scholarly journals Covid 19 & vertical transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
Kanad Dev Nayar ◽  
Shweta Gupta ◽  
Sabina Sanan ◽  
Preeti Mehra ◽  
Jaya Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening

The current coronavirus pandemic is a serious public health emergency and has led to widespread damage globally. Although there are many coronaviruses, the particular that is responsible for this pandemic is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).It has incubation period of around 2 to 7 days and most symptomatic patients can have fever, malaise, cough, or loss of taste or smell, with some cases developing into life threatening pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with case fatality rates range from 1% to 2%. Pregnancy is considered as a vulnerable group for any infection and knowledge regarding the possible risk of vertical transmission of this virus is very limited but is important for counseling regarding COVID-19 related pregnancy risks and for further management. COVID 19 infection in mothers basically leads to hypoxia, inflammatory response & cytokine storm. It appears around 10% of SARS- Cov-2 infected pregnant women require hospitalization with respiratory support    COVID-19 can infect the placenta as confirmed by the presence of SARSCoV- 2 viral RNA in the placenta and evidence of virions found within the syncytiotrophoblast. The possible neonatal outcomes are increased risk of

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Induces Cytokine Storm and Inflammation During Coronavirus Disease 19: Perspectives and Possible Therapeutic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Mannino ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
Natasha Irrera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

The new coronavirus outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has turned out to be a global health emergency, affecting millions of people worldwide. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can manifest with flu-like symptoms and can be complicated by severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however a large percentage of infected individuals do not have symptoms but contribute to the spread of the disease. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection has become a global public health emergency since no available treatment seems effective and it is hard to manage the several complications caused by an intense release of cytokines. This paper reviews the current options on drugs used to reduce the deadly effects of the cytokine storm.

COVID 19 and its management

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Subhashis Debnath ◽  
Runa Chakravorty ◽  
Donita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus, initiated an outbreak of pneumonia from Wuhan in China, which rapidly spread worldwide. The outbreak was declared as “a public health emergency of international concern” by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality.

Impact of Corona virus Outbreak on Climate and air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Jatai ◽  
Tanu Sharma ◽  
Karan Veer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Symptomatic Case ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

All over the world, there is a new target of public health emergency looming the world along with an appearance and distribution of the novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This Virus initially generated in bats and then after transferred to a human being over unknown animal playing the role of mediator in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus is passed by breathing or in contact with an infected person’s droplets. The Incubation period is between 2 to 14 days for COVID-19, that is the time between exposure of the virus (person becoming infected) and symptom on that person, is on an average of 5-6 days, however it can goes up to 14 days. Throughout this period, which can be also known as “pre-symptomatic” period, some of the infected patients or persons can be contagious. That is why, transferal from a pre-symptomatic case can happen before the symptoms onset. Where there is few number of case studies and reports, pre-symptomatic transferal has been documented via contact with someone who is diagnosed with virus and increase investigation of that particular clusters of total confirmed cases. The main problem is that the symptoms are just like the regular flu that are cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and breathlessness. This virus is moderate or mild in most of the people, but in elder ones, it may proceed to pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Coronavirus has significant consequences on the Health system, mainly on cardiovascular diseases and on the environment.

COVID-19: Potential of microalgae derrived natural astaxanthin as adjunctive supplement in alleviating cytokine storm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Talukdar ◽  
Santanu Dasgupta ◽  
Vinod Nagle ◽  
Bhaskar Bhadra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) is a potentially fatal and highly contagious disease. Given that in absence of definitive COVID-19 treatment, and the presence of asymptomatic carriers, the conventional intervention measures to curb the rate of infection and deaths will be highly challenging. Accumulating evidences suggest that excessive reactive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely to contribute to its pathology, leads by a violent immune response cytokine storm and subsequent progression to life threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI). Microalgae derived natural astaxanthin (nASX), a well-known potent anti-oxidant and broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory compound with impressive safety profile, is protective against cytokine storm, ALI/ARDS. This article summarizes the most likely benefits of nASX may provide as an adjunctive in attenuation of COVID-19 induced health adversaries based on its putative pathogenesis. There is rationale, pre-clinical evidences of effectiveness and evidence of safety from long-time use for other indications to justify possible inclusion of nASX as adjunctive in combination with primary anti-viral drugs therapy will hugely benefit COVID-19 patients by improving their health and reducing recovery time.

