scholarly journals TREND, DIRECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF AFGHANISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Sayed Ahmad Rashid Ashrafi ◽  
Vishwanatha Kalaiah

Afghanistan is at a strategic location which acts as an important corridor in Asia and connects powerful industrial economies such as India and China to Northern Asia and to Europe via dry and seaways and vice versa through the Lapis Lazuli Corridor, Chabahar port and other corridors. The study asses to perceive the performance and trend of Afghanistan’s export and import. Moreover, the study points out to the destinations of Afghanistan's exports by regions and origin of Afghanistan’s imports by regions. The paper descriptively concentrates on direction, trend, and performance of the Afghanistan trade. The data is retrieved from numerous secondary sources encompass National Statistic and Information Authority and Ministry of Trade and Industry of Afghanistan. The period selected is from 2002 to 2018. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data and descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the trend and direction of the Afghanistan trade. The study shows that there is an ascending direction of Afghanistan's export to Emerging and Developing Asian Economies majorly includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, while it indicates a descending export direction to Advanced Economies, Commonwealth Independent States, Middle East, and European Nations. Furthermore, Afghanistan's import shared with the regions is in an unstable form. JEL Classification Codes: F1, F10, F19.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Baral

After the unification of many tiny states into a single and unified state, the foundation of Nepalese foreign policy was coined by brave, visionary and nationalist king Prithivi Narayan Shah. On the basis of geo-reality, his foreign policy based on non-alignment and neutrality is still relevant. But the subsequent rulers could not maintain their foreign policy images. The trend of changing foreign policy tilt with every change in regime in general and leader in particular created difficulty in foreign policy making. The geo-strategic location of the country on the one hand and continuous political instability in the country on the other always created threat for its survival. The geographical proximity of two Asian powers and their security concern further added more threat upon our independence. All these conditions have played influencing role in the determination of foreign policy choices. Since, Nepal is in advantageous position to benefit from India and China, after a long transition, the newly elected government has almost single choice to act as a balance of local, regional and global interest. So the main objective of this article is to analyze the patterns and trends of Nepalese foreign policy choices. Secondary sources of data are used to achieve the objectives.Journal of Political Science, Volume XVIII, 2018, page: 25-45


Unity Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhattarai

Border disputes between China and India in June 2020 almost lead South Asian countries to take a side. But, Nepal, situated between India and China, has always expressed a stern belief in neutrality and non-alignment. Even though New Delhi doubted Nepal’s neutrality and non-alignment citing China’s growing footprints in Nepal, Kathmandu reckoned such suspicion as the result of a new map row between two countries connected by open borders. While Nepal’s repeated calls to diplomatically resolve India-Nepal border problems remained unheeded by New Delhi, it provided room for the ruling communist party in Nepal to reap geopolitical benefits out of the Sino-Indian dispute. But, interestingly, such geopolitical benefits are usually targeted in tempering Indian influence in Nepal, by getting closer with China. Apprehending the same, this study aims to assess the geopolitical implication of Sino-Indian conflict on the survival strategy of Nepal. To fulfill the same objectives, the Chinese perception of Nepal-India relations, and Indian perception of Sino-Nepal ties have been critically assessed in this study. This study is methodologically based on the information collected from the secondary sources. In order to critically evaluate the geopolitical expression of Sino-Indian conflict in Nepal, this study reviews India’s perception of Nepal-China relations, and China’s perception of Nepal-India relations. Also, the reports and the press releases of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, historical facts, treaties, government reports and decisions have been studied and analyzed. Media sources are also reviewed to understand the diverse narratives produced on the geopolitical reflection of Sino-Indian conflict. The themes that emerged from the reviews are thematically analyzed and interpreted, to discover that cultivating relations with one country at the expense of the other may be counterproductive to Nepal’s survival strategies.


Unity Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Sumitra Karki

Nepal has been a home to diversified settlement in terms of ethnicity, religion, dialect and culture since its outset in civilization. It also lies between two great military and economic giants of Asia – India and China – that are hostile to each other. While these bring abundant opportunities for Nepal, it possesses several internal and external security threats. Nepal suffers from cyber-attack, environmental degradation, pandemic, ethnic, racial or religious conflicts, inequality and poverty, extremism, human trafficking, corruption, migration and trans-boundary crime. In addition, Nepal also faces several security threats, traditional and non–traditional, including terrorism and insurgency. These threats possess serious implications on peace and security of Nepal and the South Asian region. There is a need of serious study about the major internal and external security challenges that Nepal faces in recent decades. This study aims at examining some of the major security challenges, explore the factors behind it, and attempt to suggest few policy recommendations to the government of Nepal to deal with them. The study is conducted by reviewing the primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data includes documents of the government agencies, press release, joint statement and organizational reports. It also includes the interviews with security experts, bureaucrats, policy makers and academicians. Similarly, secondary data includes books, news reports, academic journals, seminars report and reports of research institutes and think tanks. The study highlights that Nepal should prepare itself to meet with the emerging internal and external security challenges what have emerged in recent times. With the rise of India and China, two adversarial powers in the region, Nepal possess extreme challenges in days to come. Similarly, hardly any countries of the world had prepared itself to deal with recent pandemic like COVID-19 that has shattered even the most powerful countries of the world. Taking lessons from these, it is time for Nepal to learn and prepare to mitigate the challenges.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Nitin Kulshrestha

Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20. Design /Methodologies/Approach:  We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020. Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study. JEL Classification Codes: F37.                          


