scholarly journals A Comprehensive Understanding of Shukrala Karma in Male Infertility

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3566-3573
Author(s):  
Nagendra Chary.M ◽  
Lalitha B.R ◽  
T.Anil Kumar

Male reproductive health depends upon the normal structures and functions of Shukrava srotas. Shukra is composed of both sperm and semen and considered one of the important factors for fertilization. It is stated as Phalavat shukra. Preceptors of Ayurveda have described eight types of Shukra dosha and their treatments. Low sperm count, decrease sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, ejaculatory problems, sexual dysfunctions, environmental exposures (radiation, pollution, and stress etc), lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol, recreational drugs etc), varicocele, hormonal imbalances, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) etc are causative factors for Male infertility. Thousands of years back, ancient system of medicine has mentioned the word Purusha vandya (male infertility) and different pharmacological activities, medicinal formulas, therapies to treat sperm disorders, semen impairments, and sexual dysfunctions. Vajeekarana is one of the special branches of Astanga Ayurveda which maintains the fertility and management of male infertility. Shukrala, Shukra janana, Shukra shodhana, Shukra rechaka, Shukra pravataka and Shukra sthambhaka etc., are the pharmacological activities mentioned to treat Shukradoshas. Shukrala karma mainly composed of Shukra vrudhikara and Shukra srutikara means which enhances the Shukra (semen and sperm) quantitatively and qualitatively and facilitates its ejaculation. Therefore, an attempt has been made to establish the concept of Shukrala karma and its therapeutic applicability in the management of male infertility.

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
ZU Naher ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
FH Mollah ◽  
M Ali ◽  
MI Arslan

Infertility is a worldwide problem and in almost 50% of cases infertility results from abnormality of the male partners. Apart from endocrine disorders, definitive cause and mechanism of male infertility is not clear in many cases. Recent evidence indicates that imbalance between pro-oxidant stress and antioxidant defense plays an important role in the pathogenesis of male infertility. Among the endogenous antioxidant systems, reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a significant role in the antioxidant defense of the spermatogenic epithelium, the epididymis and perhaps in the ejaculated spermatozoa. The current study was therefore designed to evaluate any association that may exist between GSH levels and male infertility. Infertile male patients (having female partners with normal fertility parameters; n=31) and age- matched healthy male fertile control subjects (n=30) were included in this study. In addition to medical history, semen analyses including semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology were done for each subject. As a measure of antioxidant capacity erythrocyte and seminal plasma GSH concentrations were measured by Ellman's method in fertile and infertile male subjects. The infertile subjects were similar to fertile subjects in terms of age. However, semen volume and sperm count was found significantly lower (p<0.001) in infertile males compared with healthy fertile male subjects. Percentage of subjects with abnormal sperm morphology and motility were found higher in infertile group compared with fertile group. The median (range) erythrocyte GSH level did not differ between the two groups (12.62 (0.67-29.82) versus 13.93 (2.10-21.08) mg/gm Hb). However, the seminal plasma GSH level was found markedly suppressed in infertile group (1.64 (0.23-7.50)) compared with fertile group (4.26 (2.32-7.50)) mg/dl (p<0.001). In the present study seminal plasma GSH level was found markedly suppressed along with abnormal values for semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm morphology and motility in infertile subjects compared with fertile subjects. This finding indicates that low level of seminal plasma GSH level may be associated with male infertility. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v4i2.13772 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2011; 4(2): 20-25


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan P. Lewandowski ◽  
Gabrijela Dumbović ◽  
Audrey R. Watson ◽  
Taeyoung Hwang ◽  
Emily Jacobs-Palmer ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to function as central components of molecular machines that play fundamental roles in biology. While the number of annotated lncRNAs in mammalian genomes has greatly expanded, their functions remain largely uncharacterized. This is compounded by the fact that identifying lncRNA loci that have robust and reproducible phenotypes when mutated has been a challenge.ResultsWe previously generated a cohort of 20 lncRNA loci knockout mice. Here, we extend our initial study and provide a more detailed analysis of the highly conserved lncRNA locus, Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (Tug1). We report that Tug1 knockout male mice are sterile with complete penetrance due to a low sperm count and abnormal sperm morphology. Having identified a lncRNA loci with a robust phenotype, we wanted to determine which, if any, potential elements contained in the Tug1 genomic region (DNA, RNA, protein, or the act of transcription) have activity. Using engineered mouse models and cell-based assays, we provide evidence that the Tug1 locus harbors three distinct regulatory activities – two noncoding and one coding: (i) a cis DNA repressor that regulates many neighboring genes, (ii) a lncRNA that can regulate genes by a trans-based function, and finally (iii) Tug1 encodes an evolutionary conserved peptide that when overexpressed impacts mitochondrial membrane potential.ConclusionsOur results reveal an essential role for the Tug1 locus in male fertility and uncover three distinct regulatory activities in the Tug1 locus, thus highlighting the complexity present at lncRNA loci.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ervina Wati Harahap ◽  
Normalina Sandora ◽  
Winarto Winarto

