scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and its associated risk factors related to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ilam province of Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Fatima Ibrahim ABDULSALAM ◽  
◽  
Tabarak Malik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) surveys precede an awareness or intervention program, it addresses a felt need in a population in which that need exists. In an endemic region of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease occurrence, public enlightenment on its preventive and control measures is highly important. Ilam province of Iran is a provincial border town transited annually by pilgrims was reported to have the most cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis ranking highest since 2010 yet no report on KAP survey has been previously conducted.

scholarly journals Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yibeltal Terefe ◽  
Berihun Afera ◽  
Abrha Bsrat ◽  
Zewdu Syoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Objective. To assess the distribution of human leishmaniasis and assess community knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to assumed risk factors and control options used by the society. Methods. Retrospective study from November 2013 to May 2014 was used. Six-year data from Metemma hospital record was reviewed and 89 people were interviewed. Results. The rates were 29% (n = 374/1270) and 26% (n = 328/1270) in 2005 E.C and 2003 E.C, respectively. 94% (1194/1270) of the affected individuals were in the age exceeding 15 years. At the same time, the rates in males and female were 97% (n = 1226/1270) and 3% (n = 44/1270), respectively. According to 88.8% (n = 79/89) of the respondents, transmission occurs through bite of sandflies, while 98.9% (n = 88/89) of the respondent’s indicated that waste disposal in an open space was one of the risk factors for disease occurrence. Regarding the control measures, respondents replied that 73% (n = 65/89) of them use impregnated bed net and others use cleaning and proper waste disposal. Conclusion. The current finding indicated that the disease was common in the study area; as a result, proper use of impregnated bed net, early diagnosis and treatment, and reduction of different risk factors were essential.

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

scholarly journals Attitudes, knowledge and practices of healthcare workers regarding occupational exposure of pulmonary tuberculosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley T. Bhebhe ◽  
Cornel Van Rooyen ◽  
Wilhelm J. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Background: Healthcare-associated tuberculosis (TB) has become a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs are inevitably exposed to TB, due to frequent interaction with patients with undiagnosed and potentially contagious TB. Whenever there is a possibility of exposure, implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is critical.Objective: Following a high incidence of TB among HCWs at Maluti Adventist Hospital in Lesotho, a study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of HCWs regarding healthcare-associated TB infection and infection controls.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in June 2011; it involved HCWs at Maluti Adventist Hospital who were involved with patients and/or sputum. Stratified sampling of 140 HCWs was performed, of whom, 129 (92.0%) took part. A self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used.Results: Most respondents (89.2%) had appropriate knowledge of transmission, diagnosis and prevention of TB; however, only 22.0% of the respondents knew the appropriate method of sputum collection. All of the respondents (100.0%) were motivated and willing to implement IPC measures. A significant proportion of participants (36.4%) reported poor infection control practices, with the majority of inappropriate practices being the administrative infection controls (> 80.0%). Only 38.8% of the participants reported to be using the appropriate N-95 respirator.Conclusion: Poor infection control practices regarding occupational TB exposure were demonstrated, the worst being the first-line administrative infection controls. Critical knowledge gaps were identified; however, there was encouraging willingness by HCWs to adapt to recommended infection control measures. Healthcare workers are inevitably exposed to TB, due to frequent interaction with patients with undiagnosed and potentially contagious TB. Implementation of infection prevention and control practices is critical whenever there is a possibility of exposure.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Prevention and Control of COVID-19 among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Radha Paudel ◽  
Sarita Shrestha ◽  
Laxmi Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: COVID-19 has become a global health threat and the disease burden is expected to increase more. Nurses are the front lines of COVID management. Because this work requires close personal exposure to patients with COVID-19, nurses are at high risk of infection, contributing to further spread. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices can influence the prevention and control of pandemic. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses.   Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 141 nurses from the central hospital, Kathmandu. A purposive sampling technique was used and the data collection date was June 5 to July 20, 2020. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.   Results: The study showed that 60.3% of the participants had good knowledge, 53.2% of them had acceptable practice and a cent percent (100%) of them had a positive attitude on the preventive and control measures against COVID-19. More than 3/4th (75.8%) of them were agreed to handle the COVID-19 outbreak confidently in their healthcare setup. Although, 85.8% of participants were worried that they and their family members will probably get infected with COVID-19 while working in the hospital. However, 39% of them were feeling isolated by their community, and relatives due to their profession.   Conclusions: Nurses have good knowledge, a positive attitude, and acceptable practice about prevention and control of COVID-19. However, the level of some knowledge and practice was still lower than that expected.      Keywords: Attitude; COVID; Knowledge; nurses; prevention and control; practice    

Knowledge Levels Match Control Practices of Cerebral Coenurosis by Pastoral Community in Iringa District Council, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A.M. Lupindu ◽  
J. Nzalawahe
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pastoral Community ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Cerebral Coenurosis ◽  
And Control

