Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Molecular Properties of Nonlysogenic and P22-Lysogenic Salmonella Typhimurium Treated with Citrus Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUHEE AHN ◽  
JOSE ALEJANDRO ALMARIO ◽  
SERAJUS SALAHEEN ◽  
DEBABRATA BISWAS
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Lysogenic Conversion ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of nonlysogenic Salmonella Typhimurium (STP22−) and lysogenic Salmonella Typhimurium (STP22+) in the presence of sublethal concentrations (SLC2D) of citrus essential oils (CEOs), which were used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation ability, bacterial motility, lysogenic conversion, gene expression patterns, and antibiofilm formation. The SLC2D values of non–heat-treated (N-CEO) and heat-treated (H-CEO) CEO in an autoclave at 121°C for 20 min were 2.0 to 2.1 mg/ml against STP22− and 1.7 to 1.9 mg/ml against STP22+. The rates of injured STP22− and STP22+ cells treated with SLC2D of N-CEO and H-CEO ranged from 67 to 83%. The hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were decreased to 2.5 and 19.5% for STP22− and 4.7 and 21.7% for STP22+, respectively, in the presence of N-CEO. A noticeable reduction in the swarming motility was observed in STP22− with N-CEO (14.5%) and H-CEO (13.3%). The numbers of CEO-induced P22 were 5.40 log PFU/ml for N-CEO and 5.65 log PFU/ml for H-CEO. The relative expression of hilA, hilC, hilD, invA, invC, invE, invF, sirA, and sirB was down-regulated in STP22− and STP22+ with N-CEO and H-CEO. The numbers of adherent STP22− and STP22+ were effectively reduced by more than 1 log in the presence of CEO. These results suggest that CEO has potential to be used to control bacterial attachment, colonization, and invasion.

Fibronectin enhances Campylobacter fetus interaction with extracellular matrix components and INT 407 cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Graham ◽  
T. Friel ◽  
R. L. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Rgd Sequence ◽  
Campylobacter Fetus ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

Campylobacter fetus is a recognized pathogen of cattle and sheep that can also infect humans. No adhesins specific for C. fetus have to date been identified; however, bacterial attachment is essential to establish an infecting population. Scanning electron microscopy revealed C. fetus attachment to the serosal surface of human colonic biopsy explants, a location consistent with the presence of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To determine whether the ECM mediated C. fetus adherence, 7 C. fetus strains were assessed in a solid-phase binding assay for their ability to bind to immobilized ECM components. Of the ECM components assayed, adherence to fibronectin was noted for all strains. Attachment to ECM components was neither correlated with S-layer expression nor with cell-surface hydrophobicity. Ligand immunoblots, however, identified the S-layer protein as a major site of fibronectin binding, and modified ECM binding assays revealed that soluble fibronectin significantly enhanced the attachment of S-layer-expressing C. fetus strains to other ECM components. Soluble fibronectin also increased C. fetus adherence to INT 407 cells. This adherence was inhibited when INT 407 cells were incubated with synthetic peptides containing an RGD sequence, indicating that integrin receptors were involved in fibronectin-mediated attachment. Together, this data suggests that C. fetus can bind to immobilized fibronectin and use soluble fibronectin to enhance attachment to other ECM components and intestinal epithelial cells. In vivo, fibronectin would promote bacterial adherence, thereby, contributing to the initial interaction of C. fetus with mucosal and submucosal surfaces.

Surface hydrophobicity of acidophilic heterotrophic bacterial cells in relation to their adhesion on minerals

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. C. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature

The cell-surface hydrophobicity of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria originating from mines varied with the pH of the suspending medium and with the growth temperature. Adhesion of these bacterial cells on mineral particles depended upon the hydrophobic (or hydrophilic) nature of both the cells and the minerals. A strong correlation between these properties was usually observed at different pH values of the suspending medium. At a certain pH value, bacterial attachment depended upon the particle size of the minerals. Key words: hydrophobicity, acidophilic bacteria, Acidiphilium cryptum, Acidiphilium symbioticum, adhesion, manganese nodule, chalcopyrite, iron pyrite.

scholarly journals Control of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Staphylococci Associated with Vaginal Infection Using Biosurfactants Derived from Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strain

Fermentation ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Najla Haddaji ◽  
Karima Ncib ◽  
Wael Bahia ◽  
Mouna Ghorbel ◽  
Nadia Leban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition

Biosurfactants exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. They can be used as therapeutic agents and in the fight against infectious diseases. Moreover, the anti-adhesive properties against several pathogens point to the possibility that they might serve as an anti-adhesive coating agent for medical inserts and prevent nosocomial infections, without using synthetic substances. In this study, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cell surface hydrophobicity, and antioxidative activities of biosurfactant extracted from Bacillus sp., against four pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus spp. associated with vaginal infection, were studied. Our results have shown that the tested biosurfactant possesses a promising antioxidant potential, and an antibacterial potency against multidrug clinical isolates of Staphylococcus, with an inhibitory diameter ranging between 27 and 37 mm, and a bacterial growth inhibition at an MIC of 1 mg/ mL, obtained. The BioSa3 was highly effective on the biofilm formation of different tested pathogenic strains. Following their treatment by BioSa3, a significant decrease in bacterial attachment (p < 0.05) was justified by the reduction in the optical (from 0.709 to 0.111) following their treatment by BioSa3. The antibiofilm effect can be attributed to its ability to alter the membrane physiology of the tested pathogens to cause a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of over 50% of the surface hydrophobicity. Based on the obtained result of the bioactivities in the current study, BioSa3 is a good candidate in new therapeutics to better control multidrug-resistant bacteria and overcome bacterial biofilm-associated infections by protecting surfaces from microbial contamination.

