scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices in Viral Hepatitis Management and its Challenges: A Survey Among Ayurveda Physicians of Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Akhila R Kurup ◽  
Indulekha
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Ayurveda physicians provide treatment for viral hepatitis patients in Kerala. A survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices in viral hepatitis management among Ayurveda physicians (APs) of Kerala. Materials & Methods: An in depth telephonic interview and a questionnaire were administered among APs in Kerala for assessing knowledge about viral hepatitis and its treatment. Results: All the 150 participants were aware about different types of viral hepatitis. Around 90% Aps know about complications of viral hepatitis and mode of transmission.  Only 20% screen their patients before performing Panchakarma therapy and para-surgical procedures in their clinic. All physicians depends liver function test for diagnosing and assessing different types of Hepatitis; only  6.6% physicians additionally prescribe Ultrasonogram of abdomen and viral load. Majority physicians reported chronicity for HBV and HCV infections and good outcome/ curable for hepatitis A. Only a few physicians were documenting the cases in their clinics. The lack of structured case proforma for documentation and guidelines for management, research, patient education and time constraints was reported as challenges in the treatment of viral hepatitis by the majority of AP in the current survey.  Conclusion: The majority of doctors had a good knowledge of the different types of viral hepatitis and they depended on laboratory examinations for diagnosis and evaluation. The treatment strategies were based on the treatment principles of Kamala and Panduroga in Ayurveda.

Prolonged cholestasis after acute viral hepatitis: successfully treated with oral steroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e234430
Author(s):  
Manjesh Jayappa ◽  
Prawin Kumar ◽  
Jagdish Prasad Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Function Test ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
Conjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia

Cholestasis is a rare distinct complication of hepatitis A infection. Usually it runs a long indolent course with significant pruritus and malabsorption lasting for few months. A 9-year-old boy presented with yellowish discolouration of eye for 1 month. Liver function test showed conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Serology was positive for hepatitis A IgM antibody. Liver biopsy showed features of hepatitis with cholestasis. Child successfully treated with oral steroids.

scholarly journals REGISTERED OUTBREAKS OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS A IN STARA ZAGORA REGION, FOR THE PERIOD SEPTEMBER 2019 – MARCH 2020, IN THE MUNICIPALITIES BR. DASKALOVI, HRISHTENI, GALABOVO IN BULGARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
I. Simeonova ◽  
T. Perchemlieva ◽  
St. Petrova ◽  
G. Trifonov ◽  
G. Iliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis type A is an acute infectious disease, occupying 75% of all viral hepatitis. Purpose of the study was to investigate three outbreaks, of viral hepatitis A in the municipalities of Stara Zagora region, from 09.2019-03.2020 in schools and kindergartens. Methods: We investigated all cases from viral hepatitis A, for the municipalities of Bratya Daskalovi-26, Hrishteni-19, Galabovo-21. A retrospective analysis and descriptive epidemiological methods have been used. Results: The gender distribution shows that men were affected in 56% and women in 44%. The children in the age group of 5-9 years - 49%, as well as of 1 - 4 years - 19.7% are most ill. The peak in the development of the outbreaks is in December 2019 (18%) and January 2020 (48%), which lasts until March with the so-called "Epidemic tail". Contact persons were not covered by the hepatitis A vaccine. The faecal-oral mode of transmission of infection has been proven. Specialized companies were engaged for the activities of current and final disinfection. Health educational activities aimed at improving hygiene habits have been carried out. Conclusion: To prevent the outbreaks the cases have to be timely reported; Early examination of contact persons; Applications of a vaccine on the contact persons.

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

CHRONIC HCV-INFECTION AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE SEVERITY (case study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Nataliia Volodymyrivna Shepylieva ◽  
Alla Oleksandrivna Shvaichenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

A global problem for humanity is the wide spread of HCV carriers worldwide. To address this, the WHO has developed a global strategy for the health sector to eliminate viral hepatitis and has set the following goals: to reduce the number of new cases of chronic hepatitis B and C by 90 % by 2030 as well as to reduce the quantity of death from these infections by 65 %. It is emphasized that the development of infectious or somatic disease on the background of chronic viral hepatitis requires a more careful approach and thorough medical correction, as their course and prognosis can be significantly aggravated. The case of viral hepatitis A, which occurred on a background of previously undiagnosed HCV infection and resulted in a death, has been described. Thus, previously undiagnosed HCV infection exacerbated the course of a self−eliminating disease, such as hepatitis A, and resulted in a death. Therefore, expanding the screening for viral hepatitis will allow identifying infected individuals and conducting antiviral therapy and preventive measures, which will reduce the incidence and mortality rates. Key words: viral hepatitis A, viral hepatitis C, chronic HCV−infection, diagnosis, treatment, outcome.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Lucia Petrelli ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Shed Light

The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Lymphangiogenesis and Lesion Heterogeneity in Interstitial Lung Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S33856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Capillary Angiogenesis ◽  
Antigen Presenting

The lymphatic system has several physiological roles, including fluid homeostasis and the activation of adaptive immunity by fluid drainage and cell transport. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in adult tissues during various pathologic conditions. In addition, lymphangiogenesis is closely linked to capillary angiogenesis, and the balanced interrelationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is essential for maintaining homeostasis in tissues. Recently, an increasing body of information regarding the biology of lymphatic endothelial cells has allowed us to immunohistochemically characterize lymphangiogenesis in several lung diseases. Particular interest has been given to the interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterized by heterogeneity in pathologic changes and lesions, as typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. In IIPs, lymphangiogenesis is likely to have different types of localized functions within each disorder, corresponding to the heterogeneity of lesions in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. These functions include inhibitory absorption of interstitial fluid and small molecules and maturation of fibrosis by excessive interstitial fluid drainage, caused by an unbalanced relationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and induction of fibrogenesis via CCL21 and CCR7 signals. Better understanding for regional functions of lymphangiogenesis might provide new treatment strategies tailored to lesion heterogeneity in these complicated diseases.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in Viral Hepatitis-Associated Hospitalizations in the American Indian/Alaska Native Population, 1995–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy K. Byrd ◽  
John T. Redd ◽  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Dana L. Haberling ◽  
James E. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Significant Change

Objective. We described the changing epidemiology of viral hepatitis among the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population that uses Indian Health Service (IHS) health care. Methods. We used hospital discharge data from the IHS National Patient Information Reporting System to determine rates of hepatitis A-, B-, and C-associated hospitalization among AI/ANs using IHS health care from 1995–2007 and summary periods 1995–1997 and 2005–2007. Results. Hepatitis A-associated hospitalization rates among AI/AN people decreased from 4.9 per 100,000 population during 1995–1997 to 0.8 per 100,000 population during 2005–2007 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1, 0.2). While there was no significant change in the overall hepatitis B-associated hospitalization rate between time periods, the average annual rate in people aged 45–64 years increased by 109% (RR=2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2). Between the two time periods, the hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate rose from 13.0 to 55.0 per 100,000 population (RR=4.2, 95% CI 3.8, 4.7), an increase of 323%. The hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate was highest among people aged 45–64 years, males, and those in the Alaska region. Conclusions. Hepatitis A has decreased to near-eradication levels among the AI/AN population using IHS health care. Hepatitis C-associated hospitalizations increased significantly; however, there was no significant change in hepatitis B-associated hospitalizations. Emphasis should be placed on continued universal childhood and adolescent hepatitis B vaccination and improved vaccination of high-risk adults. Prevention and education efforts should focus on decreasing hepatitis C risk behaviors and identifying people with hepatitis C infection so they may be referred for treatment.

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

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