Cerebral coenurosis is a disease of small ruminants which causes economic loss worldwide. Different studies in Tanzania have reported the cause, transmission, signs, prevalence, risk factors and control measures of cerebral coenurosis. Transfer of this research-based information to livestock keepers may influence practicability and efficacy of intervention. The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge levels and control practices of coenurosis by pastoralists in Iringa district. A total of 267 respondents were interviewed on livestock management practices, knowledge, losses and coping strategies of coenurosis. The average knowledge score on coenurosis detection (definition, hosts, signs, and diagnosis, including postmortem) was 90.3%. In contrast, knowledge on infection cycle and control was zero, implying that respondents were completely not informed about etiology, transmission and control of coenurosis. Involvement of dogs in coenurosis cycle was not known to respondents such that they all gave head of sheep and goats to dogs while 82.8% had never dewormed their dogs. About 83% of respondents experienced at least, one cases of coenurosis in the last 12 months. There was no formal coenurosis control program, but heating the head of sick animal with hot iron, selling, slaughter, treatment with antibiotics, or local herbs and doing nothing were the reported management strategies. Lack of knowledge on the cause, transmission and control of cerebral coenurosis may be associated with inappropriate animal management and control of coenurosis in pastoral community in Iringa rural District, including transmission facilitating practices. A coenurosis training package is recommended to farmers before intervention program is instituted.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Risiko Infeksi Leishmaniasis atas Kontingen Garuda di Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
I Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana ◽  
Abimanyu Hilmawan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Latar belakang: Suriah merupakan wilayah endemik Cutaneous Leishmaniasis dengan kasus infeksi yang terburuk di dunia. Akibat perang saudara dan  terorisme, infeksi penyakit Cutaneous Leishmaniasis atas rakyat Suriah menjadi tidak terkendali dengan kasus sebesar 58.156 di tahun 2011, 71.996 di tahun 2013, dan 50.972 kasus di tahun 2015. Konflik berkepanjangan mendorong dislokasi rakyat Suriah ke negara-negara di sekitarnya, salah satunya Lebanon. Catatan kasus Cutaneous Leishmaniasis di Lebanon selalu baik dalam jangka tahun 2006 hingga 2015 (selalu di bawah 7 kasus). Namun akibat dislokasi rakyat Suriah ke Lebanon, menimbulkan peningkatan imported case Cutaneous Leishmaniasis yang terus meningkat dari 1.033 kasus di tahun 2013 menjadi 1.393 di tahun 2015. Sejak tahun 2006, Indonesia mengirim Kontingen Garuda untuk misi perdamaian di perbatasan Lebanon-Israel. Dengan meningkatnya risiko infeksi Cutaneous Leishmaniasis di Lebanon, belum adanya gambaran berapa lama konflik di Suriah akan berakhir, dan belum jelasnya kapan misi perdamaian Indonesia di Lebanon akan selesai, risiko infeksi Leishmaniasis atas prajurit TNI semakin tinggi. Tujuan paper ini adalah memberikan masukan bagaimana Kontingen Garuda di Lebanon memperkecil risiko infeksi Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Metode: Paper ini disusun dengan teknik studi literatur (literature review) mengenai praktik pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi Leishmaniasis menggunakan teknik Miles, Huberman dan Saldana (2014) yaitu data condensation, data display, dan conclusion drawing.Hasil: Vaksin penyakit Leishmaniasis belum ditemukan dan obat-obatan untuk penyembuhannya yang tersedia saat ini masih memiliki  toksisitas tinggi. Mencegah gigitan lalat pasir dengan alat pelindung diri, rekayasa lingkungan untuk penurunan populasi lalat pasir dan hewan inang, serta mengkarantina dan memulihkan inang manusia adalah cara paling efektif untuk mengontrol risiko infeksi Leishmaniasis.Simpulan: Mencegah gigitan lalat pasir adalah cara terbaik dalam memperkecil risiko infeksi Leishmaniasis. Pemberantasan vektor dan inang, serta penggunaan alat pelindung diri adalah langkah yang perlu diambil Kontingen Garuda untuk memperkecil risiko infeksi Leishmaniasis. ABSTRACTTitle: The Urgency to Prevent and Control the Risk of Leishmaniasis Infection on the Garuda Contingent in LebanonBackground: Syria is an endemic region of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with the worst infection case in the world. Fueled by civil war and terrorism, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis infection ravage the country with 58.156 cases in 2011, 71.996 cases in 2013, and 50.972 cases in 2015. The prolonged conflict force the dislocations of Syrians to neighbouring countries such as Lebanon. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis case in Lebanon is relatively low but as the refugee from Syria entering the border, the imported case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis increases. As Indonesia keep sending Garuda Contingent to Lebanon for peacekeeping mission since 2006, this caused a worry that the troops may infected with Leishmaniasis. The aim of this paper is to give inputs about how to suppress the risk of infection between Garuda Contingent in Lebanon.Methods: literature review from journals about Leishmaniasis prevention and control using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s (2014) analytical technique of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing.Results: Vaccine for Leishmaniasis is yet to be found and the medicines for the treatment is still have high toxicity. Preventing the sandfly bites by using self protective measures/equipment, environmental engineering to reduce Leishmaniasis reservoir and vector, quarantine the infected human and curing the victim are the most effective way to control the risk of Leishmaniasis infeections.Conclusion:  Preventing sandfly bite is the best way to suppress the risk of Leishmaniasis infection. Vector and reservoir control, and the use self protective measures and equipment is necessary to lower the Leishmaniasis infection risks to Garuda Contingent.

