scholarly journals Class Map: Improving Students’ Skills of Organic Synthesis in Learning Organic Chemistry for Pre-University Students

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Nik Mawar Hanifah Nik Hassan ◽  
Othman Talib ◽  
Hairul Faiezi Lokman

This action research uses the Kemmis & Mc Taggart Model (1988) to improve the skills for science stream of pre-university students in organic synthesis topic to convert one functional group to another by using Class Map in learning Organic Chemistry. The objectives of this study were to improve memory skills in conversion of functional groups in an Organic Chemistry reaction and to cultivate students' interest in the subject of Organic Chemistry. A total of six students of 6 Delta 2, SMK Sultan Abu Bakar were involved in this study. Preliminary surveys were conducted through observations, document analysis and interviews. The results of the survey showed that students could not remember the conversion of functional group well because in the Semester Three chemistry syllabus, there are too many chemical reactions, causing students less interested in learning Organic Chemistry. Students were exposed to the Class Map within two months. The test results displayed that (i) students can recall the functional group conversion reaction in an Organic Chemistry and (ii) students can apply the organic reactions learned in answering questions. The findings of the interviews showed that students can cultivate an interest in Organic Chemistry subject.

Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li ◽  
Chris Limberakis ◽  
Derek A. Pflum

Searching for reaction in organic synthesis has been made much easier in the current age of computer databases. However, the dilemma now is which procedure one selects among the ocean of choices. Especially for novices in the laboratory, it becomes a daunting task to decide what reaction conditions to experiment with first in order to have the best chance of success. This collection intends to serve as an "older and wiser lab-mate" one could have by compiling many of the most commonly used experimental procedures in organic synthesis. With chapters that cover such topics as functional group manipulations, oxidation, reduction, and carbon-carbon bond formation, Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory will be useful for both graduate students and professors in organic chemistry and medicinal chemists in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.


2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Anzovino ◽  
Stacey Lowery Bretz

Organic chemistry students struggle with reaction mechanisms and the electron-pushing formalism (EPF) used by practicing organic chemists. Faculty have identified an understanding of nucleophiles and electrophiles as one conceptual prerequisite to mastery of the EPF, but little is known about organic chemistry students' knowledge of nucleophiles and electrophiles. This research explored the ideas held by second-semester organic chemistry students about nucleophiles and electrophiles, finding that these students prioritize structure over function, relying primarily on charges to define and identify such species, both in general and in the context of specific chemical reactions. Contrary to faculty who view knowledge of nucleophiles and electrophiles as prerequisite to learning mechanisms and EPF, students demonstrated that they needed to know the mechanism of a reaction before they were able to assess whether the reaction involved nucleophiles and electrophiles or not.


10.29007/493z ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Masoumi ◽  
Megan Antoniazzi ◽  
Mikhail Soutchanski

Organic Synthesis is a computationally challenging practical problem concerned with constructing a target molecule from a set of initially available molecules via chemical reactions. This paper demonstrates how organic synthesis can be formulated as a planning problem in Artificial Intelligence, and how it can be explored using the state-of-the-art domain independent planners.To this end, we develop a methodology to represent chemical molecules and generic reactions in PDDL 2.2, a version of the standardized Planning Domain Definition Language popular in AI. In our model, derived predicates define common functional groups and chemical classes in chemistry, and actionscorrespond to generic chemical reactions. We develop a set of benchmark problems. Since PDDL is supported as an input language by many modern planners, our benchmark can be subsequently useful forempirical assessment of the performance of various state-of-the-art planners.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwinsyah Satria

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of the method of playing the answers can increase the participation of students in answering the question, responding to questions and discuss the study of NATURAL SCIENCE. The research is the research action class with the subject grade IV which amounted to 16 people. Research instrument is the observation sheet implementation of the learning process of teachers, student participation, observation sheets and test results of student learning. Results of the research cycle I gained an average of the percentage of participation of students in a discussion ask 46,87% while on cycle II 71,87%, answering questions on a cycle I 53,12%, while on cycle II 71,87%, and respond to questions on the cycle I 40,62% while on cycle II 71,87%. This means the target indicator in this research work and implementation of learning the IPA with the method of play took place with good answers. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that the teacher can use the method to improve the participation response played learn IPA students.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Masoumi

This thesis formulates organic chemistry synthesis problems as Artificial Intelligence planning problems and uses a combination of techniques developed in the field of planning to solve organic synthesis problems. To this end, a methodology for axiomatizing organic chemistry is developed, which includes axiomatizing molecules and functional groups, as well as two approaches for representing chemical reactions in a logical language amenable to reasoning. A novel algorithm for planning specific to organic chemistry is further developed, based on which a planner capable of identifying 75 functional groups and chemical classes is implemented with a knowledge base of 55 generic chemical reactions. The performance of the planner is empirically evaluated on two sets of benchmark problems and analytically compared with a number of competing algorithms. v