Free radical that are released in cigarette smoke, believed to play an important role in male infertility. The free radicalproduces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that is found increased in male smokers. ROS is one of the free radicalscomponent can be neutralized by vitamin C and E as an antioxidant. This study using those agents to the fifteen minuteshalf piece cigarette to expose mice and count their sperm as the fertilility parameter. The research design used was posttest-only control group with twenty mice were divided into five groups. A group of no smoke exposed was categorizedas a baseline control, the exposed groups were consisted of one group without antioxidant, one group with vitamin Ctreatment, a group of vitamin E treatment and at last the combination of vitamin C and E. All groups were treatedfor fourteen days. The results were analyzed using oneway ANOVA with p<0.05. It is obviously proven that thecombination of vitamin C and vitamin E treatment on the usual dose gave the highest sperm count compared to othergroups.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Janiszewska ◽  
Izabela Kokot ◽  
Iwona Gilowska ◽  
Ricardo Faundez ◽  
Ewa Maria Kratz

AbstractIn the seminal plasma (n = 118) and serum (n = 90) clusterin (CLU) the fucosylation and the expression of selected fucosyltransferases (FUTs) were analyzed. Samples from infertile men were divided into groups based on the results of the standard semen analysis: normozoospermic (N), teratozoospermic (T), asthenoteratozoospermic (AT) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT). The CLU fucosylation was analyzed using lectin-ELISAs with biotinylated lectins specific to α1,3-, α1,2-linked antennary fucose, and α1,6-linked core fucose (LTA, UEA, and LCA, respectively). The concentrations of FUT3 and FUT4, reflecting the expression of Le oligosaccharide structures, were measured using ELISA tests. The differences in serum CLU and FUT4 concentrations, and in the expression of core fucose and antennary fucose α1,2-linked in CLU glycans between the N group and other groups examined suggest that the disturbances in sperm count, motility, and morphology are not the only cause of male infertility. Lack of similarities between levels of examined parameters in blood serum and seminal plasma may suggest the differences in mechanisms leading to glycoproteins glycosylation. It confirmed the observed differences in concentrations of seminal plasma CLU, FUT3, and FUT4 between the OAT group and N, T, AT groups, indicating that decreased sperm count may be related to these parameters expression. The serum CLU concentrations and expression of core fucose and fucose α1,2-linked in CLU, seem to be good markers differentiating normozoospermic men from those with abnormal sperm parameters, which was not observed for seminal plasma.


1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Kirchhoff

Male infertility is a frequent cause of childlessness, and, indeed, a comparison of the contributions to conception failure made by male and female factors shows them to be equally frequent. In practice, male infertility appears to be resistant to most treatments. However, the major reason for this may be that often attempts are carried out without knowing the cause of the problem. Unlike in women, obstructions and hormonal disorders are rare in male infertility. Rather, it would appear that sperm disorders are the most common cause, reflecting a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms. Defects in sperm morphology, defective sperm movement, deficient development or functional failure of the acrosome, and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species are changes that are often seen in infertile semen, but little is known about their aetiology. In 5–10% of men being treated for infertilty, an autoimmune reaction against spermatozoa is observed. Although the correlation between the presence of systemic antisperm antibodies and fertility potential is poor, the appearance of sperm-bound antibodies of immunoglobulin class IgA in semen seems to be closely associated with infertility. Studies in laboratory animals and humans have shown that complementary adhesion molecules are located on the surface of oocytes and spermatozoa. These molecules interact and lead to gamete fusion. Abnormalities in these molecules on the sperm surface might be expected to contribute to male infertility. However, their clinical significance has not yet been documented, and the molecular basis of human gamete interaction is far from being understood. Therefore, the key to understanding male infertility may lie in basic research which directly targets the fundamental cellular and molecular biology of the human spermatozoon.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Mah Jabeen Ara ◽  
Sk Md Bahar Hussain ◽  
Mamun Ur Rashid

