Linguistic and Geographical Dynamics of Orographic Terms
The terrain is diverse. Depending on the features in different regions, geographicalobjects are assigned different names. Each nation, based on its life and worldview, depending onnature, gives different names to the places in which it lives. The article will provide a linguistic andgeographical analysis of the relationship of the triad man – earth – name, taking into account thetraditions common to all peoples inhabiting the Earth, including the principles of naming theKazakh ethnic group. Geographical names in modern science are evaluated as the “language of theearth”. It is divided into generalizing and individualizing names. The generalizing names includefolk terms, the individualizing names are toponyms, the first have a descriptive meaning, the secondare individualizing, i.e. they perform the function of personification from other forms. Since theyare closely related to each other, they originate from each other, in most cases they are of a longnature. This is the evolutionary dynamics of language development.In this article, prepared on the basis of the concepts of “interdisciplinary connection”,“complexity”, which attract attention by their relevance in modern science, the regularities of thedevelopment of orographic terms are also considered. The course of development is divided intoterminological, as an element of an artistic language, and toponymic directions of development. Thefigurative meaning, the term meaning, the toponymic meaning are a vivid manifestation of thesethree directions in one word. The truth is that over time, becoming more and more autonomousfrom each other, each in its own way turns into a separate sphere. The research is devoted to thetheoretical and applied description of the degree of quality with the definition of the lexical systemof orographic terms that have developed in the language of the people for centuries.