Inhibitory Effects of Deoxynivalenol on Gastric Secretion in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUWEI WANG ◽  
WENDA WU ◽  
XICHUN WANG ◽  
CHENGHUA HE ◽  
HUA YUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Gastrin Secretion ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. in cereals and foods. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs can cause digestive disorders in various animals. Many researchers focus on its toxicity and the pathological damage and absorptive function in the intestines. However, the effect of DON on gastric function is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of DON on gastric secretion. Rats were gavaged with DON at the dose of 0, 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg of body weight (bw). Gastric fluids were gathered by pylorus ligation 0.5 h after DON exposure. The results indicate that the volume of gastric fluid decreased by 25, 51, and 61% compared with the control, respectively. The pH increased to 3.2, 3.81, and 6.65 in the 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg bw DON group, compared with the control (1.9). To examine the mucosal injuries, the stomach tissues were made into hematoxylin and eosin slides. Histopathology observations suggest that no mucosal lesions were observed until DON exposure at 25 mg/kg bw. Additionally, the gastrin secretion in the fluids and mRNA expression in tissues were determined by the radioimmunoassay and real-time PCR assay, respectively. The results indicated that both significantly decreased in DON-exposed rats compared with the control. Taken together, DON exposure reduced gastric secretion in rats. Low gastrin secretion and mRNA expression play a major role, unless mucosal lesions by high DON exposure are present.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Tobacco Plants: Evaluation of Coating Effects on Photosynthetic Performance and Chloroplast Ultrastructure

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Petra Peharec Štefanić ◽  
Karla Košpić ◽  
Daniel Mark Lyons ◽  
Lara Jurković ◽  
Biljana Balen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The Impact

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most exploited nanomaterial in agriculture and food production, and their release into the environment raises concern about their impact on plants. Since AgNPs are prone to biotransformation, various surface coatings are used to enhance their stability, which may modulate AgNP-imposed toxic effects. In this study, the impact of AgNPs stabilized with different coatings (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and AgNO3 on photosynthesis of tobacco plants as well as AgNP stability in exposure medium have been investigated. Obtained results revealed that AgNP-citrate induced the least effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and pigment content, which could be ascribed to their fast agglomeration in the exposure medium and consequently weak uptake. The impact of AgNP-PVP and AgNP-CTAB was more severe, inducing a deterioration of photosynthetic activity along with reduced pigment content and alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, which could be correlated to their higher stability, elevated Ag accumulation, and surface charge. In conclusion, intrinsic properties of AgNP coatings affect their stability and bioavailability in the biological medium, thereby indirectly contributing changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, AgNP treatments exhibited more severe inhibitory effects compared to AgNO3, which indicates that the impact on photosynthesis is dependent on the form of Ag.

scholarly journals Heme Biosynthesis mRNA Expression Signature: Towards a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Diffusely Infiltrating Gliomas

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Mario Mischkulnig ◽  
Barbara Kiesel ◽  
Daniela Lötsch ◽  
Thomas Roetzer ◽  
Martin Borkovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Heme Biosynthesis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Expression Signature ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
The Impact

Diffusely infiltrating gliomas are characterized by a variable clinical course, and thus novel prognostic biomarkers are needed. The heme biosynthesis cycle constitutes a fundamental metabolic pathway and might play a crucial role in glioma biology. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the role of the heme biosynthesis mRNA expression signature on prognosis in a large glioma patient cohort. Glioma patients with available sequencing data on heme biosynthesis expression were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In each patient, the heme biosynthesis mRNA expression signature was calculated and categorized into low, medium, and high expression subgroups. Differences in progression-free and overall survival between these subgroups were investigated including a multivariate analysis correcting for WHO grade, tumor subtype, and patient age and sex. In a total of 693 patients, progression-free and overall survival showed a strictly monotonical decrease with increasing mRNA expression signature subgroups. In detail, median overall survival was 134.2 months in the low, 79.9 months in the intermediate, and 16.5 months in the high mRNA expression signature subgroups, respectively. The impact of mRNA expression signature on progression-free and overall survival was independent of the other analyzed prognostic factors. Our data indicate that the heme biosynthesis mRNA expression signature might serve as an additional novel prognostic marker in patients with diffusely infiltrating gliomas to optimize postoperative management.

