scholarly journals Tocilizumab in Severe Covid-19 Infection, Early Experiences at a Community Hospital

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Mortality Benefit ◽  
Inflammatory Cascade ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Severe Pulmonary Disease

The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in more than 118 million cases and more than 2.5 million deaths. Most fatalities are related to severe pulmonary disease caused by a severe inflammatory response to the virus in the lungs. As yet there is no uniformly successful therapeutic agent. Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-6 receptor thus inhibiting IL-6 mediated signaling of the inflammatory cascade. Early trials did not show a mortality benefit in patients treated with this agent. Newer studies have shown a benefit when Tocilizumab is used in conjunction with corticosteroids. This is a brief report on 7 patients with severe COVID-19 infection who received Tocilizumab therapy at our community hospital in the early period of the pandemic.

COVID-19: Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Chauhan ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma ◽  
Shikha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Golgi Membrane ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Global Pandemic

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is the most contagious virus, which has been characterized as a global pandemic by WHO. The pathological cycle of COVID-19 virus can be specified as RNAaemia, severe pneumonia, along with the Ground-glass opacity (GGO), and acute cardiac injury. The S protein of Coronavirus has been reported to be involved in the entry of the virus into the host cell, which can be accomplished by direct membrane fusion between the virus and plasma membrane. In the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi membrane, the newly formed enveloped glycoproteins are introduced. The spread of disease occurs due to contact and droplets unleashed by the vesicles holding the virus particles combined with the plasma membrane to the virus released by the host. The present manuscript describes the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and various treatment strategies that include drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, antibodies: SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and plasma treatment facilitate the therapeutic effect.

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 1895-1907
Author(s):  
Navgeet Kaur ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Rakesh K. Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancerous Cells

The importance of monoclonal antibodies in oncology has increased drastically following the discovery of Milstein and Kohler. Since the first approval of the monoclonal antibody, i.e. Rituximab in 1997 by the FDA, there was a decline in further applications but this number has significantly increased over the last three decades for various therapeutic applications due to the lesser side effects in comparison to the traditional chemotherapy methods. Presently, numerous monoclonal antibodies have been approved and many are in queue for approval as a strong therapeutic agent for treating hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The main target checkpoints for the monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells include EGFR, VEGF, CD and tyrosine kinase which are overexpressed in malignant cells. Other immune checkpoints like CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-1 receptors targeted by the recently developed antibodies increase the capability of the immune system in destroying the cancerous cells. Here, in this review, the mechanism of action, uses and target points of the approved mAbs against cancer have been summarized.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Management of a Substantial Pelvic Aneurysmatic Bone Cyst Including the Off-Label Use of Denosumab in a 35-Year-Old Female Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
D. Ntalos ◽  
M. Priemel ◽  
C. Schlickewei ◽  
D. M. Thiesen ◽  
J. M. Rueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Agent

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign bone tumors, which are highly vascularized. The main course of treatment is curettage followed by bone grafting or cement insertion. Still recurrence remains a main problem for patients. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the RANK/RANKL pathway, diminishing bone turnover. Recent case reports have shown that Denosumab can be a promising therapeutic agent for people suffering from therapy-resistant ABC. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting with a pronounced ABC of the pelvis. Since the tumor was inoperable, Denosumab was administered, leading to a significant shrinkage of the lesion, which allowed surgical intervention. Upon recurrence, Denosumab was restarted putting the patient once more into remission. Follow-up was four years overall with a clinical and radiological stable disease for fifteen months after final discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody. Therefore, our case further underlines the potential of Denosumab in the treatment of ABC.

scholarly journals Psoriasis and Atherosclerosis—Skin, Joints and Cardiovascular Story of Two Plaques in Relation to the Treatment with Biologics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10402
Author(s):  
Karina Wierzbowska-Drabik ◽  
Aleksandra Lesiak ◽  
Małgorzata Skibińska ◽  
Michał Niedźwiedź ◽  
Jarosław D. Kasprzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
Inflammatory Cascade ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Tnf Α

It is known that both psoriasis (PSO) limited to the skin and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) increase the risk of cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis progression by inducing systemic inflammatory response. In recent decades, the introduction of biological medications directed initially against TNF-α and, later, different targets in the inflammatory cascade brought a significant breakthrough in the efficacy of PSO/PSA treatment. In this review, we present and discuss the most recent findings related to the interplay between the genetics and immunology mechanisms involved in PSO and PSA, atherosclerosis and the development of cardiac dysfunction, as well as the current PSO/PSA treatment in view of cardiovascular safety and prognosis.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Oral Manifestations-A Dentist's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV5
Author(s):  
Ruhee Sangha ◽  
Sumanjit ◽  
Ramandeep Sandhu ◽  
Mohit Bansal ◽  
Simran
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Global Pandemic

