MORPHOLOGICAL AND OPTICAL STUDIES OF PZN-4.5PT NANOPARTICLES THIN FILMS ON NANOSTRUCTURED SILICON SUBSTRATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. CA2105-1-CA2105-4
Author(s):  
C. Y. Fall Ndeye ◽  
◽  
M. Touré ◽  
R. Ndioukane ◽  
D. Kobor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Light Power ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Uv Visible

The development of renewable energies is today essential to be able to respond in a sustainably way to the growing energy needs on a global scale, as well as to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global warming. Among these energies, photovoltaic technology, which converts light power of the sun (renewable source) into electric power, is a major player in the energy transition. However, there is now a need to develop efficient, competitive and less polluting photovoltaic technologies, allowing more energy to be produced at a lower cost. The Pb (Zn<sub>1/3</sub> Nb<sub>2/3</sub>) O<sub>3</sub> (PZN) relaxor and its solid solutions with ferroelectric PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (PT) are of considerable interest both from the applications point of view and from the scientific point of view. In the past, numerous attempts have been made to prepare and study the properties of these materials in the form of thin layers for photovoltaic applications. However, due to the difficulties in preparing pure phase films with a high PZN content, there is very little knowledge of the properties of these materials. The objective of this work is to prepare PZN-4.5PT nanoparticle thin films, to study in detail their morphological and optical properties. The studies were carried out in three main directions: preparation of thin layers (PZN-PT) by deposit of spin coating, and characterize for optical and morphological properties (SEM). UV-visible measurements allowed us to have reflectance of less than 30% after deposit a thin layer PZN-4.5PT doped 1% Mn and undoped for a 70 at 80% absorption in UV-Visible-NIR.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of C, SnO2, and C+SnO2 Materials through Resistance Measurement, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nabila Rahmasari ◽  
Azka Fathia ◽  
Wipsar Dwandaru
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Resistance Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Sno2 Thin Films ◽  
Uv Visible

The objectives of this study are i) to determine an electrical property, especially resistance, of carbon  (C), tin oxide (SnO2), and C+SnO2 thin films. ii) to determine the optical property of C, SnO2 and C+SnO2 thin films based on UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). and iii) to determine the crystallinity of C, SnO2 and C+SnO2 thin films based on X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show different physical characteristics from the three samples of the thin film layers. The result on the resistance measurement shows that C thin film has the lowest resistance, followed by SnO2, and C+SnO2 thin films with resistance values of 1.0769 mΩ, 1.0774 mΩ, and 3.8875 mΩ, respectively. The UV-Vis results show a peak for each of the thin film at 256 nm, 257 nm, and 258 nm for C, SnO2, and C+SnO2, respectively, which is in the UV area. The XRD results show that the C and SnO2 thin layers are amorphous while C+SnO2 thin layer is crystal

Electrical Anisotropy of Thin Metal Films Growing on Dielectric Substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
L. Jakučionis ◽  
V. Kleiza
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Uniaxial Anisotropy ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Electrical Anisotropy ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Unequal Probability ◽  
Conductive Thin Films

Electrical properties of conductive thin films, that are produced by vacuum evaporation on the dielectric substrates, and which properties depend on their thickness, usually are anisotropic i.e. they have uniaxial anisotropy. If the condensate grow on dielectric substrates on which plane electrical field E is created the transverse voltage U⊥ appears on the boundary of the film in the direction perpendicular to E. Transverse voltage U⊥ depends on the angle γ between the applied magnetic field H and axis of light magnetisation. When electric field E is applied to continuous or grid layers, U⊥ and resistance R of layers are changed by changing γ. It means that value of U⊥ is the measure of anisotropy magnitude. Increasing voltage U0 , which is created by E, U⊥ increases to certain magnitude and later decreases. The anisotropy of continuous thin layers is excited by inequality of conductivity tensor components σ0 ≠ σ⊥. The reason of anisotropy is explained by the model which shows that properties of grain boundaries are defined by unequal probability of transient of charge carrier.

