scholarly journals Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boesten
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
The Real ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Normative Content ◽  
Better Than

This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.

scholarly journals Brazil in the Time of Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Conde
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Inequalities

This essay outlines and analyses the spread of the coronavirus in Brazil. In doing so it explores how the pandemic, whilst initially brought into the country by the wealthy elite, has predominantly affected the country’s poor, revealing structural inequalities that encompass class, race and ethnic differences, in which the poor are not afforded the right to live. It additionally examines the response to COVID-19 by the country’s far right president, Jair Messias Bolsonaro, looking at how his laissez faire reaction to the virus builds on a history of violence against the marginalized, especially to the country’s indigenous peoples, that has not just excluded them from the nation state but at times actively and violently eradicated them.

Reflections on the Future of Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-356
Author(s):  
Shiv Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Development Planning ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Value System ◽  
Creation Myths ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

The essay traces a sequential history of violence of the Indian nation state, marking the Partition and the Bengal famine as its repressed inaugural events, its ‘creation myths’. Outlining the vision of the nascent Indian state which internalized and fetishized development, planning and related economic rationality, he argues how we need ‘iconographic meditation’ and ‘conceptual reflection’ to understand the genocidal violence of these categories. Further, reflecting on the paradigmatic moments of violence in the post-independent India—Emergency, Narmada, Naxalbari, Bhopal, and Gujarat—the essay unravels hidden layers of statist and developmental violence. As the state marvelled in the ‘new possibilities of evil’ in its systematic apathy to the phenomenology of suffering, there was routinization of disasters and normalization of riots. The essay concludes with an articulation of an urgent need for a new language, a new discourse to understand the routinization of violence and fragility of citizenship that are built into the value system of the current political regime.

Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka and Sinhalese Perspectives: Barriers to Accommodation

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Common Law ◽  
State Building ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe

It is widely recognized that the concepts of ‘state’ and ‘nation’ developed largely out of the history of Europe. In Western Europe the process of state-building preceded and assisted the process of nation-formation. In consequence, the concept of the nation that developed from this process focused on the political community as defined by the institutional and territorial framework. In the tradition of Rousseau, Abbé Sieyes could define a nation as ‘a body of associates living under one common law and represented by the same legislature’. In most lands of Western Europe these developments also produced the model of a single nationality nation or nation-state. In Central and Eastern Europe the process was different: ‘the nation was first defined as a cultural rather than a political entity’ and the underlying theoretical foundation was in the tradition of Herder rather than Rousseau Nevertheless, once nationhood had been achieved in these regions there was a tendency to approximate to the model associated with Western Europe. This was made all the easier in such states as Italy and Germany because the majority of their citizens were from one ethnic group; they, too, were single nationality nations. Whatever the dualisms and amalgams in Europe, the export model has been that associated with that of Western Europe—for the simple reason that the predominant colonizing powers were from this part of the Continent.

Algorithmics and the Limits of Complexity

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Parrochia
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Strong Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
History Of ◽  
Better Than

The ArgumentDagognet's work shows that making algorithmic compressions seems to be one of the major targets of scientific progress. This effort has been so successful that until recently one might have thought everything could be algorithmically compressed. Indeed, this statement, which might be seen as a scientific translation of the Hegelian thesis in its strong form (“the real is rational and the rational is real”), admits to some objective limits in computer science. Though a lot of algorithms are successful, there exist today, and perhaps forever, logical and physical limits that cannot allow us to cherish the dream of a “theory of everything.” Moreover, a complete mastery of complexity does not seem possible — because some domains of reality are too complicated to be computable, because the human brain is too limited, because computers cannot do that much better than the human brain, and because, ultimately, there are some kinds of things it would make no sense to compress. This paper shows that Dagognet's work came to recognize what a glance at the history of algorithmics has made evident.

Mythologization of History and the Invention of Tradition in Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuar Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
State Building ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

This paper is dedicated to the issue of mythologized history andthe invention of traditions in independent Kazakhstan. Every nation state encounters this phenomenon, but it is particularly relevant during the struggle for independent and the process of state building. In this article the author reviews different sources for this in Kazakhstanand reviews often-encountered topics, which are used by mythologizators. First of all, there is the effort to show that the Kazakhs are a very ancient people and tribes and people that were well-known in ancient history like the Sumerians, Sakas, Huns and other ethnic groups were in fact Kazakh tribes. They also often try to prove that Chingiz khan was a Kazakh. Most of those who create these myths are not professional historians, they are mobilizorsof ethnicity, and usually they are physicists, mathematicians, and engineers. They invent traditions too. The mythologized history of Kazakhstan has various functions, one of them to delineate the territory of state. Another is to prove the special claims to authority of some Kazakh tribes. These myths are also used to counter the claims of other peoples to the territory of Kazakhstan.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

Esotericism and the “Coded Word” in Mormonism

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Clyde Forsberg Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Popular Religion ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
New Religion

In the history of American popular religion, the Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, have undergone a series of paradigmatic shifts in order to join the Christian mainstream, abandoning such controversial core doctrines and institutions as polygamy and the political kingdom of God. Mormon historians have played an important role in this metamorphosis, employing a version (if not perversion) of the Church-Sect Dichotomy to change the past in order to control the future, arguing, in effect, that founder Joseph Smith Jr’s erstwhile magical beliefs and practices gave way to a more “mature” and bible-based self-understanding which is then said to best describe the religion that he founded in 1830. However, an “esoteric approach” as Faivre and Hanegraaff understand the term has much to offer the study of Mormonism as an old, new religion and the basis for a more even methodological playing field and new interpretation of Mormonism as equally magical (Masonic) and biblical (Evangelical) despite appearances. This article will focus on early Mormonism’s fascination with and employment of ciphers, or “the coded word,” essential to such foundation texts as the Book of Mormon and “Book of Abraham,” as well as the somewhat contradictory, albeit colonial understanding of African character and destiny in these two hermetic works of divine inspiration and social commentary in the Latter-day Saint canonical tradition.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

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