scholarly journals Composite Enclaves: Towards Disaggregated Trusted Execution

2021 ◽  
pp. 630-656
Author(s):  
Moritz Schneider ◽  
Aritra Dhar ◽  
Ivan Puddu ◽  
Kari Kostiainen ◽  
Srdjan Čapkun
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trusted Computing ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trusted Computing Base ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Configurable Hardware ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Specialized Hardware

The ever-rising computation demand is forcing the move from the CPU to heterogeneous specialized hardware, which is readily available across modern datacenters through disaggregated infrastructure. On the other hand, trusted execution environments (TEEs), one of the most promising recent developments in hardware security, can only protect code confined in the CPU, limiting TEEs’ potential and applicability to a handful of applications. We observe that the TEEs’ hardware trusted computing base (TCB) is fixed at design time, which in practice leads to using untrusted software to employ peripherals in TEEs. Based on this observation, we propose composite enclaves with a configurable hardware and software TCB, allowing enclaves access to multiple computing and IO resources. Finally, we present two case studies of composite enclaves: i) an FPGA platform based on RISC-V Keystone connected to emulated peripherals and sensors, and ii) a large-scale accelerator. These case studies showcase a flexible but small TCB (2.5 KLoC for IO peripherals and drivers), with a low-performance overhead (only around 220 additional cycles for a context switch), thus demonstrating the feasibility of our approach and showing that it can work with a wide range of specialized hardware.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Gledhill ◽  
Julia Knight
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Film History ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Silent Cinema ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

This book examines film history with the goal of reframing it to accommodate new approaches to women's filmmaking. It brings together a wide range of case studies investigating women's work in cinema across its histories as they play out in different parts of the world from the pioneering days of silent cinema through recent developments in HD transmissions of live opera. It also tackles a range of conceptual and methodological questions about how to research women's film history—how, for example, to reconceptualize film history in order to locate the impact of women in that history. Furthermore, the book looks at the debates over relations among gender, aesthetics, and feminism. In this introduction, a number of interrelated themes and issues that can be grouped into four broad problematics are discussed: evidence and interpretation; feminist expectations of both contemporary and past women's filmmaking; the impact of women's film history on existing historical narratives and theories; and factors that determine the visibility of women's films and build audiences for them.

Understanding the Role of the Corporation in Sustainability Transitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali A. Delmas ◽  
Thomas P. Lyon ◽  
John W. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systemic Change ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Responsible Investing ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Wide Range

The state of the planet calls for large-scale sustainability transitions involving systemic adoption of markedly better environmental and social practices. The objective of this symposium is to better understand the role of corporations in promoting such systemic change. We present four case studies—representing diverse industries and change mechanisms—-to investigate corporate leadership in sustainability transitions. The cases examine a wide range of mechanisms used by corporations to progress toward sustainability, such as political coalition building and information strategies through eco-labels, socially responsible investing, and the public statements of CEOs. In this introduction, we discuss the challenges associated with both achieving and studying systemic change, explain the rationale for a case study approach, describe the findings from the case studies, and draw some general conclusions on the mechanisms by which firms may be able to lead, or at least participate in, systemic change in the different phases of sustainability transitions.

scholarly journals Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Fuad G. Torizal ◽  
Ikki Horiguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cell Propagation

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.

Monitoring in-Service Changes in Materials Properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Parker ◽  
L H Bisbee
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Properties ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steam Plant ◽  
Non Destructive

The safe operation of a wide range of large-scale plant depends on knowledge of component specific materials properties. Techniques that allow reliable measurement of changes in critical properties are therefore vital. The present paper describes a new procedure for removing miniature material samples. The technique can be applied even in difficult access conditions and results in minimum material removal so that sampling is effectively non-destructive. Specific case studies where this technique has been applied to the condition assessment of steam plant are described.

scholarly journals Does the Newly Shaping Structure in Energy Sector Mean a New Order for the World?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Tutulmaz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Order ◽  
New Order ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Recent Developments

The recent developments bring US to a major natural gas and oil producer position. The attempts in last 20 years to bring new horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies together have developed a success in shale gas and oil production in US; the production volumes has reached to a position to redefine the market. Last estimations are bringing more information about the shale capacities of the major basins of the world. However, the estimates are based on a wide range of assumptions and consequently their results vary in a large scale. In any case, these developments have crucial economic, political and geopolitical consequences on the energy market, petroleum producer and consumer countries and regions. Despite the wide range of ambiguity of the estimated size of the resources, the estimations show US and North America has one of the biggest potential, already turning technology into the giant production numbers. Some of the estimations allege so big numbers can even mean to a new world order. The asymmetric nature of the potential, can also be said, increases some of the expected impacts too. In this study, basically, we want to supply an initial solid and economical evaluation to this ambiguity. We are trying to shape a frame for the new energy potential and to put it in a place in the current practice of the world. Secondly, in this context, we are underlying here some of the possible economic and geopolitical consequences each of which can constitute a subject of deeper study.

scholarly journals Configurable DDS as Uniform Middleware for Data Communication in Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Alaa Alaerjan ◽  
Dae-Kyoo Kim ◽  
Hua Ming ◽  
Hwimin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Object Constraint Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Performance