Introduction: Approximately 15% of couples are infertile. Male infertility plays an important role in about half of these couples. This study has been done to determine whether sperm morphology and motility do really affect sperm count or spermatogenesis and at the same time causes a problem with fertility.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate a male’s inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 diagnosed infertile and subfertile couples in the age group of 23-58 yrs old male. They were selected from 01 March 2013 to 28 Feb 2014 undergoing treatment for infertility in Dhaka CMH. On the basis of sperm count the cases were grouped as follows: Normozoospermia, oligozoospermia & Azoospermia. Semen analysis was done in all the cases and the results were described with arithmetic mean and standard deviation.Results: Normozoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are 65.98± 5.05, 24.44±1.57 and 45.5±2.94 respectively; Oligozoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are 7.74±1.23, 41.1±3.78, 14.54±2.77 respectively; Azoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are absent.Conclusion: Here data statistically showed person with normozoospermia having good sperm morphology and motility than oligozoospermia and azoospermic subjects thereby causing male infertility which is responsible for hindrance in achieving pregnancy clinically.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 50-53


Author(s):  
Meltem Mermer ◽  
Yasemin Akdevelioğlu

Obesity causes many health problems as well as having negative effects on fertility. There is a multifaceted relationship between obesity and male infertility. Male fertility is associated with sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Testosterone (total and free) and gonadotropin levels were low and estrogen levels were found to be high in obese men. The decrease in androgen levels varies based on the degree of obesity. High body mass index is inversely related to total sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm morphology and number of motile sperm. Leptin and ghrelin are hormones that influence body weight regulation and eating behaviors. Serum leptin level, which is high in obese infertile men, showed a significant positive correlation with abnormal sperm morphology, serum FSH, LH, prolactin level and showed a significant negative correlation with sperm concentration, sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Further research is needed on the effects of ghrelin levels on male infertility. The relationship between obesity and erectile dysfunction can be explained by decreased testosterone levels and elevation of some proinflammatory cytokine levels. Decreased physical activity due to obesity, long-term sitting increases testicular temperature and affects sperm production negatively. There is a multifaceted relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and serum testosterone and SHBG. Diet and exercise showed improvement in testosterone levels and sperm concentration due to decreased body weight. However, studies on this subject are extremely limited. The possible effects of weight loss on successful infertility treatment of obese men should not be ignored.


2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Noriko Nakamura ◽  
Eugenia Goulding ◽  
William Willis ◽  
Mitch Eddy

Author(s):  
Nagendra chary.M ◽  
Lalitha B.R ◽  
T.Anil kumar

Propagation of human race get affected by both male and female factors. Male infertility contributes 50% of total infertility. Ksheenashukra (Oligospermia) is one of the commonest conditions for male infertility caused by Vata pitta dosha. Ayurvedic approach to rectify pathology of Ksheenashukra is through Vrushya (Aphrodisiac), Shukrajanaka, (Spermatogenic) Shukravardhaka (enhancing Semen and Sperm) Shukrapravataka (improve the ejaculatory process) and Shukrala etc pharmacological activities. The drug which enhances Shukra (Semen and Sperm) is named as Shukrala (Spermatogenic) activity. Madhyama panchamoola a group of drugs comprising of Bala (Sida cordifolia) Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), Eranda (Ricinus communis), Mudgaparni (Teramnus labialis) and Mashaparni (Vigna trilobata). Review of literature reveals that each of these drugs has Balya (Strength promoter), Vrushya, Rasayana (Rejuvenation), Jeevaniya (Life promoting) and Shukrajanana (Spermatogenic) properties. Madhyama panchamoola as a group not had been evaluated for its potentiality as Shukrala but each of them individually proven for antioxidant, spermatogenic, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities. Phytoconstituents present in this viz., Ecdysterone, Boeravinone, Rotenoids, Octacosanol, Vitexin, Quercetin and Bergenin have been confirmed for spermatogenic activity. Reactive oxygen species identified as cause for male infertility. Hence antioxidant is used as a source of treatment. Components of Madhyama panchamoola in addition to antioxidant activity have other required pharmacological activities in the management of Ksheenashukra. This review upholds the compatibility ingredients of Madhyama pancha moola to be potential Shukrala combination.


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