scholarly journals XPS Study for Chemical Basis of Silver Based Bhasmas

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3397-3404
Author(s):  
Dhamal Sonali
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Traditional Preparation ◽  
Xps Study ◽  
Silver Metal

This review concerns the appropriate study of X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy to analyze oxidation states in the herbo-mineral drugs. It describes multivalent forms of silver and silver based drugs. Silver exhibits multivalent forms with various phases like AgO, Ag2O and Ag2O3 etc. Silver Bhasma is one of the potent Ayurvedic drug from herbo-metallic combinations. This traditional preparation is used for treating various ailments such as disorders related to eye and nerve, brain functioning and tuberculosis etc. Mixture of silver metal and herbal ingredients passes through Bhasmikarana method and then gets converted into organo-metallic complex i.e. silver Bhasma. The preparation method of Bhasmas aims at removing injurious substances which are foreign to the body from metals. The process of Bhasmikarana transferred the material from its inorganic state to the organic; therefore the assimilation of the substances for their therapeutic use will be easier in the human body. Silver Bhasma plays an essential role in Ayurvedic therapeutics due to its versatile qualities. Therefore, if a Bhasma is to be considered as a standard one, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy should be one of the essential methods. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique was used to detect morphology of silver based Bhasmas and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) detected elemental analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is the useful platform to detect important chemical constituents as per their required oxidation states which are essential part in therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Electrocatalytic H2 Evolution over Pt(0,II,IV)-Loaded Oxidized Ti Sheets

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Ju Hyun Yang ◽  
So Jeong Park ◽  
Choong Kyun Rhee ◽  
Youngku Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Energy recycling and production using abundant atmospheric CO2 and H2O have increasingly attracted attention for solving energy and environmental problems. Herein, Pt-loaded Ti sheets were prepared by sputter-deposition and Pt4+-reduction methods, and their catalytic activities on both photocatalytic CO2 reduction and electrochemical hydrogen evolution were fully demonstrated. The surface chemical states were completely examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after CO2 reduction. Gas chromatography confirmed that CO, CH4, and CH3OH were commonly produced as CO2 reduction products with total yields up to 87.3, 26.9, and 88.0 μmol/mol, respectively for 700 °C-annealed Ti under UVC irradiation for 13 h. Pt-loading commonly negated the CO2 reduction yields, but CH4 selectivity was increased. Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity showed the highest activity for sputter-deposited Pt on 400 °C-annealed Ti with a HER current density of 10.5 mA/cm2 at −0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The activities of CO2 reduction and HER were found to be significantly dependent on both the nature of Ti support and the oxidation states (0,II,IV) of overlayer Pt. The present result could provide valuable information for designing efficient Pt/Ti-based CO2 recycle photocatalysts and electrochemical hydrogen production catalysts.

An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Copper Chromite Catalysts

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Schreifels ◽  
A. Rodero ◽  
W. E. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Chromite ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
Catalytic Surface ◽  
X Ray

A series of copper chromite catalysts have been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data indicate that in the as-received form the copper is present as a mixture of Cu(OH)2 and CuO. After calcination at 500 °C only CuO is present. The chromium is present as Cr+3 and Cr+4 when no promoter is added. When a BaO promoter is added, the Cr+6 is stabilized. Calcination at 500°C for varying periods of time alter the relative amounts of Cr+3 and Cr+6 on the catalytic surface. In addition, the relative amounts of the various oxidation states are a function of calcination temperature. At a calcination temperature of 240°C a Cr+5 surface species is reproducibly observed in one of the catalysts.

Single-layer MoS2formation by sulfidation of molybdenum oxides in different oxidation states on Au(111)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 14020-14029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Salazar ◽  
Igor Beinik ◽  
Jeppe V. Lauritsen
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Molybdenum Oxides ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
X Ray

The sulfidation pathway from MoO3to MoS2on Au(111) revealed by a combination of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

scholarly journals X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) Study of Fracture Mechanism in Sintered Si3N4.

2000 ◽  
Vol 108 (1253) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro OZAWA ◽  
Yoichiro FURUKAWA ◽  
Mitsushige OGAWA ◽  
Kei ISOZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xps Study

Xps Study of the Nitridation Process of A Polytitanocarbosilane into Si-Ti-N-O Ceramics

1992 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Granozzi ◽  
A. Glisenti ◽  
R. Bertoncello ◽  
G. D. Soraru
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitridation Process ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Xps Study

ABSTRACTThe nitridation process of a polytitanocarbosilane, leading to the formation of a Si-Ti-N-O ceramics, has been investigated mainly by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ti2p spectra collected on samples fired at various stages of the transformation process clearly shown that Ti-N bonds of TiOxNy mixed units start to form at 500 °C. By increasing the firing temperature, the Ti2p peak shifts toward values typical of titanium nitride ceramics, so indicating the progressive nitrogen enrichment of the mixed units up to the formation of a TiN phase.

Characterization of europium implanted LiNbO3

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2679-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moretti ◽  
B. Canut ◽  
S.M.M. Ramos ◽  
R. Brenier ◽  
P. Thévenard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Partial Recrystallization ◽  
Lower Charge

LiNbO3 single crystals were implanted at room temperature with Eu+ ions at 70 keV with fluence ranging from 0.5 to 5 × 1016 ions · cm−2. The damage in the implanted layer has been investigated by Channeling Rutherford Backscattering (RBS-C), and the oxidation states of the cations have been determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Following implantation, a fully amorphized layer of 60 nm is generated, even for the lowest fluence employed. Subsequent annealing in air, in the range 800–1250 K, was applied to restore tentatively the crystallinity and promote the substitutional incorporation of Eu in the crystal. Only a partial recrystallization of the damaged layer was observed. For as-implanted samples, XPS spectra clearly reveal europium in Eu2+ and Eu3+ states, and the Nb5+ ions are driven to lower charge states.

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