scholarly journals Device to Device Hybridization in 5G and Beyond: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Lawal ◽  
Aliyu D. Usman ◽  
Abdoulie M.S. Tekanyi ◽  
Hassan A. Abdulkarim ◽  
Abubakar L. Tanko

Abstract- Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is one of the most promising technologies to enhance user experience in 5G and beyond. Despite the huge benefit anticipated, enabling D2D in cellular network has encounter some challenges, these challenges include peer discovery and synchronization, mode selection and interference management. However, resolving these challenges promises improved service delivery, spectrum efficiency and reduced latency amongst other gains.  Attempts to enable D2D in both microwave and millimeter wave network gained some traction in recent years in a bid to enable wider coverage and utilization of the technology. Some of the research attempts, challenges and prosects are discussed in this paper.Keywords- Device-to-Device, Microwave, millimeter wave, Inter-cell Interference

Scarcity in communication spectrum in cellular network is one of the major challenges faced by the service providers around the world. Many efforts were put forth to manage the efficient spectrum distribution among various cells in the network. Reusing the resources by different cells in a safe distance without interference is the current mechanism to improve spectrum efficiency. Spectrum efficiency can be even improved by reusing the resources within a single cell. Device to Device (D2D) communication, a new technology boosts the spectrum reuse inside a cell in 5G. The major hurdle in implementing D2D is in the management of interference in a highly mobile environment. This high mobility risks the life-time of a D2D link and frequent shifting from D2D mode to normal cellular mode will occur. In this paper an effort is put forward to maintain the D2D link as long as possible through a resource exchange mechanism. The exchange occurs when interference by a cellular or D2D link threatens another D2D link. This approach can improve the life-time of a D2D link and thereby improving the consistency of the network.


Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
I. Setyawan ◽  
H. Nuraini

In modern cellular system such as LTE Advanced (LTE-A), frequency reuse scheme is targeted to be applied to fulfill the requirement of high capacity broadband access and high spectrum efficiency. But this kind of frequency planning may lead to the worse inter-cell interference (ICI) level experienced especially by a user located at the cell edge. Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) is considered as an effective way to mitigate inter-cell interference and maintain capacity. We propose a power division SFR, known as multi level SFR technique to minimize ICI in a designed LTE-A network for sub-urban environment. Service area of LTE-A network was first developed to deploy particular number of eNB by using LTE network planning tools in the frequency of 1800 MHz with the use of SISO (Single Input Single Output) antennas. Coverage dimensioning and propagation consideration determine LTE-A parameters which were used in the simulation. Monte carlo simulation is executed to examine the performance of SFR for LTE-A downlink transmission to address different power ratio and traffic loads problem. Both performance of cell edge users and overall cell performance are evaluated in terms of CINR, BLER, and throughput. Performance with SFR is also compared with the classical frequency reuse one and three.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Yanbin Zhang ◽  
Guan Gui

Device-to-Device communication underlaying cellular network can increase the spectrum efficiency due to direct proximity communication and frequency reuse. However, such performance improvement is influenced by the power interference caused by spectrum sharing and social characteristics in each social community jointly. In this investigation, we present a dynamic game theory with complete information based D2D resource allocation scheme for D2D communication underlaying cellular network. In this resource allocation method, we quantify both the rate influence from the power interference caused by the D2D transmitter to cellular users and rate enhancement brought by the social relationships between mobile users. Then, the utility function maximization game is formulated to optimize the overall transmission rate performance of the network, which synthetically measures the final influence from both power interference and sociality enhancement. Simultaneously, we discuss the Nash Equilibrium of the proposed utility function maximization game from a theoretical point of view and further put forward a utility priority searching algorithm based resource allocation scheme. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme attains better performance compared with the other two advanced proposals.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Boabang ◽  
Hoang-Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Quoc-Viet Pham ◽  
Won-Joo Hwang

Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaid cellular network is considered a key integration feature in future cellular network. However, without properly designed interference management, the interference from D2D transmission tends to degrade the performance of cellular users and D2D pairs. In this work, we proposed a network-assisted distributed interference mitigation scheme to address this issue. Specifically, the base station (BS) acts as a control agent that coordinates the cross-tier interference from D2D transmission through a taxation scheme. The cotier interference is controlled by noncooperative game amongst D2D pairs. In general, the outcome of noncooperative game is inefficient due to the selfishness of each player. In our game formulation, reference user who is the victim of cotier interference is factored into the payoff function of each player to obtain fair and efficient outcome. The existence, uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium (NE), and the convergence of the proposed algorithm are characterized using Variational Inequality theory. Finally, we provide simulation results to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Ashikur Rahman Khan ◽  
Main Uddin ◽  
Mahamudul Hasan Rana

A single bidirectional link is used to allow communication between two devices in the device-todevice (D2D) communication system. D2D technology has to implement with the current cellular system. As both users D2D and cellular use the same licensed spectrum for transmission the chances of interferences increases. It is challenging for researchers to find out the proper mechanism to decrease interference and maximize performances. In this paper, we try to survey the challenges and their solutions to enable D2D communication in the cellular network with low interference. Here we describe the peer discover, mode selection process and interference management with power control and resource allocation. Finally, we can say that with proper power control, spectrum slicing and resource allocation we can mitigate co-tier and cross-tier interferences.


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