scholarly journals Implicit Learning of Motor Behavior Through Observation in Middle-School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayeric Cairo ◽  
Janette Sierra ◽  
Maryam Vaziri Pashkam
Keyword(s):  
Middle School Students ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Motor Component ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Current Student

There is a disagreement in the neuropsychological literature regarding the nature of observational learning, strictly without a motor component. While some studies claim explicit influences are needed in order for learning to occur, others argue that they are not. The current student aims at understanding this gap, in particular emphasizing the observation aspect, since there is a limited number of research on this component. An experiment was conducted to measure both the short- and long-term of this effect using a neutral parameter procedure among two groups and a control. It was found that there was a significant effect of implicit learning. These findings are analyzed in a behavioral aspect and taken into consideration for limitations, implications and future research.

Capabilities of Bottom of the Pyramid Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110018
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Rodrigo L. Morais-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Short And Long Term

Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) organizations are the ones that develop a set of capabilities that contribute to create short- and long-term sustainability values inside and outside the boundaries of BoP ecosystems. Capabilities have an important role in BoP organizations’ strategies that aim to solve BoP issues. Notwithstanding its developments, BoP research still lacks theoretical contributions for the analysis of organizations. We suggest special attention to the need of advancing knowledge on capabilities of BoP organizations because this field is scattered and fragmented, misinterpreted, and still underdeveloped in the literature. We oriented our research formulating and seeking answers to our main question on what are the capabilities needed to enable organizations to create sustainability values in BoP ecosystems? We conducted an integrative review of BoP research for the period from 1998 to 2019, and we found 22 key capabilities of BoP organizations. We organized the capabilities into four major categories including BoP Responsible Consumption, BoP Responsible Business Model, BoP Responsible Management, and BoP Responsible Innovation. We advanced propositions and discussions regarding the capabilities and major categories’ popularity, interdependence and combination, short- and long-term temporal functions, sustainability roles, and effectiveness to address BoP issues. Our article organizes the field of capabilities of BoP organizations; advances contributions and implications for management, organizations, and policymaking; and opens fruitful avenues for future research.

Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey

Trauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Aswegen ◽  
Julie Reeve ◽  
Lisa Beach ◽  
Romy Parker ◽  
Monika Fagevik Olsèn
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Surgical Fixation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ventilatory Management

Aim Major chest trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with major chest trauma includes pain relief, ventilatory management, surgical fixation and early rehabilitation to improve both short- and long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy is widely considered an integral component of the multidisciplinary trauma team and aims to improve respiratory status and reduce the sequelae associated with immobility and reduced physical function. Despite this there is scarce evidence describing or investigating physiotherapy interventions and how these practices vary worldwide. The aim of this study was to ascertain the current physiotherapy management of patients having sustained major chest trauma and to investigate how such practices varied internationally. Methods A purpose designed online survey was administered to a group of experienced physiotherapists who work in the field of trauma. Results Response rate was 51% ( n = 49) and respondents represented all five continents. Respondents reported focussing on active coughing ( n = 46, 96%, r = 0.5, p = 0.98), body positioning ( n = 43, 94%, r = 0.7, p = 0.41), deep breathing exercises ( n = 44, 94%, r = 0.8, p = 0.66) and early mobilisation ( n = 47, 98%, r = 1, p = 0.64). Ambulation in hospital was reported to be common ( n = 46, 98%, r = 0.2, p = 0.99) but rehabilitation to address longer term sequelae following hospital discharge was reported to be rare ( n = 4, 8%). Conclusion This survey has highlighted those practices used by physiotherapists worldwide which aim to address the complications associated with major chest trauma. Having established global practice, the study provides a platform for future research investigating the efficacy of such interventions in improving both short- and long-term outcomes for patients following major chest injury.

scholarly journals Effects of an Interview Article Writing Intervention Using Class-wide SNS on Writing Abilities and Self-Esteem of Students With Intellectual Disabilities and Peers’ Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Zihyun Lim ◽  
Suk-Hyang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Middle School Students ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Writing Intervention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Students With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Multiple Probe

This study was to investigate the effects of a process-based approach to writing interview articles using class-wide social network site (SNS) on the writing abilities and self-esteem of middle school students with intellectual disabilities. It also aimed at investigating these effects on attitudes of the students’ peers who were interviewed. A multiple probe baseline design across participants was employed to assess the writing abilities of three students with intellectual disabilities. A one-group pre- and posttest design was used to examine the changes in the attitudes of peers toward the students with intellectual disabilities. The intervention improved the writing abilities of the three participants along with increases of their self-esteem. The participants’ peers in the inclusive classrooms also showed positive changes in their attitudes toward the students with intellectual disabilities. This study has significance in that teaching interview article writing using class-wide SNS was effective not only in promoting the writing skills of students with intellectual disabilities but in improving their peers’ attitudes toward them. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Changes in Middle School Students’ Motivation Toward Physical Education Over One School Year

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Amelia M. Lee ◽  
Melinda A. Solmon ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Task Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

