scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of SARS-Cov-2 Infection on Multiple Organs Using Laboratory Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Cui Kong ◽  
Yizhao Li ◽  
Yao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Causative Mechanism ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still a severe threaft for human health currently, and the researches about it is a focus topic worldwide. Aim of the study: In this study, we will collect some laboratory results of the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to assess the function of liver, heart, kidney and even pancreas.  Subjects and Methods: Laboratory results of the patients with COVID-19 are collected. The biochemical indices are classified and used to assess the according function of liver, heart, kidney; meantime, and blood glucose is also observed and taken as an index to roughly evaluate pancreas. Results: There were some indices exhibited abnormal. For patient 1, the ratio of albumin and globulin slightly was lower than the down-limit of reference range. For patient 2, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBDH), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) were respectively higher than the according upper limit of the reference range, while prealbumin (PA) was lower than the down limit. For patient 3, GGT, CK, PA were high than normal range. For patient 4, CK, LDH, HBDH were higher than the upper range. Conclusion: Infection of SARS-Cov-2 could cause liver and heart injury, and it is suggested that clinicians and researchers should pay more attention on the prevention, treatment and causative mechanism of such an injury.

Reflotron assays of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in whole-blood samples evaluated.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R James ◽  
C P Price
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Practice ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Abstract We evaluated the Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim) system for measuring activities of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2). Within- and between-day precision were comparable with conventional analytical methods. The linear range of the methods extended to more than 40-fold the upper limit of the reference range. The methods were not influenced by moderate changes in blood rheology and also tolerated some variation in sample volume applied. We consider these methods to be suitable for use in satellite or physicians' office laboratories (with appropriate training of operators), and they can produce results that agree satisfactorily with those determined in routine laboratory practice.

scholarly journals What is the normal range of obstetric shock index in the immediate postpartum period in a low resource setting?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor ◽  
Chuka Nobert Obi ◽  
Olisah Elvis Onuorah ◽  
Blessing Idzuinya Onwe ◽  
Chukwunenye Chukwu Ibo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Obstetric Population

Abstract AbstractObjective: To determine the normal range of shock index (SI), blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) among postpartum women and to compare shock index with the normal range in the current literature.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study evaluating vital signs collected at one hour of delivery in women with normal blood loss delivered in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Results: The median (95% reference range) was 120 (100 - 155.8) for systolic BP, 70 (60 - 94) for diastolic BP, 90 (66.5 - 116.6) for MAP, 82 (65 - 102) for HR, and 0.69 (0.48 - 0.89) for SI. The upper limit of SI of 0.89 in this study did support the current literature suggesting a threshold of 0.9 as upper limit of normal. However, the lower limit of SI of 0.48 in this study corresponds to the lower limit of 0.5 for non-obstetric population. Over half (56%) of the study cohorts maintained shock index values within the normal range (0.5 - 0.7) for non-obstetric population. Conclusion: Although haemodynamic changes of pregnancy widens the range of shock index in obstetric population, 56% of the participants maintained normal shock index within the reference range for non-obstetric population. We recommend that the normal obstetric shock index range of 0.7 - 0.9 in current literature be changed to 0.5 - 0.9 to accommodate this lower threshold.

New normal range of fetal cavum septum pellucidum in the second trimester of gestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Medvedev, O.I. Kozlova, À.Yu. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

Fetal brain was retrospectively evaluated in 418 normal fetuses at 16–28 weeks of gestation. The multiplanar mode to obtain the axial cerebral plane and measured the width of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and biparietal diameter (BD). All measurements of CSP were done from as the widest diameter across both borders in an inter-to inter fashion. The CSP width is increasing at second trimester of gestation. Normal range plotted on the reference range (mean, 5th and 95th percentiles) of fetal width CSP by measuring of its size may be useful for assessment of fetal brain development in the second trimester of gestation.

