scholarly journals Simplification of urea treatment method of wheat straw for its better adoption by the farmers

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Jabbar ◽  
H Muzafar ◽  
F.M Khattak ◽  
T.N Pasha ◽  
A Khalique
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Urea Treatment

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

The effect of three strains of Pleurotus on the in vitro dry matter digestibility and subsequent nutritive value of wheat straw to ruminant animals

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
E. M. Hodgson ◽  
M. D. Hale ◽  
H. M. Omed
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ruminant Animals

Straw constitutes a vast, valuable, and under utilised agricultural by-product, which has a great potential for utilisation as an animal feedstuff. However, due to the way in which it is constructed, the digestible sugars, cellulose and hemicelluloses, are tightly chemically bound by heavily lignified cell walls which provide the wheat plant stem with its strength and structure, but in doing so greatly inhibit the digestibility and nutritive value of the material to ruminant animals. Therefore, the utilisation of this resource as an animal feed can only be realised effectively, if the nutritional and digestibility values of the material can be improved by the innovation and successful application of an effective treatment method, be that physical, chemical or biological. Previously devised methods of upgrading the digestibility and nutritive value of forages, with the possible exception of urea treatment, have proven either insufficient, environmentally unsound, or economically infeasible to those concerned, particularly those in developing world. Therefore, there is a distinct need to develop techniques which can avoid these pitfalls and still yield the desired results in the context of animal nutrition. Previous research has indicated that members of the genus Pleurotus white rot fungi, have great potential for application in the biological upgrading of wheat straw. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate biological techniques, using 3 strains of Pleurotus fungi which may have the potential to be utilised in the biological upgrading of wheat straw.

Effects of Urea Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Xing Yuan Ma ◽  
Xi Ping Yang ◽  
Shu Fang Zhang ◽  
Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Inorganic Components

The article proved the effects of urea treatment on the structure and properties of wheat straw, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle analyze (CAA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) other methods. The results show that the urea treatment of wheat straw epidermis and lignin chemical structure has undergone significant changes, most of the inorganic components of wheat straw has dissolved, making the cellulose from the lignin parcels released while the lignin from hard degradable mesh macromolecules into small molecules of a straight chain of easily biodegradable, so that the anaerobic microorganisms to the degradation of cellulose and lignin can be more easily.

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

Effect of level of urea treatment of straw offered with grass silage on the performance of dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products

Crop by-products are used as ruminants feeds in many parts of the world, but their high content of lignocellulose and low content of protein limits their use in productive farming systems. The nutritive value and utilization of low quality roughage can be improved by treatment with alkali. Urea is a safe and more readily available chemical than caustic soda in many countries. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of level of urea treated wheat straw in combination with grass silage offered to dairy cattle.

Preparation and Properties of Long Wheat Straw Fibers Used for Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 843-846
Author(s):  
Gang Wei Pan ◽  
Xiu Liang Hou ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Treatment Processes

This paper aims to understand the potential of using wheat straw (WS) as a source for composite. High quality fiber bundles are obtained from wheat straw using a simple alkaline treatment method. Wheat straw fibers (WSFs) are used with PLA fibers to make composites. The effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature of the treatment processes for wheat straw fibers on the tensile and flexural properties of the PLA/WSF composites has been investigated. The contact angle of WSF has also been studied. It shows that the the mechanical properties of PLA/WSF composites are optimal when the sodium hydroxide concentration is 2.5% and the alkali treatment temperature is 125°C. The contact angles after alkali treatment decrease significantly, indicating that the surface wettability of the treated wheat straw is improved.

scholarly journals Ammonia and urea treatment of wheat straw and corn stover

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
JP Fontenot ◽  
E. Gallo Llorente ◽  
JM Obamahinti ◽  
VG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Urea Treatment
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