistalaya (An Autonomous Institute under Govt. of NCT (National Capital Territory) of Delhi, affiliated to University of Delhi), Delhi from July 2016 to August 2017. All children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with liver abscess (included consecutively) were enrolled after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written and informed consent was taken from parents/guardians of children aged less than 7 years. Informed assent was taken from children aged more than 7 years, along with written and informed consent from their parents/guardians. Their clinical characteristics, radiological features and laboratory data were analysed. RESULTS Most common age group suffering from liver abscess was 5 - 10 years with male preponderance. Majority of the children belonged to lower socio-economic class and half of them were suffering from malnutrition. Most common clinical presentation of children suffering from liver abscess was fever with pain abdomen and tender hepatomegaly. Majority of the children had leucocytosis, high level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Deranged liver function test with coagulopathy was noted in more than half of the children suffering from liver abscess. Commonest bacterial pathogen was methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis. Entamoeba histolytica is a common parasitic agent causing liver abscess in children. CONCLUSIONS Liver abscess should be considered in children presenting with fever and abdominal pain. Most cases involve a single lesion on right lobe of the liver. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi are the two most common pathogens. KEYWORDS Paediatric Liver Abscess, Amoebic Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Liver Abscess, Children

scholarly journals Antimicrobial evaluation of methyl 4-O-Acetyl-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside derivatives

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Matin ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

A number of 2,3-di-O-acyl derivatives (6-11) of methyl 4-O-acetyl-a-Lrhamnopyranoside (5) obtained by using various acylating agents were screened for in vitro antifungal activity against four plant pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata. Fusarium equiseti and Macrophomina phaseolina. These compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against ten human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, INABA ET (Vibrio), Pseudomonas species, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi. The study reveal that these 4-O-acetyl-?-L-rhamnopyranoside derivatives are more prone towards antifungal activities than that of antibacterial activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13404 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):33-43, 2008

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUSLEIOCARPUS FOUND IN DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA - NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Abdulrasheed Halliru Usman ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
A. G. Danjani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies

Preliminary characterization of phytocompounds from stem bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus and its antimicrobial effects was carried out in this study. Concentrated and dried extracts obtained, after extraction of the plant material, were subjected to phytochemical screening and FT-IR analysis. Part of extracts obtained were used for antimicrobial studies on eleven pathogenic clinical isolates namely Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Candida krusei, Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and reducing sugars. FT-IR's spectroscopic analysis showed characteristic peaks of alcohols, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and amines groups matching with some of the metabolites’ functionalities already reported in literature. The plant extracts were active against all the test organisms (MIC ranged from 5.0 mg / ml to 1.25 mg / ml; MBC/MFC ranged from 10 mg / ml to 2.5 mg / ml) except Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida krusei. It can be concluded that the stem-bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus contains phytochemicals that have potentials to be developed into antimicrobial drugs useful for the treatment of diseases caused by those microorganisms the plant indicated activity against it.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Damar Batu (Shorea eximia) asal Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noryawati Mulyono ◽  
Bibiana Widiyati Laya ◽  
Siuling Susanti Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi

Damar batu adalah resin natural, atau lebih tepatnya adalah hasil hutan bukan kayu dari tumbuhan Shorea eximia. Getah ini dihasilkan sebagai metabolit sekunder yang diinduksi oleh malnutrisi dan kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri dalam metabolit sekunder tersebut. Resin dilarutkan dalam heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol secara terpisah selama 24 jam dengan konsentrasi 0,5 g L -1 . Selanjutnya, aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacter violaceum, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, dan Bacillus cereus. Tiga komponen utama dalam damar batu yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri adalah δ-kadinen, valencene, dan spatulenol.

scholarly journals Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Ranting Sengon Dengan Pelarut Metanol Dan N-Heksana

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Nunik Tri Rahayu ◽  
Ai Sri Nurhasanah ◽  
Alfi Rumidatul ◽  
Feldha Fadhila ◽  
Yayan Maryana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi

Pohon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Antibakteri bersumber dari alam menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Proteus mirabilis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 9%, 9,5%, 10%, 10,5% dan 11%. Hasil ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon menunjukkan adanya zona bening dengan konsentrasi efektif yaitu 11% terhadap Shigella dysentriae (4 mm), Escherichia coli (1,7 mm), Salmonella typhi (3,3 mm). Sedangkan ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana terhadap Proteus mirabillis (2,7 mm). Ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut metanol dan n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Proteus mirabilis. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Falcataria moluccana, N-heksana, Metanol

Determination of Antimicrobial Potentials of Ethanol Extract of Combretum dolichopentalum Leaves by Total Dehydrogenase Activity Assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Favour Ntite Ujowundu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia

The viability of microorganisms can be determined by the total dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Thus, a reduction in total dehydrogenase activity is an indication of the bactericidal effect of plant extract. The antimicrobial potentials of ethanol extract of Combretum dolichopentalum (EECD) leaves on microbial isolates from stool, degenerated wound, and high vaginal swab were determined by the total dehydrogenase activity. The microbial cells were standardized in a spectrophotometer to an optical density of 0.70 at 420 nm and used as standardized cell suspension (inoculum) in the dehydrogenase assay. The results obtained indicated that EECD leaves were effective antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pneumonia isolates. Threshold inhibitory concentrations of the extracts showed that EECD leaves inhibited dehydrogenase activity in all the organisms in a dose dependent manner. At 355.78 μg/ml, EECD leaves achieved an IC50against E. coli, and at 349.42 µg/ml and 843.80 µg/ml EECD obtained an IC50against Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Also, at 2270.68 μg/ml EECD leaves eliminated 100 % S. typhi to achieve 100 % inhibiting concentration. C. dolichopentalum makes a promising drug with bactericidal effect especially against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi.

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