This study investigated the relationships and mean-level changes of middle school students’ motivation (expectancy-related beliefs, task values, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy) toward physical education over time, and how gender affected students’ motivation. Participants (N = 206) completed questionnaires over a 1-year period: once in the sixth and seventh grades and again in the seventh and eighth grades. Results yielded that self-efficacy and task values were positive predictors of students’ intention across cohorts. The mean levels of self-efficacy decreased over time for students in Cohort 1 (across sixth and seventh grades). However, results revealed a consistent decline in the mean levels of other motivational variables for both cohorts. No gender differences emerged for the variables. The findings are discussed in regard to the implications for educational practice, and future research areas are presented.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Health Consequences and Clinical Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Simona Calugi ◽  
Riccardo Dalle Grave
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
European Association ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Short And Long Term

Over the last decade, a new condition, which occurs in the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity, has been termed “sarcopenic obesity”. The term describes the coexistence of obesity, defined as the increase in body fat mass deposition, and sarcopenia, defined as the reduction in lean mass and muscle strength. However, many uncertainties still surround the condition of sarcopenic obesity in terms of its definition, the adverse short- and long-term health effects (i.e., medical disease, psychosocial functioning, quality of life and mortality) and its clinical management. The aim of this short communication is to emphasize some crucial aspects that future research should take into account in order to avoid bias and misinterpretations and to underline that the study of sarcopenic obesity should be considered a scientific and clinical priority, as reported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).

scholarly journals Transient inhibition and long-term facilitation of locomotion by phasic optogenetic activation of serotonin neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia A Correia ◽  
Eran Lottem ◽  
Dhruba Banerjee ◽  
Ana S Machado ◽  
Megan R Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
Long Term Facilitation ◽  
The Impact

Serotonin (5-HT) is associated with mood and motivation but the function of endogenous 5-HT remains controversial. Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice over time scales from seconds to weeks. We found that activating dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neurons induced a strong suppression of spontaneous locomotor behavior in the open field with rapid kinetics (onset ≤1 s). Inhibition of locomotion was independent of measures of anxiety or motor impairment and could be overcome by strong motivational drive. Repetitive place-contingent pairing of activation caused neither place preference nor aversion. However, repeated 15 min daily stimulation caused a persistent increase in spontaneous locomotion to emerge over three weeks. These results show that 5-HT transients have strong and opposing short and long-term effects on motor behavior that appear to arise from effects on the underlying factors that motivate actions.

Middle School Students’ Expectations about Counseling

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0701000
Author(s):  
Cheryl Moore-Thomas ◽  
Robert W. Lent
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
School Students ◽  
Counseling Expectations

Although counseling expectations have been studied in late adolescent and adult samples, little is known about younger adolescents’ openness to counseling and perceptions of the counseling process. In this study, 329 middle school students completed the Expectations About Counseling Questionnaire–Brief Form (Tinsley, 1982). An exploratory factor analysis indicated support for a two-factor structure, consisting of expectations about (a) the student's role and (b) the school counselor's role. Implications are considered for future research and practical efforts to enable young adolescents to benefit more fully from responsive counseling services.

scholarly journals The importance of financial recession for mental health among students: short- and long-term analyses from an ecosocial perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hammarström ◽  
Pekka Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Short And Long Term

Background and aim: Referring to the ecosocial theory and utilising the ‘natural experiment’ setting provided by the global recession at the beginning of 1990s, the aim of our study was to analyse the short- and long-term associations between trade and mental health in young students followed until mid-adulthood. Method: The study was based on two prospective cohort studies, the older and the younger Northern Swedish Cohort which both consisted of all pupils in a middle-sized industrial town in Northern Sweden. At age 21, the younger cohort entered the labour market during the deep recession of the early 1990s, while the older cohort entered the labour market during the boom of the 1980s. Both cohorts were followed up with a high response rate in mid adulthood. For this study, all students were selected at age 21. Results: At age 21, those who studied during recession had more depressive and functional somatic symptoms than those who studied during boom. The cohort differences did not remain over age: by the follow-up in early middle age the differences between the cohorts were non-significant, most notably due to decreased depressive symptoms in the younger cohort and increase of functional somatic symptoms in the older cohort. Conclusions: The short-term mental health consequences of the business cycle seem to be more extensive than limited only to those who are unemployed, even though the possible long-term consequences seem to be more complex. Thus, the macrolevel had a great short-term impact on the individual level in relation to the microlevel setting of university/school. The chronosystem was also of major importance. Future research would benefit from taking the context into account.

scholarly journals Recent Insights on Prevalence and Corelations of Hypoactive Delirium

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaios Peritogiannis ◽  
Maria Bolosi ◽  
Charalampos Lixouriotis ◽  
Dimitrios V. Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome which is common in all medical settings. It often goes unrecognized due to difficulties in the detection of its hypoactive variant. This review aims to provide an up-to-date account on recent research on hypoactive delirium (HD). Thirty-eight studies, which were conducted in various clinical settings, including the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), were included in this review. Those studies involved recent research that has been published during the last 6 years. Prevalence of HD was found to vary considerably among different settings. HD seems to be more common in critically ill patients and less common in patients examined by consultation-liaison psychiatric services and in mixed patient populations. The presence of HD in ICU patients was associated with higher short- and long-term mortality and other adverse outcomes, but no such association was reported in other settings. Research on other possible associations of HD with clinical variables and on symptom presentation yielded inconclusive results, although there is some evidence for a possible association of HD with benzodiazepine use. There are several methodological issues that need to be addressed by future research. Future studies should examine HD in the primary care setting; treatment interventions should also be the objective of future research.

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