Author(s):  
Z.-M. Zadorozhnyy ◽  
V. Muravskyi ◽  
S. Yatsyshyn ◽  
O. Shevchuk

Abstract. Modern conditions of growing cyber threats caused by the hybrid conflicts around the world and looming biological threat of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the introduction of biometric authentication of employees, leading to the transformation in the methodology and organization of accounting at enterprises. The procedure for accounting and control of time worked and wages of the employees is the first to undergo changes due to the forcibly limited access of employees to the enterprise data and premises, which determines the topicality and aims of this research. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects for monitoring the working time and movement of employees on the premises (facilities) of the enterprise with the use of biometric technology in order to develop the methodology of automation of the accounting of payments made to employees and to ensure the cybersecurity of economic entities. The prospects of using an automated employee checkpoint system based on biometrics for the purposes of accounting and control are explored. The paper improves the methodology of accounting and control over the working time and wages of employees based on the automated employee authentication system using data on the time spent on premises and performance of job functions. Recommendations are made on ensuring biological and cyber security of enterprises in terms of categorizing the enterprise premises and equipment according to their functions and level of access to information and material flows. The research examines the prospects of accounting for the employee costs, as well as accurate distribution of overhead and other costs based on data of the biometric employee authentication system. It is advised to conduct further research into the peculiarities of methodology and organization of accounting under conditions of distance and isolated job performance by accounting employees, as it raises the requirements to cybersecurity of enterprises. Keywords: accounting, working time, wages (salary), biometrics, employee authentication, automation of accounting and control, cybersecurity, COVID-19. JEL Classification M41, M49 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 18.


Author(s):  
Ümit Hacıoğlu ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Zuhal Akça

The latest financial situation in capital markets in advanced economies, emerging markets, and the Euro zone illustrates that volatility and risks related to global economic activity and global financial markets have impact on local capital markets and directly affects the value of company stocks even though an investor diversified his/her risk by investing in a portfolio. The initial public offering process, performance evaluation methods, and price determination became key factors for companies and investors. In this chapter, advantages and disadvantages of IPO, pricing methods and performance evaluation methods are assessed.


2017 ◽  
pp. 1293-1315
Author(s):  
Ümit Hacıoğlu ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Zuhal Akça

The latest financial situation in capital markets in advanced economies, emerging markets, and the Euro zone illustrates that volatility and risks related to global economic activity and global financial markets have impact on local capital markets and directly affects the value of company stocks even though an investor diversified his/her risk by investing in a portfolio. The initial public offering process, performance evaluation methods, and price determination became key factors for companies and investors. In this chapter, advantages and disadvantages of IPO, pricing methods and performance evaluation methods are assessed.


2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Baker

The theme of this paper is that in seeking to develop strategies for the future, we should not neglect or overlook hard-won lessons from the past. Learning through direct experience is almost invariably a process of experimentation or trial and error. It is uncertain, time-consuming, inefficient, and often risky. Accordingly, if we encounter a problem new to ourselves, our first reaction should be: “Has anyone encountered this problem before?” If so, then “What did they do, with what results?” Answers to these questions are to be found in the so-called secondary sources that record the knowledge gained by previous generations. Knowledge is distilled experience which has accumulated over time. It represents our current understanding of how the world works and, because it has been recorded, it is usually easily available and often free. Common sense dictates that we should start any problem-solving activity by establishing what we know already. To support this argument, this article reviews the processes of knowledge creation and ‘cumulativity’. Unless and until we have confirmed what is already known about a subject, any effort to solve a new problem can only be a hit-or-miss affair — a case of managerial myopia. Therefore, while addressing an important question such as the role of marketing in emerging economies, we should first define what we mean by ‘emerging economies’ and ‘marketing.’ Marketing is a synthetic discipline that integrates findings from other disciplines like economics, psychology, and sociology into a holistic explanation of commercial exchange behaviour. As for emerging economies, indeed, all the advanced economies were emerging economies once, and it is quite evident that as the Industrial Revolution that started in Great Britain in the 18th century spread through Europe and North America, so each newly indutrialized country, in turn, achieved take-off more quickly by learning from the experience of its predecessors. In conclusion, this paper cites three examples of robust ideas that have stood the test of time and offers important insights into marketing today: Ricardo's ‘Theory of Comparative Advantage’ which argues that countries should specialize in doing what they do best and exchange their surpluses with other countries Darwin‘s theory of evolution and its marketing derivative — the product life cycle Copeland's ‘classification of goods’ that first identified the importance of defining goods and services in terms of needs and benefits. The message is that our knowledge of marketing is universal. Marketing is marketing—everywhere.


2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Said ◽  
P. P. Agung ◽  
W. P. B. Putra ◽  
S. Anwar ◽  
A. S. Wulandari ◽  
...  

Selection of livestock was purposed to increase productivity. A performance test was conducted using 25 males and 25 females of Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The performance test were conducted in three periods (2014, 2015 and 2016) for about 535 days. Descriptive statistics ws used to analyze data of body weight. Cattle with age between 300 to 600 days were used for evaluation. Result showed that heritability value of yearling weight (YW365) was 0.77+0.68 as a high category. The highest breeding value of YW365 were 66.05 kg (male) and 41.89 kg (female). The average of corrected final weight (CFW) weight were 172.55+34.22 kg (male) and 159.80+37.73 kg (female). The performance test in this study obtained six A class (1 bull and 5 cows) based on the standard minimum of body measurements for SO cattle.


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