scholarly journals Emergence and Evolution of Crystallization in TiO2 Thin Films: A Structural and Morphological Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Ofelia Durante ◽  
Cinzia Di Giorgio ◽  
Veronica Granata ◽  
Joshua Neilson ◽  
Rosalba Fittipaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Among all transition metal oxides, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most intensively investigated materials due to its large range of applications, both in the amorphous and crystalline forms. We have produced amorphous TiO2 thin films by means of room temperature ion-plasma assisted e-beam deposition, and we have heat-treated the samples to study the onset of crystallization. Herein, we have detailed the earliest stage and the evolution of crystallization, as a function of both the annealing temperature, in the range 250–1000 °C, and the TiO2 thickness, varying between 5 and 200 nm. We have explored the structural and morphological properties of the as grown and heat-treated samples with Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We have observed an increasing crystallization onset temperature as the film thickness is reduced, as well as remarkable differences in the crystallization evolution, depending on the film thickness. Moreover, we have shown a strong cross-talking among the complementary techniques used displaying that also surface imaging can provide distinctive information on material crystallization. Finally, we have also explored the phonon lifetime as a function of the TiO2 thickness and annealing temperature, both ultimately affecting the degree of crystallinity.

scholarly journals Design of a Smart Nanogrid for Increasing Energy Efficiency of Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3683
Author(s):  
Yerasimos Yerasimou ◽  
Marios Kynigos ◽  
Venizelos Efthymiou ◽  
George E. Georghiou
Keyword(s):  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Battery Energy

Distributed generation (DG) systems are growing in number, diversifying in driving technologies and providing substantial energy quantities in covering the energy needs of the interconnected system in an optimal way. This evolution of technologies is a response to the needs of the energy transition to a low carbon economy. A nanogrid is dependent on local resources through appropriate DG, confined within the boundaries of an energy domain not exceeding 100 kW of power. It can be a single building that is equipped with a local electricity generation to fulfil the building’s load consumption requirements, it is electrically interconnected with the external power system and it can optionally be equipped with a storage system. It is, however, mandatory that a nanogrid is equipped with a controller for optimisation of the production/consumption curves. This study presents design consideretions for nanogrids and the design of a nanogrid system consisting of a 40 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) managed via a central converter able to perform demand-side management (DSM). The implementation of the nanogrid aims at reducing the CO2 footprint of the confined domain and increase its self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Suardi ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Carina Gunnarsson ◽  
Martin Sundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
Staple Crop

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha−1), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

Periodically organized mesoporous silica thin layers as host for phosphinines-stabilized gold nanoparticles: UV–visible sensing of small thiols and phosphines

2006 ◽  
Vol 495 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Goettmann ◽  
Audrey Moores ◽  
Cédric Boissière ◽  
Pascal Le Floch ◽  
Clément Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Uv Visible

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 Thin Films Using Metal Alkoxide Precursors

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1702-1708
Author(s):  
Ruichao Zhang ◽  
Ren Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Stoichiometry Control ◽  
Alkoxide Precursors

A novel two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process was used in this study to prepare Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) thin films. Two thin layers of single-phase SrNb2O6 and BaNb2O6 were deposited alternately on a silicon substrate, and the solid solution of SBN was obtained by high-temperature annealing. The stoichiometry control of the SrNb2O6 and the BaNb2O6 thin films was achieved through deposition process control, according to the evaporation characteristics of double metal alkoxide. The evaporation behavior of double metal alkoxide precursors SrNb2(1-OC4H9)12 and BaNb2(1-OC4H9)12 was studied, and the results were compared with the evaporation of single alkoxide Nb(1-OC4H9)5.

Polyaniline/SnO2 Nanocomposite Sensor for NO2 Gas Sensing at Low Operating Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sharma ◽  
M. Tomar ◽  
V. Gupta ◽  
A. Badola ◽  
N. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties

In this paper gas sensing properties of 0.5–3% polyaniline (PAni) doped SnO 2 thin films sensors prepared by chemical route have been studied towards the trace level detection of NO 2 gas. The structural, optical and surface morphological properties of the PAni doped SnO 2 thin films were investigated by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy measurements. A good correlation has been identified between the microstructural and gas sensing properties of these prepared sensors. Out of these films, 1% PAni doped SnO 2 sensor showed high sensitivity towards NO 2 gas along with a sensitivity of 3.01 × 102 at 40°C for 10 ppm of gas. On exposure to NO 2 gas, resistance of all sensors increased to a large extent, even greater than three orders of magnitude. These changes in resistance upon removal of NO 2 gas are found to be reversible in nature and the prepared composite film sensors showed good sensitivity with relatively faster response/recovery speeds.

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