scholarly journals Pneumothorax in critically COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Widysanto ◽  
Titis Dewi Wahyuni ◽  
Leonardo Helasti Simanjuntak ◽  
Samuel Sunarso ◽  
Sylvia Sagita Siahaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Ventilator Settings

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2. A few studies reported pneumothorax in patients with COVID-19. Pneumothorax is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, it should be considered during the treatment and follow-up of patients with COVID-19. Herein, we reported four cases of pneumothorax in critical COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU and treated with a mechanical ventilation. All patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, type 1 respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. All patients developed pneumothorax during mechanical ventilation, although the ventilator settings were set to lung-protective strategy.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

Pre-Existing Psychiatric Illness Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Delirium in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110190
Author(s):  
Saminder Singh Kalra ◽  
Johnny Jaber ◽  
Bashar N. Alzghoul ◽  
Ryan Hyde ◽  
Sarina Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icu Delirium ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are highly susceptible to developing delirium for a multitude of reasons. Previous studies have linked pre-existing depression with an increased risk of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. However, the evidence regarding the association between pre-existing psychiatric illnesses and delirium in ARDS patients is unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric illness and the risk of development of delirium amongst ARDS patients. Study Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of a mixed group of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2016 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of ARDS per the Berlin definition. The study group was divided into 2 cohorts: subjects with delirium and subjects without delirium. Comparison between the 2 groups was conducted to examine the impact of pre-existing psychiatric illnesses including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for benzodiazepine use, sedatives, analgesics, sequential organ failure assessment score, and corticosteroid use to determine the association between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and delirium. Results: 286 patients with ARDS were identified; 124 (43%) of whom were diagnosed with ICU delirium. In patients diagnosed with ICU delirium, 49.2% were found to have preexisting psychiatric illnesses, compared to 34.0% without any preexisting psychiatric illness (OR = 1.94, P = 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of individual psychiatric illnesses, GAD and MDD were associated with the development of delirium (OR = 1.88, P = 0.04 and OR = 1.76, P = 0.05 respectively). Interpretation: ARDS patients with preexisting psychiatric illnesses, particularly GAD and MDD are associated with an increased risk of developing ICU delirium. Clinicians should be aware of the effect of psychiatric co-morbidities on developing delirium in critically ill patients.

Expanding the concept of the professional integrity of obstetrics during a public health emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Chervenak ◽  
Amos Grünebaum ◽  
Eran Bornstein ◽  
Shane Wasden ◽  
Adi Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Ethical Judgment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Ethical Challenge ◽  
Professional Integrity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obstetric Services

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed great demands on many hospitals to maximize their capacity to care for affected patients. The requirement to reassign space has created challenges for obstetric services. We describe the nature of that challenge for an obstetric service in New York City. This experience raised an ethical challenge: whether it would be consistent with professional integrity to respond to a public health emergency with a plan for obstetric services that would create an increased risk of rare maternal mortality. We answered this question using the conceptual tools of professional ethics in obstetrics, especially the professional virtue of integrity. A public health emergency requires frameshifting from an individual-patient perspective to a population-based perspective. We show that an individual-patient-based, beneficence-based deliberative clinical judgment is not an adequate basis for organizational policy in response to a public health emergency. Instead, physicians, especially those in leadership positions, must frameshift to population-based clinical ethical judgment that focuses on reduction of mortality as much as possible in the entire population of patients served by a healthcare organization.

scholarly journals Collective aeromedical evacuations of SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS patients in a military tactical plane: a retrospective descriptive study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001876
Author(s):  
Thibault Martinez ◽  
K Simon ◽  
L Lely ◽  
C Nguyen Dac ◽  
M Lefevre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Military

After the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, MEROPE system was created to transform the military tactical ATLAS A400M aircraft into a flying intensive care unit. Collective aeromedical evacuations (aero-MEDEVAC) of patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome was performed from June to December 2020. A total of 22 patients were transported during seven missions. All aero-MEDEVAC was performed in safe conditions for patients and crew. No life-threatening conditions occurred during flight. Biohazard controls were applied according to French guidelines and prevented crew contamination. Thanks to rigorous selection criteria and continuous in-flight medical care, the safe transportation of these patients was possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of collective aero-MEDEVAC of these kinds of patients using a tactical military aircraft. We here describe the patient’s characteristics and the flight’s challenges.

OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽  
Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽  
Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽  
Débora Dias Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

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