scholarly journals Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones; Buthidae): response to chemical control and understanding of scorpionism among the population

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Maria Ribeiro de Albuquerque ◽  
Marcilania Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Luciana Iannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Dispersive Effect ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

In this study, the events following application of the insecticideDemand 2.5 concentrated solution (CS) in the field, to control Tityus stigmurus, were investigated. Data on attitudes and practices relating to scorpionism were collected using a questionnaire. During the months of May to July 2005, 69 premises were monitored on different days following insecticide treatment, focusing on scorpion frequency and mortality. According to the results, 42% of the premises showed scorpion incidence, with an average of three specimens per house. The highest incidence was recorded during the first week following the treatment. Only 7% of the specimens were found dead. Most (72%) of the population showed knowledge about prevention and control measures. Despite this, 100% of the premises presented breeding sites, mainly in debris (79.7%). These results indicate that the scorpion control method used by health agents during this investigation was not efficient, and the results suggest that the method may have had a dispersive effect on these animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in Sheep and Goats and Associated Risk Factors in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Esonu
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease affecting ruminants. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in sheep and goats in Zaria, Kaduna State. A total of 400 faecal samples were collected over a period of three months (July to September, 2018) and examined using the formal ether sedimentation technique. The overall intensity of the infection was one plus(1+) indicating low infection. The prevalence of F. gigantica in the small ruminants examined was 52(13.0%) with sheep having a higher prevalence of 34(17.0%) than in goats 18(9.0%). Higher prevalence of F.gigantica was also observed in adult sheep 28(22.2%) and goats 15(20.0%) than in young ones of sheep 6(8.1%) and goats 3(2.4%).Consequently, higher prevalence of F. gigantica was observed in female sheep and goats with respective prevalence rates of 23(24.2%) and 17(12.1%) than in male sheep and goats with rates of 11(10.5%) and 1(1.7%) respectively. The prevalence of F. gigantica was 8(21.6%), 23(17.0%) and 3(10.7%) for Uda, Yankasa, and Balami breeds of sheep respectively, and 17(10.4%) and 1(2.7%) for Kano Brown and Crosses of goats respectively. Higher prevalence of F. gigantica was observed in ruminants on non-settled farms 37(18.5%) than those on settled farms15(7.5%).The prevalence of F. gigantica was significantly (p<0.05) higher in animals with poor body condition 18(34.0%) than good body condition 1(1.8%) animals. This study has established the presence of F. gigantica in faecal sample of sheep and goats in farms within Zaria, therefore appropriate use of anthelmintics and awareness of the public on the prevention and control measures should be ensured.

scholarly journals Healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic response in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil K. Limbu ◽  
Rano M. Piryani ◽  
Avinash K. Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Background COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic, for which appropriate infection prevention and control measures need to be adopted. Healthcare workers’ adherence to prevention and control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we assessed the KAP among healthcare workers towards the COVID-19 during the ongoing pandemic. Method A self-developed piloted KAP questionnaire was administered to the recruited healthcare workers involved in the COVID-19 response at the Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH), in Bhairahawa, Nepal. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the clinical characteristics, prevention, and management of COVID-19. Assessment on attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on behaviour and change in practices made towards COVID-19 response. Knowledge scores were calculated and compared by demographic characteristics and their attitude and practices towards COVID-19. Data were analysed using bivariate statistics. Results A total of 103 healthcare workers participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 28.24±6.11 years (range: 20–56); 60.2% were females; 61.2% were unmarried; 60.2% had a medical degree, and 39.8% were the nursing staff. The mean knowledge score was 10.59±1.12 (range: 7–13), and it did not vary significantly when adjusted for demographic characteristics. The attitude was positive for 53.4% of the participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.35±1.19 and negative for 46.6% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.88±0.98 (p = 0.02). The practice was good (≥3 score) for 81.5% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.73±1.12 and poor for 18.5% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.46±1.13 (p = 0.24). The attitude of the participants improved with increasing age (29.55±7.17, p = 0.02). Conclusion There is comparably better knowledge regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers. Appropriate practice correlates with better knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19 infection is seen with increasing age. Hence, training on protection and protective measures for having a positive attitude among healthcare workers is necessary against the fight with COVID-19 infection.

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