Incidence of the shading, bioregulators and biostimulant on the growth and yield of Mombaza grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)

Shading (S), bioregulators (BR) and biostimulants (BS) techniques are alternatives that promote sprouting and production of grass. The objective was to evaluate the effect of S, BR and BSt on the growth and yield of Mombaza grass in Ecuador. A complete randomized block design, with split plot arrangement and three replications, was used, the main plot represented by condition S (S1: full solar exposure, S2: shade of trees) and secondary one by BR and BS application (A0: control; A1: minimum doses of BR, 250 mL.ha-1 Cytokin + 10 g.ha-1 New Gibb 10 %; A2: maximum doses of BR, 500 mL.ha-1 Cytokin + 20 g.ha-1 New Gibb 10 %; A3: commercial dose of BS Algamar, seaweed, 750 g.ha-1). Three cuts of grass were made, 35 days after staring experiment; in each one, tiller height (TH), number of tillersm-2 (NTM) and stemstiller-1 (NST), and dry matter yield (DMY) were evaluated. It is found effects (P<0.05) of S on the four variables in each cut; and application of BR and BS on TH in cuts 1, period of least precipitation. It is concluded that the grass cultivated in S1 increased the growth and DMY in cuts 1, 2 and 3 (0.180, 0.300 y 0.398 kg.m-2). NTM was stimulated with S2 and TH with the minimum dose of BR.

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PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽

10.36873/agp.v18i01.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Admin Journal

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Black Plastic

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

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Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilization Maximize Grass BRS Zuri Performance

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i1.15521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Sebastião Soares De Oliveira Neto ◽

Ana Stella Freire Gonçalves ◽

Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale ◽

Mário José Bellíssimo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Phosphate Fertilization

The low nutrients levels available in pasture formation reduces the forage yield. Soil correction and fertilization practices are considered priorities in the planning, renovation or recovery of pastures. The aimed of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization rate in productivity of the Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 3×4 factorial arrangement, with three doses of superphosphate (0.0, 80.0 and 160.0 kg.ha-1) and four doses of ammonium nitrate (0.0; 20.0; 40.0 and 60.0 kg.ha-1), with three replicates. The following parameters were evaluated at 120 days after implantation: green mass and dry matter yield, plant height, number of plants and tillers per square meter. The doses of 80.0 and 160.0 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 and 60.0 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen combined to each other showed the best results for forage yield.

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Effect of Date of Planting and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield Characters of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v33i330078 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mahender Pal ◽

Vijay Kumar ◽

A. P. Singh ◽

R. S. Singh ◽

M. D. Ojha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Factor B ◽

Planting Geometry ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growing Conditions

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design assigning time of planting (Factor A), planting geometry (Factor B) with four replications to assess the effect of date of planting and planting geometry on growth and yield of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. Factor A consisted of three time of planting viz., 15th May, 01st June and 15th June and factor B consisted of two levels of spacing S1 (30 x15 cm) and S2 (30 x20 cm). Pooled data on different growth and yield characters revealed 15th June as best time of planting of Kalmegh and proclaimed highest values for plant height (75.46 cm), Plant girth (7.69 mm), no. of secondary branches, no. of leaves per plant and total dry matter yield (31.75 q/ha) . on the other hand spacing level of S2 (30x20 cm) also recorded highest values for plant height (68.75 cm), plant girth (7.75 mm), no. of secondary branched/plant, no. of leaves/plant and total dry matter yield (27.38 q/ha). The treatment combination of 15th June as time of planting and plant spacing of 30 x20 cm found best for planting of Kalmegh in the growing conditions of the Nalanda. It was followed by planting time 15th June and plant spacing of 30x 15 cm for higher growth and yield of Kalmegh.

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DIFFERENT STABILITY METHODS FOR CULTIVAR RECOMMENDATION IN ELEPHANT-GRASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723042292 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 507-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Veronica Brito da Silva ◽

Rogerio Figueiredo Daher ◽

Bruna Rafaela da Silva Menezes ◽

Maria Lorraine Fonseca Oliveira ◽

Maria do Socorro Bezerra Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

The Stability ◽

Non Parametric

ABSTRACT The elephant-grass undergoes successive cutting and periodical evaluations that it possible to identify clones with high stability for dry matter production, which can be used for energy production. The present study was carried out to evaluate stability dry matter yield for different parametric and non-parametric methods in elephant grass genotypes for biomass production undergoes successive cutting in the agroclimatic conditions of the Norte Fluminense (RJ, Brazil). The variable measured in the 40 genotypes was dry matter yield (DMY) at 2009, 2010 and 2011 in a field study designed as randomized block design with two replicates. Each sample was grown in different environment condition. The stability methods tested were the Yates and Cochran’s, Plaisted and Peterson’s, Wricke’s ecovalence, Annicchiarico’s, Lin and Binns’ and Kang and Phan’s. Results indicated that cutting (E) and genotypes (G) influenced significantly on the performance of dry matter yield. The non-parametric stability methods were effective for the evaluation of stability in dry matter yield. Genotypes Mercker, Pinda-México, Mercker 86-México, Guaçu/IZ, Mercker Pinda, P-241-Piracicaba and Cubano Pinda were stable stability dry matter yield. Hence, there are genotypes may be exploited in future breeding programmes in order to improve productivity of upland elephant grass over environment.