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu ◽  
Ahmet Akın

University students’ achievements in organic chemistry depend on cognitive variables. In addition, non-cognitive variables such as anxiety levels also have an impact on students’ organic chemistry achievements. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in organic chemistry lessons. In this study, the Organic Chemistry Anxiety Scale (O-CAS) consisting of 24 items was developed, its validity and reliability was analysed. All the items are positively worded to indicate increased anxiety. Factor analytic evidence from a sample (n=340) of university organic chemistry students indicated that the O-CAS measured three constructs. Additional analysis with a second sample (n=297) showed that scores on these anxiety constructs were internally consistent, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 and were 0.95 for the overall scale. Further, the result of analysis of the third sample (n=195) indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between organic chemistry anxiety and organic chemistry achievement of students. According to these results, the O-CAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in chemistry education. Key words: anxiety, chemistry education, organic chemistry, reliability, and validity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Popova ◽  
Stacey Lowery Bretz

Organic chemistry students struggle with understanding the energetics of chemical reactions. Reaction coordinate diagrams are one tool that is widely used in organic chemistry classrooms to assist students with visualizing and explaining the energy changes that take place throughout a reaction. Thirty-six students enrolled in organic chemistry II participated in a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews to investigate the extent to which students meaningfully extract and integrate information encoded in reaction coordinate diagrams. Results show that students have difficulties explaining the meanings of surface features such as peaks, valleys, peak height, and peak width. Analysis of students’ explanations resulted in four themes that describe students’ challenges with correctly interpreting the features of reaction coordinate diagrams. Students conflated transition states and intermediates, despite being able to recite definitions. Students described the chemical species encoded at points along thex-axis of the reaction coordinate diagrams, while largely ignoring the energies of the species encoded along they-axis. Implications for teaching organic chemistry are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Masoumi

This thesis formulates organic chemistry synthesis problems as Artificial Intelligence planning problems and uses a combination of techniques developed in the field of planning to solve organic synthesis problems. To this end, a methodology for axiomatizing organic chemistry is developed, which includes axiomatizing molecules and functional groups, as well as two approaches for representing chemical reactions in a logical language amenable to reasoning. A novel algorithm for planning specific to organic chemistry is further developed, based on which a planner capable of identifying 75 functional groups and chemical classes is implemented with a knowledge base of 55 generic chemical reactions. The performance of the planner is empirically evaluated on two sets of benchmark problems and analytically compared with a number of competing algorithms. v


Author(s):  
Douglass F. Taber ◽  
Tristan Lambert

Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2011-2013 is a convenient, concise reference that summarizes the most important current developments in organic synthesis, from functional group transformations to complex natural product synthesis. The fifth volume in the esteemed State of the Art series, the book compiles two years' worth of Douglass Taber's popular weekly column Organic Chemistry Highlights. The series is an invaluable resource, leading chemists quickly and easily to the most significant developments in the field. The book is logically divided into two sections: the first section focuses on specific topics in organic synthesis, such as C-N Ring Construction and Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation. Each topic is presented using the most significant publications within those areas of research. The journal references are included in the text. The second section focuses on benchmark total syntheses, with an analysis of the strategy for each, and discussions of pivotal transformations. Synthetic organic chemistry is a complex and rapidly growing field, with additional new journals appearing almost every year. Staying abreast of recent research is a daunting undertaking. This book is an ideal tool for both practicing chemists and students, offering a rich source of information and suggesting fruitful pathways for future investigation.


EDUKASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanudin S. Usman

The purpose of this research is to know how to incerease the students’ learning achievement that has been applied learning contextual task-based learning model and to know the influence of contextual learning in  the task-based teaching model to improve achievemen and motivation to learn the material pe civis lesson.   This research is an action research by theree rounds. Each round consists of four phases. Design activities are observation, and revesion. The subject of the research is XI grade students of Bina Informatika Ternate accademic year 2015/2016. Data obtained in the form of a formative test results, observation sheet teaching and learning activities. The results of the research showed that students’ achivement increased from round I to III that the round 1, (70.00 % ), (92,50 %)  3 cycles, conclusions of this research is the method of cooperatif learning can be a positive influence on students motivation and achievement in material udaya politics in Indonesia. It means that this model can be used as one of the alternative learning for Pkn.            Kata  kunci: PKn, cooperative learning method


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