Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, Types, Causes and Treatments: A Review Study

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia results from a readiness for the bilirubin production in neonates and limited their ability to excrete it. The diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia based on yellow discoloration of the skin and whiteness of eyes, idle in the child's movement and the lack of lactation. The baby seems sick or is difficult to awaken. Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole pigment derived from breakdown product of normal heme catabolism in senescent red blood cells. Unconjugated bilirubin normal elevation is named newborn physiologic hyperbilirubinemia, whereas the level of bilirubin of infant normally to be a bit higher after birth, In the same context the placenta in the womb of the mother. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is defined as odd of bilirubin from the normal level so intervention required. Many reasons for this type of jaundice

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Hemolytic Property of Some Carbohydrases; Their Possible Role in Red Cell Destruction

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v10.9.912.912 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 912-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ELIE P. LEROY ◽

WILMA SPURRIER

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Latent Period ◽

Normal Level ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Small Concentration ◽

Red Cell ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Tissue Extracts ◽

Hemolytic Property

Abstract β-glucuronidase, in concentration above the normal level in the blood, hemolyzed human red blood cells after a latent period of 10 to 12 hours. Erythrocytes sensitized by specific antibodies are lysed in the presence of β-glucuronidase in physiologic concentrations (approximately 200 Fishman units per 100 ml. of serum). Other enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and lysozyme, are hemolytic also. Similarity between these enzymes and the lysins found in pre-incubated tissue extracts is pointed out. It is suggested that β-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase play some role in the destruction of red blood cells under certain pathologic conditions. The inhibition of the lytic action of β-glucuronidase by D-glucosaccharic acid and by small concentration of silver nitrate is shown. Inhibitors of β-glucuronidase lysis could be of some value in the treatment of some hemolytic disorders.

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A family of hereditary stomatocytosis associated with normal level of Na+-K+-ATPase activity of red blood cells

American Journal of Hematology ◽

10.1002/ajh.2830140203 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shigeaki Mutoh ◽

Ryuhei Sasaki ◽

Fumimaro Takaku ◽

Masako Aoyama ◽

Shinichi Moriyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atpase Activity ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Normal Level ◽

Blood Cells

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Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083266 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

Kosuke Ueda ◽

Hiroto Washida ◽

Nakazo Watari

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Osmic Acid ◽

Renal Lithiasis ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Hemoglobin C ◽

First Case ◽

Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072083 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

John A. Trotter

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Visual Examination ◽

Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽

Peroxidatic Activity ◽

Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

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Scanning electron microscopy of erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012480x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 880-881

Author(s):

Victor Tsutsumi ◽

Adolfo Martinez-Palomo ◽

Kyuichi Tanikawa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

Great Capacity ◽

Scanning Electron

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in man. The trophozoite or motile form is a highly dynamic and pleomorphic cell with a great capacity to destroy tissues. Moreover, the parasite has the singular ability to phagocytize a variety of different live or death cells. Phagocytosis of red blood cells by E. histolytica trophozoites is a complex phenomenon related with amebic pathogenicity and nutrition.

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Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162132 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 914-915

Author(s):

D.J.P. Ferguson ◽

A.R. Berendt ◽

J. Tansey ◽

K. Marsh ◽

C.I. Newbold

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Cell Types ◽

Amelanotic Melanoma ◽

Cytoplasmic Process ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

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