scholarly journals The influence of birth weight and gestational age on kidney function in premature infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Bella D. Tsintsadze ◽  
Klavdiya A. Kazakova ◽  
Vladislav V. Chernikov ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko ◽  
Aleksey N. Tsygin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Introduction. The impact of prematurity on the functional state of the kidneys in infants has not yet been sufficiently studied. Aim. To determine the influence of birth weight and gestational age on the creatinine level in the blood and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early childhood. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of 316 children aged from 1 month to 1.5 years, hospitalized at the Department of Early Childhood Pathology (National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow) from 2012 to 2020 due to consequences of perinatal CNS damage. Children without congenital kidney diseases, with normal urine values in medical history, without structural abnormalities on ultrasound were included in this study. Serum creatinine was determined by the enzymatic method, GFR - by the Schwartz’s formula using a coefficient of 0.413, as well as, previously proposed coefficients of 0.33 for premature and 0.44 for full-term infants. Results. In premature infants, notably born with extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight, at the age of 1 year, serum creatinine is reduced compared to full-term infants, GFR in deep-premature infants exceeds the level of GFR in full-term infants by the year. The results allow concluding the method of calculating GFR by formulas based on serum creatinine to be invalid. Due to possible hyperfiltration in preterm infants, they need regular monitoring urine tests, blood pressure, due to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions. It is necessary to search for other methods for determining GFR in extremely premature infants. The established indices of the blood creatinine content can be used as reference values for different periods of gestation and body weight at birth in institutions using the enzymatic method for determining blood creatinine. The obtained GFR indices as a reference can be recommended for full-term and premature babies born after 32 weeks of gestation and with a birth weight of more than 1500 g.

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Kicking Movements in Preterm Infants With Very Low Birth Weight and Full-Term Infants

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Fang Jeng ◽  
Li-Chiou Chen ◽  
Kuo-Inn Tsou Yau
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Spontaneous Movements

Abstract Background and Purpose. Study of kicking development provides important information to understand how early spontaneous movements change in infants as they acquire voluntary control. Researchers have investigated the kicking movements of preterm infants; however, the movement patterns that they have described were inconsistent. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the development of kicking movements with kinematic analysis in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) and full-term infants. Subjects and Methods. Twenty-two infants with VLBW who were divided into low gestational age (gestational age of <30 weeks, n=9) and high gestational age (gestational age of ≥30 weeks, n=13) classes and 22 full-term infants were evaluated during kicking movements using 4 synchronized cameras and 3-dimensional kinematic analysis when the infants were 2 and 4 months of corrected age. Results. The infants with VLBW and a high gestational age showed similar kicking movements compared with the full-term infants. In contrast, the infants with VLBW and a low gestational age exhibited a higher kick frequency and a shorter flexion phase at 4 months of corrected age. They also exhibited a higher hip-knee correlation and lower variability in the interlimb coordination pattern at 2 and 4 months of corrected age. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings indicate that infants with VLBW, particularly those with a low gestational age, have age-related differences in movement organization and coordination of kicking compared with full-term infants.

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-628
Author(s):  
Mary O. Cruise
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Growth Measurement

Physicians may need to consider the growth of children–especially those of unusual size for age–from two different viewpoints. Most pediatricians are used to thinking of what may be called distance growth: how "normal" is a child's actual length at 2 years? The other aspect, velocity growth, expresses the rate or speed at which the child has grown. This may be equal for children of corresponding ages, whereas their distance growth may vary greatly. Failure of growth at a normal rate in one child should be investigated whereas another child with horizontal growth measurement outside ± 2 SD, but with normal velocity growth may require no investigation. Data from this study provide not only mean measurements for weight, length, and head circumference of low birth weight infants who are grouped by sex and gestational age, but also provide velocity growth from birth through 3 years of age. Preterm infants (gestational age < 37 weeks) had greater velocity growth rates than small-for-date infants (full-term, low birth weight). At 1, 2, and 3 years the SFD infants had the smallest mean measurements of all the study groups of low birth weight infants. Comparative full-term infants were larger than low birth weight infants from birth through 3 years of age.

THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM IN THE PREMATURE INFANT

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andrew ◽  
B A Paes ◽  
R A Milner ◽  
P J Powers ◽  
M Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Term Infants

A cohort study was performed to determine the postnatal development of the coagulation system in the “healthy” premature infant. Mothers were approached for consent and a total of 132 premature infants were entered into the study. The group consisted of 64 infants with gestational ages of 34-36 weeks (prem 1) and 68 infants whose gestational age was 33 weeks or less (prem 2). Demographic information and a 2 ml blood sample were obtained on days 1, 5, 30, 90, and 180. Plasma was fractionated and stored at −70°C for batch assaying of the following tests: screening tests, PT, APTT; factor assays (biologic (B)); fibrinogen, II, V, VII, VIII:C, IX, X, XI, XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, XIII (immunologic (I)); inhibitors (I), antithrombin III, aα2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, α-anti-trypsin, Cl esterase inhibitor, protein C, protein S, and the fibrinolytic system (B); plasminogen. We have previously reported an identical study for 118 full term infants. The large number of premature and full term infants studied at varying time points allowed us to determine the following: 1) coagulation tests vary with the gestational age and postnatal age of the infant; 2) each factor has a unique postnatal pattern of maturation; 3) near adult values are achieved by 6 months of age; 4) premature infants have a more rapid postnatal development of the coagulation system compared to the full term infant; and 5) the range of reference values for two age groups of premature infants has been established for each of the assays. These reference values will provide a basis for future investigation of specific hemorrhagic and thrombotic problems in the newborn infant.

scholarly journals Poor Bifidobacterial Colonization Is Associated with Late Provision of Colostrum and Improved with Probiotic Supplementation in Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Tanaka ◽  
Yoshitaka Nakamura ◽  
Masaki Terahara ◽  
Takahide Yanagi ◽  
Sayuri Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Rich

This study aimed to evaluate the association between bifidobacterial colonization in low birth weight infants and perinatal factors, including the timing of initial colostrum and the effect of probiotics on this colonization. In this non-randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 98 low-birth-weight infants from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Japan. Infants were divided into three groups: group N (no intervention), group H (received non-live bifidobacteria), and group L (received live bifidobacteria). The number of bifidobacteria in the infants’ stools at 1 month of age was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We divided infants into “rich bifidobacteria” (≥104.8 cells/g feces) and “poor bifidobacteria” (<104.8 cells/g feces) subgroups. The ratio of “rich bifidobacteria” infants was 20/31, 34/36, and 30/30 in groups N, H, and L, respectively. In group N, the “rich bifidobacteria” group received first colostrum significantly earlier than the “poor bifidobacteria” group (1 day vs. 4 days, P < 0.05). Compared with the N group, both groups H and L had a significantly high proportion of “rich bifidobacteria” infants (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterial colonization was poor in premature infants at 1 month compared with term infants, and the level of colonization was associated with the timing of initial provision of colostrum. Providing probiotics to premature infants can improve bifidobacterial colonization.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Response of Premature Infants after Primary and Booster Immunisation with a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Poliovirus/Haemophilus InfluenzaeType B Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Omeñaca ◽  
Jose Garcia-Sicilia ◽  
Reyes Boceta ◽  
Pilar García-Corbeira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal depression is associated with low birth weight through shorter gestational age in term infants in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung Yoon Chang ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Kyung-Sook Lee ◽  
In Ae Choi ◽  
Se Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infants
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