scholarly journals KONSEP AL-FANA’, AL-BAQA’ DAN AL-ITTIHAD ABU YAZID AL-BUSTAMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Junaidin Junaidin
Keyword(s):  
Attributes Of God ◽  
Mixed Responses

This article is an analysis of the concepts of fana, baqa and Ittihat promoted by Abu Yazid al-Bustami. The understanding of Fana' which was developed by him is to state that when humans have reached the level of Fana', which means the loss of awareness of the existence of oneself and the environment, then he will be Baqa' which means continuous in the attributes of divinity. Namely, the eternal commendable attributes and attributes of God in humans and the peak is that humans can unite or ittihad with God so that the personal self becomes non-existent and there is only God. This understanding received mixed responses from the scholars. Shari'ah scholars or fiqh experts tend to state that this understanding is misleading and al-Bustami is said to be infidel, some consider it just a deviation and some understand that an understanding based on al-Bustami's expressions cannot be used as a guide because it was conveyed when he was not in his self-consciousness, but is subject to intuition when he is mortal', baqa', and Ittihad.

Bernardin de Saint-Pierre and the Ubiquity of Harmonies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Adam Drozdek
Keyword(s):  
Attributes Of God ◽  
The Way

Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737–1814), who is remembered today primarily for his novel Paul and Virginie, was mainly interested in showing the grandeur of God through his investigations of nature. He viewed nature from the teleological perspective: everything in it has some reason and the human task is to detect this reason. He provided hundreds of examples of such reasons, on many occasions exposing himself to derision. The article shows the importance of orderliness of nature, as it manifests itself in interlocking harmonies, as the way he followed to establish the theological conclusion regarding the existence and the attributes of God.

Hassidic Idealism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lebens
Keyword(s):  
Christian Belief ◽  
The World ◽  
Attributes Of God ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Trinity

Hassidic idealism is the view that the world and everything in it (even you and I) exist only in the mind of God. To be is to be part of God’s dream, or the story that God is telling. This chapter argues that Hassidic idealism, coupled with an understanding of the philosophy and semantics of fiction, allows us to generate a distinctive solution to ‘the problem with sefirot.’ The sefirot are the attributes of God, as the Kabbalistic tradition understands them. The problem with the sefirot is that, as they are classically understood, belief in them seems to collapse into polytheism. The problem is analogous to certain problems facing the Christian belief in the Trinity. This chapter proposes an original Hassidic solution to this problem that relies upon various insights about fictions within fictions, and fictions that include their authors as a character.

Idealism Without God

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Yetter-Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Unity Of Consciousness ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Familiar World ◽  
Attributes Of God ◽  
Physical Laws

This chapter develops a novel non-theistic (quasi-)Berkeleyan idealism. The strategy is to peel away the attributes of God that aren’t essential for the role he plays in idealist metaphysics. Neither God’s desires, intentions, beliefs, nor his status as an agent is relevant to the metaphysical work he does in sustaining a robust reality. When we peel away these things, we’re left with a view on which reality is a vast unity of consciousness, weaving together sensory experiences into the familiar world around us. The chapter argues that if reality is fundamentally phenomenal in this way, we can give a unique account of perception that robustly captures direct realist intuitions of reality forming the ‘constituents’ of our experiences. The chapter assesses the unique virtues and challenges such a view faces, paying particular attention to the question of whether idealism entails a profligacy of physical laws.

The Greatest Possible Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Speaks
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Attributes Of God

Philosophical theology is the attempt to use reason to determine the attributes of God. An ancient tradition, which is perhaps more influential now than ever, tries to derive the attributes of God from the principle that God is the greatest possible being. This book argues that that constructive project is a failure. It also argues that the principle that God is the greatest possible being is unsuited to play two other theoretical roles. The first of these is the role of setting the limits of the concept of God, particularly in the context of debates over the existence of God. The second is the role of explaining the meaning of ‘God.’ This leaves us with three unanswered questions. If the principle that God is the greatest possible being can’t deliver results about the divine attributes, define the concept of God, or give the meaning of the name ‘God,’ what can? The last chapter makes some initial steps toward answering these questions.

Neck dissection prolongs survival in patient with stage IVC hypopharyngeal carcinoma with mixed responses to nivolumab

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ito ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Takahiro Tsujikawa ◽  
Hideaki Hirai ◽  
Isaku Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Mixed Responses
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