The impact of metabolic factors on inflammatory mrna expression profiles: Findings from the MAMI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. e91
Author(s):  
R. Attard ◽  
P. Dingli ◽  
A.C. Spek ◽  
K. Cassar ◽  
R. Farrugia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Intrauterine growth restriction delays surfactant protein maturation in the sheep fetus

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. L575-L583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Orgeig ◽  
Tamara A. Crittenden ◽  
Ceilidh Marchant ◽  
I. Caroline McMillen ◽  
Janna L. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Pulmonary surfactant is synthesized by type II alveolar epithelial cells to regulate the surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the air-breathing lung. Developmental maturation of the surfactant system is controlled by many factors including oxygen, glucose, catecholamines, and cortisol. The intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetus is hypoxemic and hypoglycemic, with elevated plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations. The impact of IUGR on surfactant maturation is unclear. Here we investigate the expression of surfactant protein (SP) A, B, and C in lung tissue of fetal sheep at 133 and 141 days of gestation (term 150 ± 3 days) from control and carunclectomized Merino ewes. Placentally restricted (PR) fetuses had a body weight <2 SD from the mean of control fetuses and a mean gestational PaO2<17 mmHg. PR fetuses had reduced absolute, but not relative, lung weight, decreased plasma glucose concentration, and increased plasma cortisol concentration. Lung SP-A, -B, and -C protein and mRNA expression was reduced in PR compared with control fetuses at both ages. SP-B and -C but not SP-A mRNA expression and SP-A but not SP-B or -C protein expression increased with gestational age. Mean gestational PaO2was positively correlated with SP-A, -B, and -C protein and SP-B and -C mRNA expression in the younger cohort. SP-A and -B gene expression was inversely related to plasma cortisol concentration. Placental restriction, leading to chronic hypoxemia and hypercortisolemia in the carunclectomy model, results in significant inhibition of surfactant maturation. These data suggest that IUGR fetuses are at significant risk of lung complications, especially if born prematurely.

Modulation of Fibrinolytic System Components in Mesothelial Cells by Hyaluronan

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sitter ◽  
Matthias Sauter ◽  
Bettina Haslinger
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pai 1

← Objective Hyaluronan (HA) is an important extracellular matrix component and is involved in fluid homeostasis, tissue repair, and response to infections. Previous studies have shown that supplementation of dialysis fluid with high molecular weight HA may have a positive impact on peritoneal solute and fluid transport characteristics. In the present study, we investigated the impact of HA on the synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (MC). ← Methods Cultured human peritoneal MC isolated from omental tissue were used for the experiments. Concentrations of t-PA and PAI-1 antigens were measured in conditioned media of confluent MC using ELISA. Northern blot analysis was performed to investigate mRNA expression of t-PA, PAI-1, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. ← Results Hyaluronan in a concentration as suggested for supplementation of dialysis fluid (10 mg/dL) did not have a significant impact on the synthesis of t-PA or PAI-1 in human MC. However, incubation of MC with higher concentrations of HA (30 – 1000 mg/dL) resulted in a concentration- and time- (8 – 48 hours) dependent decrease in t-PA antigen release and mRNA expression. In contrast, PAI-1 antigen secretion was distinctly but not significantly increased in the presence of HA. ← Conclusion The expression of t-PA and PAI-1 in MC was not affected by low concentrations of HA. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that supplementation of dialysis fluid with HA (10 mg/dL) will not decrease mesothelial fibrinolytic activity. Only high concentrations (> 50 mg/dL) may disturb the balance between intraperitoneal generation and degradation of fibrin by decreasing t-PA synthesis.

Interaction of silicon and cadmium in Brassica juncea and Brassica napus

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Vatehová ◽  
Karin Kollárová ◽  
Ivan Zelko ◽  
Danica Richterová-Kučerová ◽  
Marek Bujdoš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Suberin Lamellae ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Si Addition