Relationship of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity to Strength of Attachment of Bacteria to Cantaloupe Rind†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIKE O. UKUKU ◽  
WILLIAM F. FETT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Salmonella Infections

The cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of Salmonella infections. It is suspected that bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment and complicate bacterial detachment from cantaloupe surfaces. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of strains of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (O157:H7 and non-O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes were determined by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces and the ability of bacteria to resist removal by washing with water were compared with surface charge and hydrophobicity. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in inocula containing individual strains or in cocktails containing Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, either as a mixture of strains containing all three genera or as a mixture of strains belonging to a single genus, for 10 min. Inoculated cantaloupes were dried for 1 h in a biosafety cabinet and then stored for up to 7 days at 4°C. Inoculated melons were washed with water, and bacteria still attached to the melon surface, as well as those in the wash water, were enumerated. Initial bacterial attachment was highest for individual strains of E. coli and lowest for L. monocytogenes, but Salmonella exhibited the strongest attachment on days 0, 3, and 7. When mixed-genus cocktails were used, the relative degrees of attachment of the three genera ware altered. The attachment of Salmonella strains was the strongest, but the attachment of E. coli was more extensive than that of L. monocytogenes on days 0, 3, and 7. There was a linear correlation between bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (r2 = 0.767), negative charge (r2 = 0.738), and positive charge (r2 = 0.724) and the strength of bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces.

Modulation of Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Attachment of Bacteria to Abiotic Surfaces and Shrimp by Malaysian Herb Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW WOH HUI ◽  
GARY A. DYKES
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Hydrophobicity ◽  
Herb Extracts ◽  
Herb Extract

The use of simple crude water extracts of common herbs to reduce bacterial attachment may be a cost-effective way to control bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. The ability of water extracts of three common Malaysian herbs (Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia, and Garcinia atroviridis) to modulate hydrophobicity and attachment to surfaces of five food-related bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus ATCC 14576, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) were determined. The bacterial attachment to hydrocarbon assay was used to determine bacterial hydrophobicity. Staining and direct microscopic counts were used to determine attachment of bacteria to glass and stainless steel. Plating on selective media was used to determine attachment of bacteria to shrimp. All extracts were capable of either significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increasing or decreasing bacterial surface hydrophobicity, depending on the herb extract and bacteria combination. Bacterial attachment to all surfaces was either significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased or decreased, depending on the herb extract and bacteria combination. Overall, hydrophobicity did not show a significant correlation (P &gt; 0.05) to bacterial attachment. For specific combinations of bacteria, surface material, and plant extract, significant correlations (R &gt; 0.80) between hydrophobicity and attachment were observed. The highest of these was observed for S. aureus attachment to stainless steel and glass after treatment with the E. longifolia extract (R = 0.99, P &lt; 0.01). The crude water herb extracts in this study were shown to have the potential to modulate specific bacterial and surface interactions and may, with further work, be useful for the simple and practical control of foodborne pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of adaptation of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy A. Elekhnawy ◽  
Fatma I. Sonbol ◽  
Tarek E. Elbanna ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background The percentage of the multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates is increasing worldwide. The excessive exposure of K. pneumoniae isolates to sublethal concentrations of biocides like benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in health care settings and communities could be one of the causes contributing in the global spread of antibiotic resistance. Results We collected 50 K. pneumoniae isolates and these isolates were daily exposed to gradually increasing sublethal concentrations of BAC. The consequence of adaptation to BAC on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae isolates was explored. Remarkably, 16% of the tested isolates showed an increase in the cell surface hydrophobicity and 26% displayed an enhanced biofilm formation. To evaluate whether the influence of BAC adaptation on the biofilm formation was demonstrated at the transcriptional level, the RT-PCR was employed. Noteworthy, we found that 60% of the tested isolates exhibited an overexpression of the biofilm gene (bssS). After sequencing of this gene in K. pneumoniae isolates before and after BAC adaptation and performing pairwise alignment, 100% identity was detected; a finding that means the absence of mutation after adaptation to BAC. Conclusion This study suggests that the widespread and increased use of biocides like BAC at sublethal concentrations has led to an increase biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae isolates. Enhanced biofilm formation could result in treatment failure of the infections generated by this pathogen.

Autecology of scum producing bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Lemmer ◽  
George Lind ◽  
Margit Schade ◽  
Birgit Ziegelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Substrate Preferences

Non-filamentous hydrophobic scum bacteria were isolated from scumming wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) by means of adhesion to hydrocarbons. They were characterized with respect to taxonomy, substrate preferences, cell surface hydrophobicity, and emulsification capability. Their role during flotation events is discussed. Rhodococci are selected by hydrolysable substrates and contribute to flotation both by cell surface hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity at long mean cell residence times (MCRT). Saprophytic Acinetobacter strains are able to promote flotation by hydrophobicity and producing emulsifying agents under conditions when hydrophobic substrates are predominant. Hydrogenophaga and Acidovorax species as well as members of the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium group are prone to proliferate under low loading conditions and contribute to flotation mainly by emulsification.

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