mRNA Based Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy

The past two decades witnessed a revolution in our understanding of host–microbiota interactions that led to the concept of the super-organism consisting of a eukaryotic part and a prokaryotic part. Owing to the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating the host immune system, it is not beyond all expectations that more and more evidence indicated that the shift of gut microbiota influenced responses to numerous forms of cancer immunotherapy. Therapy targeting gut microbiota is becoming a promising strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota in response to cancer immunotherapy, the mechanisms that the gut microbiota influences cancer immunotherapy, and therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve cancer immunotherapy.

Download Full-text

Targeting Mononuclear Phagocyte Receptors in Cancer Immunotherapy: New Perspectives of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1)

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12051337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1337

Author(s):

Federica Raggi ◽

Maria Bosco

Keyword(s):

Tumor Progression ◽

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Tumor Phenotype

Inflammatory cells are major players in the onset of cancer. The degree of inflammation and type of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are responsible for tilting the balance between tumor progression and regression. Cancer-related inflammation has also been shown to influence the efficacy of conventional therapy. Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) represent a major component of the inflammatory circuit that promotes tumor progression. Despite their potential to activate immunosurveillance and exert anti-tumor responses, MPs are subverted by the tumor to support its growth, immune evasion, and spread. MP responses in the TME are dictated by a network of stimuli integrated through the cross-talk between activatory and inhibitory receptors. Alterations in receptor expression/signaling can create excessive inflammation and, when chronic, promote tumorigenesis. Research advances have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at receptor targeting to induce a tumor-infiltrating MP switch from a cancer-supportive toward an anti-tumor phenotype, demonstrating efficacy in different human cancers. This review provides an overview of the role of MP receptors in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis and discusses the most recent updates regarding their targeting for immunotherapeutic purposes. We focus in particular on the TREM-1 receptor, a major amplifier of MP inflammatory responses, highlighting its relevance in the development and progression of several types of inflammation-associated malignancies and the promises of its inhibition for cancer immunotherapy.

Download Full-text

Publisher Correction: ‘TRAIL-based gene delivery and therapeutic strategies’ and ‘Overview of recent advances in liposomal nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy’

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica ◽

10.1038/s41401-020-0444-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hui-ha Zhong ◽

Hui-yuan Wang ◽

Jian Gao ◽

Yong-zhuo Huang ◽

Ang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Delivery ◽

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Recent Advances

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Download Full-text

TCR-like antibodies in cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology ◽

10.1186/s13045-019-0788-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Qinghua He ◽

Zhaoyu Liu ◽

Zhihua Liu ◽

Yuxiong Lai ◽

Xinke Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Antibody Therapy ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

The Core ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as the most significant scientific breakthrough of 2013, and antibody therapy is at the core of this breakthrough. Despite significant success achieved in recent years, it is still difficult to target intracellular antigens of tumor cells with traditional antibodies, and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies comprise a novel family of antibodies that can recognize peptide/MHC complexes on tumor cell surfaces. TCR-like antibodies can execute specific and significant anti-tumor immunity through several distinct molecular mechanisms, and the success of this type of antibody therapy in melanoma, leukemia, and breast, colon, and prostate tumor models has excited researchers in the immunotherapy field. Here, we summarize the generation strategy, function, and molecular mechanisms of TCR-like antibodies described in publications, focusing on the most significant discoveries.

Download Full-text

The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aar6918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 359 (6382) ◽

pp. 1366-1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 195

Author(s):

Laurence Zitvogel ◽

Yuting Ma ◽

Didier Raoult ◽

Guido Kroemer ◽

Thomas F. Gajewski

Keyword(s):

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Diagnostic Tools

Download Full-text

Applications and advances of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

An-Liang Xia ◽

Qi-Feng He ◽

Jin-Cheng Wang ◽

Jing Zhu ◽

Ye-Qin Sha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Great Promise ◽

Revolutionary Change ◽

Car T Cells ◽

Car T ◽

Short Palindromic Repeat ◽

Cell Death Protein

Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in cancer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system, as an RNA-guided genome editing technology, is triggering a revolutionary change in cancer immunotherapy. With its versatility and ease of use, CRISPR-Cas9 can be implemented to fuel the production of therapeutic immune cells, such as construction of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and programmed cell death protein 1 knockout. Therefore, CRISPR-Cas9 technology holds great promise in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will introduce the origin, development and mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9. Also, we will focus on its various applications in cancer immunotherapy, especially CAR-T cell-based immunotherapy, and discuss the potential challenges it faces.

Download Full-text