Data Distribution Service (DDS) has emerged as a potential solution for data communication challenges in smart grids. DDS is designed to support quality communication for large scale real-time systems through a wide range of QoS policies. However, a smart grid involves various types of communication applications running on different computing environments. Some environments have limited computing resources such as small memory and low performance, which makes it difficult to accommodate DDS. In this paper, we present a feature-based approach for tailoring DDS to configure lightweight DDS by selecting only the necessary features for the application in consideration of the resource constraints of its running environment. This allows DDS to serve as a uniform communication middleware across the smart grid, which is critical for interoperability. We analyze DDS in terms of features and design them using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraint Language (OCL) based on inheritance and overriding. We define a formal notion of feature composition to build DDS configurations. We implemented the approach in OpenDDS and demonstrate its application to different application environments. We also experimented the approach for the efficiency of configured DDS in terms of resource utilization. The results show that configured DDS is viable for efficient and quality data communication for applications that run on an environment with limited computing capability.

scholarly journals Novel approaches for large-scale two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05040
Author(s):  
Mohamed F.M. Yossef ◽  
J. S. de Jong ◽  
A. Spruyt ◽  
M. Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Model Setup ◽  
Using Data

For decades, the decision-making process for water management in the Netherlands makes full utilisation of state of the art models. For rivers, two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are considered essential for a wide range of questions. Every five years, there is a major model revision that includes software updates, improved physical processes, new modelling strategy, and a new calibration. 2017 marked the setup and calibration of the first river model in the sixth generation of these models. In this paper, we discuss the most recent developments in two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of rivers. We give an overview of the process followed to agree on the functional design of the model and address the use of the recently developed Delft3D Flexible Mesh suite. We address, in some details: i) a mesh independent approach for model setup; ii) the utilisation of a new calibration technique, which is automated using data assimilation and includes spatial and discharge dependencies; and iii) the use of a novel operational module to control hydraulic structures. The first river model within the 6th generation of models is that of the Meuse River, where the new approaches are being successfully applied. In conclusion: the mesh independent modelling approach offers great flexibility and facilitates that the same data set can be used for multiple versions of the model (e.g. different grid resolution; or different model extent). The automated calibration approach makes it possible to utilise a comprehensive calibration data set for a large-scale model in a reproducible way. The increased complexity of modelling has become possible over the last decade due to the availability of large datasets and increased computational power. This paper is particularly relevant for modellers and decision makers alike.

scholarly journals What Change Can The New Developments In Energy Sector Bring Into the World`s Energypolitical and Geopolitical Order?

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Onur TUTULMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Order ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Recent Developments

The recent developments bring US to a leading natural gas and oil producer position. The attempts in last 20 years to bring new horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies together have developed a success in shale gas and oil production in US; the production volumes has reached to a position to redefine the market. Last estimations are bringing more information about the shale capacities of the major basins of the world. However, the estimates are based on a wide range of assumptions and consequently their results vary in a large scale. In any case, these developments have crucial economic, political and geopolitical consequences on the energy market, petroleum producer and consumer countries and regions. Despite the wide range of ambiguity of the estimated size of the resources, the estimations show US and North America has one of the biggest potential, already turning technology into the giant production numbers. Some of the estimations allege so big numbers can even mean to a new world order. The asymmetric nature of the potential, can also be said, increases some of the expected impacts too. In this study, basically, we want to supply an initial solid and economical evaluation to this ambiguity. We are trying to shape a frame for the new energy potential and to put it in a place in the current practice of the world. Secondly, in this context, we are underlying here some of the possible economic and geopolitical consequences each of which can constitute a subject of deeper study.

scholarly journals Banks, Digital Banking Initiatives and the Financial Safety Net: Theory and Analytical Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lumpkin ◽  
Sebastian Schich
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Financial Safety Net

This report presents an analytical framework for exploring the implications of Fintech innovations for incumbent banks and for provision of the financial safety net. The focus is on “digital banking initiatives”, that is, on Fintech initiatives that provide retail financial services akin to those traditionally provided by banks. Banks perform a wide range of functions for individual and institutional customers that help facilitate large-scale economic activity. In fact, in most economies the system of financial intermediation centres on banks and relies on their core products and services for financing of the economy and the maintenance of liquidity. On account of the central role banks play in the financial system, along with concerns about potential systemic instability linked to the riskiness of their activities, these institutions have long been regarded as “special”, as reflected in their prudential regulation and coverage under the various provisions of the financial safety net. Recent developments raise questions about the special status of banks. Two sets of questions are addressed herein: To what extent do new digital banking initiatives change the role that incumbent banks play in the financial system and the way that they perform their functions? To what extent are some of the new digital banking initiatives securing the benefits of the financial safety net without paying the commensurate price? To help address these questions the report first revisits the literature on core functions of the financial system to provide a framework for analysing recent developments. Particular attention is paid in this context to banks and their products and services. The “special” role of banks is discussed, which links to the provisions of the traditional safety net. These overview sections are followed by evidence on Fintech innovations that overlap the core banking products. Based on an examination of the characteristics of these new initiatives, the study then touches on the issue of whether banks are still special and whether some of these initiatives are or should be covered by financial safety net provisions.

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