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Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit*

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v45i3.13078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Solikin ,

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Botanic Garden ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Main Plot ◽

Total Plant ◽

Total Dry Weight

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of stem twining on the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight

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IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i6.1484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1431-1440

Author(s):

N. M. Abood ◽

E. M. SHALAL ◽

M. I. HAMDAN

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Growth Inhibitors ◽

Plant Growth Inhibitors

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three cultivars (Mabrouk, Buhooth 70 and Giza 113). The results showed in both seasons significant interaction between cultivars and growth inhibitors in most of the studied traits. The plants of the variety Giza 113 sprayed with Ethiphon recorded the lowest period of reaching physiological maturity, the highest average dry matter yield, and the highest weight of 1000 grains (89.00 days, 17.32 ton ha-1, and 39.33 gm) respectively. The same variety recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in the leaves and the highest grain yield due to the effect of Mebiquat (49.50 spad, 3.93 ton ha-1. The cultivar Buhooth 70 with the effect of Cycocel achieved the highest average of dry matter yield of 33.27 ton ha-1.

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Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000812017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽

Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽

Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽

Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

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Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2517

Author(s):

Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽

Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽

Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽

José Alexandre Agiova da Costa

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Production ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

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Comportamiento agronómico de variedades de avena (Avena sativa L.), con niveles de hoja de coca (Erythroxylum coca) molida como abono verde en Kallutaca, La Paz

Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales ◽

10.53287/iwow6036su98o ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

Eddy Diego Gutiérrez Gonzales ◽

Octavio Mártir Coria Garcia ◽

Verónica Elisa Condori Murga

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Green Manure ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

La Paz ◽

Differential Behavior ◽

Randomized Block Design

In the Central Altiplano of Bolivia, the production of forage oats is important for the feeding of herbivorous livestock; however, the yields obtained at the producer level register low averages in dry matter. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three oat varieties, with levels of ground coca leaf as green manure, at the Kallutaca Experimental Center in the department of La Paz. A randomized block design was applied with a divided plot arrangement with four replications. The factors were oat varieties (Aguila, Gaviota and Texas) and levels of ground coca (0, 30 and 60 t ha-1), with variables days to emergence, number of tillers, plant height and dry matter yield. The results at days to emergence show differences in time 60 and 0 t ha-1 with 14 and 11 days. In relation to the number of tillers per plant, in varieties the behavior is similar with an average of 7 tillers; in relation to interaction, the values show significance. In plant height, the means recorded for the Texas variety were 137.10 cm, in the interaction the values were equal. In dry matter, there were significant differences in 60 and 30 t ha-1 with 16 427.27 and 15 281.82 kgDM ha-1, the Gaviota variety with 14 706.06 kgDM ha-1. The treatments influenced the agronomic behavior of the variables studied, the levels of green manure affected oat yield, mainly the number of tillers, which in turn affected the dry matter yield, finally the oat varieties have a differential behavior with the change in the levels of green manure.

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Effect of Elephant Grass Genotypes to Bioenergy Production

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i130289 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Henrique Guimarães De Favare ◽

Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu ◽

Livia Vieira de Barros ◽

Felipe Gomes Da Silva ◽

Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Direct Combustion ◽

Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes on energy production in the combustion form. A randomized block design with 3 repetitions was used. The treatments were arranged in subdivided plots scheme, considering as a plot the genotypes and as subplots, the harvest season. The agronomic characteristics plant height (H), leaf length (LL), leaf blade width (LBW), stem diameter (SD), tillers number (TN), stem percentage (SP), dry matter yield (DMY) were evaluated. The rainy season provided greater H to elephant grass genotypes with height above 3.5 m. The average SP obtained by the genotypes was 68.21% and 67.21% to the first and second year of cultivation, respectively, which gives the biomass good quality of burning. The rainy season provided greater DMY comparing to the dry season. In the first year of cultivation there were genotypes with annual dry matter yield (ADMY) above 50 ton ha-1 year-1, however, the non-maintenance of soil fertility promoted the reduction of 39.17% and 39.05% in the DMY and ADMY, respectively. Analyzing the agronomic characteristics, we conclude that the promising genotypes of elephant grass to produce energy in the form of direct combustion are CNPGL 91-25-1, Cubano Pinda, BRS Canará, Porto Rico and Mercker.

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