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon (Si) and cadmium (Cd) on root and shoot growth and Cd uptake in two hydroponically cultivated Brassica species (B. juncea (L.) Czern. cv. Vitasso and B. napus L. cv. Atlantic). Both species are potentially usable for phytoextraction. Inhibitory effects of Cd on root elongation were diminished by the impact of Si. Primary roots elongation in the presence of Cd + Si compared with Cd was stronger and the number of lateral roots was lower in B. juncea than in B. napus. Cd content per plant was higher in B. napus roots and shoots compared with B. juncea. Suberin lamellae were formed closer to the root apex in Cd + Si than in Cd treated plants and this effect was stronger in B. napus than in B. juncea. Accelerated maturation of endodermis was associated with reduced Cd uptake. Cd decreased the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in both species, but Si addition positively influenced the content of photosynthetic pigments which was higher in B. napus than in B. juncea. Si enhanced more substantially translocation of Cd into the shoot of B. napus than of B. juncea. Based on our results B. napus seems to be more suitable for Cd phytoextraction than B. juncea because these plants produce more biomass and accumulate higher amount of Cd. The protective effect of Si on Cd treated Brassica plants could be attributed to more extensive development of suberin lamellae in endodermis.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study towards the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Expression and Activities of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Human Duodenum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gravel ◽  
Benoit Panzini ◽  
Francois Belanger ◽  
Jacques Turgeon ◽  
Veronique Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

To characterize effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on mRNA expression levels for 10 Cytochromes P450 (CYP450s), two carboxylesterases, and three drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, SLCO2B1) in human duodenal biopsies. To compare drug metabolizing enzyme activities of four CYP450 isoenzymes in duodenal biopsies from patients with or without T2D. mRNA levels were quantified (RT-qPCR) in human duodenal biopsies obtained from patients with (n = 20) or without (n = 16) T2D undergoing a scheduled gastro-intestinal endoscopy. CYP450 activities were determined following incubation of biopsy homogenates with probe substrates for CYP2B6 (bupropion), CYP2C9 (tolbutamide), CYP2J2 (ebastine), and CYP3A4/5 (midazolam). Covariables related to inflammation, T2D, demographic, and genetics were investigated. T2D had no major effects on mRNA levels of all enzymes and transporters assessed. Formation rates of metabolites (pmoles mg protein−1 min−1) determined by LC-MS/MS for CYP2C9 (0.48 ± 0.26 vs. 0.41 ± 0.12), CYP2J2 (2.16 ± 1.70 vs. 1.69 ± 0.93), and CYP3A (5.25 ± 3.72 vs. 5.02 ± 4.76) were not different between biopsies obtained from individuals with or without T2D (p > 0.05). No CYP2B6 specific activity was measured. TNF-α levels were higher in T2D patients but did not correlate with any changes in mRNA expression levels for drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters in the duodenum. T2D did not modulate expression or activity of tested drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the human duodenum. Previously reported changes in drug oral clearances in patients with T2D could be due to a tissue-specific disease modulation occurring in the liver and/or in other parts of the intestines.

scholarly journals Expression of mRNAs for Pro-and Anti-Apoptotic Factors in Granulosa Cells and Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization. A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Bodis ◽  
Endre Sulyok ◽  
Akos Varnagy ◽  
Viktória Prémusz ◽  
Krisztina Godony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apoptotic Factors

Abstract BackgroundThis observational clinical study evaluated the expression levels and predictive values of some apoptosis-related genes in granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods GCs and FF were obtained at oocyte retrieval from 31 consecutive patients with heterogeneous infertility diagnosis (age: 34.3±5.8 years, body mass index: 24.02±3.12 kg/m2, duration of infertility: 4.2±2.1 years). mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASP3, CASP8) and anti-apoptotic (BCL2, AMH, AMHR, FSHR, LHR, CYP19A1) factors was determined by quantitative RT-PCR using ROCHE LightCycler 480. Results No significant difference in GC or FF mRNA expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors could be demonstrated between IVF patients with (9 patients) or without (22 patients) clinical pregnancy. Each transcript investigated was detected in FF, but their levels were markedly reduced and independent of those in GCs. The number of retrieved oocytes was positively associated with GC AMHR (r=0.393, p=0.029), but the day of embryo transfer was negatively associated with GC LHR (r=-0.414, p=0.020) and GC FSHR transcripts (r=-0.535, p=0.002). When pregnancy positive group was analysed separately the impact of apoptosis- related gene expressions on some selected measures of IVF success could be observed. Strong positive relationship was found between gene expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in GCs.ConclusionOur study provides only marginal evidences for the apoptosis dependence of IVF outcome and suggests that the apoptosis process induces adaptive increases of the anti-apoptotic gene expression to attenuate apoptosis and to protect cell survival.

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