Covid-19 is a global pandemic disease which has crippled health care system and economics worldwide. According to WHO, an acute respiratory infection, fever and cough are the most valid diagnostic clinical features. Some common orofacial manifestations of this viral infection may contribute to early diagnosis of covid-19 infection. Oral manifestations include olfactory and gustatory disturbances, dry mouth, facial pain, vesicobullous lesions such as erosion, pustule, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation and depapilliated tongue with whitish areas, hemorrhagic crust, necrosis, swelling and  erythema. The most common sites of involvement in descending order are tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%).  Oral lesions are symptomatic in 68% of the cases who test positive for SARS Co-V. Lack of oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and hyper-inflammatory response secondary to COVID-19 are the most important predisposing factors for onset of oral lesions in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals CEREBROPROTEIN HYDROLYSATE INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS): A CASE REPORT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarali Devi ◽  
Subhash Sarma ◽  
Urmi Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Agent

<p>Cerebroprotein hydrolysate is a newer pharmacological neurotropic agent and considered as a promising therapeutic agent for dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury and acute ischaemic stroke. Studies revealed that most of the side effects are minor. Here, we reported a case of Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) probably due to use of Cerebroprotein hydrolysate in a patient with acute ischaemic stroke.</p>

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: Hope and Search for Effective Therapeutic Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-942
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), respiratory diseases and a major threat to mankind is spreading at an unstoppable rate affecting almost every part of the world with Europe being the most affected continent. Originated from China in December 2019 with sequence homology similar to SARS having a high rate of mutation has created a global pandemic with no effective therapy available. Objective: This editorial summarizes the list of potential antiviral drugs or other effective therapy that is in the clinical trial. Methods: The literature search is based on recent publications (year, 2020) available on PubMed and drug/therapy registered on the ClinicalTrial.gov portal. Results: Hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and convalescent plasma are some of the most common drug/therapy that has come as a hope against COVID-19. Conclusion: In view of the current COVID-19 situation, more rigorous efforts are needed. Drugs with better outcomes need more exploration.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Lung Inflammatory Response to Serotype 8 Pneumococcal Infection by a Human Immunoglobulin M Monoclonal Antibody to Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 4530-4538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika Burns ◽  
Maria Abadi ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

ABSTRACT The human monoclonal antibody to serotype 8 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide D11 [immunoglobulin M(κ)] protects wild-type and complement component 4 knockout (C4 KO) mice against lethal intratracheal challenge with serotype 8 pneumococcus, but it does not promote polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated pneumococcal killing in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of D11 on the blood and lung bacterial burdens and the serum and lung expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in an intratracheal challenge model with serotype 8 pneumococcus in C4 KO mice. Pneumococcus was not detected in the blood of D11-treated mice, whereas control mice had high-grade bacteremia with >107 CFU. Control mice had a >5-log increase in lung CFU and D11-treated mice manifested a nearly 3-log increase in lung CFU compared to the original inoculum 24 h after infection. Serum and lung levels of soluble macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and interleulin-6 (IL-6) as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were lower in D11-treated mice than in control mice 24 h after infection. Real-time PCR was performed to examine lung mRNA chemokine and cytokine expression. The results showed that D11-treated mice had significantly less gamma interferon, MIP-2, IL-12, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/JE, and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression than control mice 24 h after infection. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining of lung tissues revealed that D11-treated mice had less inflammation, fewer PMNs, and less myeloperoxidase staining than control mice 24 h after infection. These findings suggest that the efficacy of certain serotype-specific antibodies against pneumococcal pneumonia could be associated with modulation of the lung inflammatory response and a reduction in host damage.

scholarly journals Possible Role for Bacteriophages in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vijaya Nath Mishra ◽  
Nidhi Kumari ◽  
Abhishek Pathak ◽  
Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
The Impact

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Since then, the outbreak has grown into a global pandemic, and neither a vaccine nor a treatment for the disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is currently available. The slow translational progress in the field of research suggests that a large number of studies are urgently required. In this context, this review explores the impact of bacteriophages on SARS-CoV-2, especially concerning phage therapy (PT). Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacterial cells. Several studies have confirmed that in addition to their antibacterial abilities, bacteriophages also show antiviral and antifungal properties. It has also been shown that PT is effective for building immunity against viral pathogens by reducing the activation of NF kappa B; additionally, phages produce the antiviral protein phagicin. The Ganges river in India, which originates from the Himalayan range, is known to harbor a large number of bacteriophages, which are released into the river gradually by the melting permafrost. Water from this river has traditionally been considered a therapeutic agent for several diseases. In this review, we hypothesize that the Ganges river may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of COVID-19.

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