Correction: preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis (3 February, pages 9–12)

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Dose Heparin ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Adjusted Dose ◽  
Prophylaxis Strategy

In the table entitled ‘Anti-thrombotic prophylaxis strategy’ we gave the desired APTT range for the ‘adjusted dose heparin regimen’ as 1.5–2.5 times the control value. The aim should be to maintain the APTT at 1.5 times control (upper limit of ‘normal’ range), and no higher.

scholarly journals TSH reference range in older adults: a Brazilian study

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Weslley Rosario ◽  
Maria Regina Calsolari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Thyroperoxidase Antibodies ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: To establish serum TSH reference values for a population of Brazilian elderly, and to compare them to those found in the adult population. Subjects and methods: Healthy volunteers aged 70 to 85 years, without known thyroid disease or risk factors for thyroid dysfunction, who did not use any medication that could potentially interfere with TSH, were selected. Subjects with goiter, palpable thyroid nodules, anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies, or altered free T4 were excluded. The sample consisted of 360 older adults (180 per sex). Results: TSH values corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the sample were 0.2 and 4.62 mIU/L, respectively. TSH > 2.5 mIU/L was seen in 25.26% of the volunteers, > 3 mIU/L in 15.26%, and > 4 mIU/L in 6.1% of them. TSH values were slightly higher than those previously reported for adults (18-60 years). Conclusion: This study suggests an upper limit for normal TSH of approximately 4.6 mIU/L for the Brazilian elderly population.

scholarly journals Physical health examination in outpatients with schizophrenia: the cost effectiveness of laboratory screening tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saana Eskelinen ◽  
Janne V. J. Suvisaari ◽  
Jaana M. Suvisaari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Abnormal Result ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Guidelines on laboratory screening in schizophrenia recommend annual monitoring of fasting lipids and glucose. The utility and the cost effectiveness of more extensive laboratory screening have not been studied. Methods The Living Conditions and the Physical Health of Outpatients with Schizophrenia Study provided a comprehensive health examination, including a laboratory test panel for 275 participants. We calculated the prevalence of the results outside the reference range for each laboratory test, and estimated the cost effectiveness to find an aberrant test result using the number needed to screen to find one abnormal result (NNSAR) and the direct cost spent to find one abnormal result (DCSAR, NNSAR x direct cost per test) formulas. In addition, we studied whether patients who were obese or used clozapine had more often abnormal results. Results A half of the sample had 25-hydroxyvitamin D below, and almost one-fourth cholesterol, triglycerides or glucose above the reference range. One-fifth had sodium below and gamma glutamyltransferase above the reference range. NNSAR was highest for potassium (137) and lowest for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (2). DCSAR was below 5€ for glucose, all lipids and sodium, and below 10€ for creatinine and gamma glutamyltransferase. Potassium (130€), pH-adjusted ionized calcium (33 €) and thyroid stimulating hormone (33€) had highest DCSARs. Several abnormal results were more common in obese and clozapine using patients. Conclusions An annual laboratory screening panel for an outpatient with schizophrenia should include fasting glucose, lipids, sodium, creatinine, a liver function test and complete blood count, and preferably 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Assessing the haematology and serum chemistry of Uda rams fed different Kanwa based mineral licks

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
A. Abdulkarim ◽  
◽  
K. M. Aljameel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Normal Reference Range ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Mineral Licks ◽  
Sheep Production

This study was conducted at the Department of Animal Science’s Teaching and Research farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of feeding different kanwa based mineral licks on blood profile of Uda rams. Blood of twenty (20) yearlings Uda rams aged by dentition were used to evaluate the effect of Kanwa¬-based mineral blocks. Four (4) animals were allotted to each treatment (Kanwa block) with each animal serving as a replicate. The Kanwa used were Kanwan Bai-Bai, Kanwan Kolo, Hogga, Balma and conventional mineral lick to represent treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Data was collected at the end of the experiment. The result of haematological analysis showed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the parameters analysed except PCV, MCH, WBC and eosinophil; the result indicated that all the values where within the normal reference range except in MCHC where animals placed in T2 and T3 shows values slightly above the normal range. The result of serum biochemistry showed that all the values measured were within the normal reference range for sheep except the albumin of animals placed in T3 which had values slightly above the normal range. The serum mineral composition showed that Potassium levels were higher in T2 and lower in T4; however, there was no difference between animals placed in treatments 1, 2 and 3, so also between treatments 1, 3 and 4. The study concluded that Kanwa positively affected sheep production with no adverse effect on both haematological and serum chemistry, hence little health hazard is associated with feeding Kanwa-based blocks on growing Uda rams.

Morphological Variations and Normal Parameters of the Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Tibiofibular Syndesmotic

2021 ◽  
pp. 193864002110552
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Hashemi ◽  
Soheil Nosrati ◽  
Zahra Shayan ◽  
Amir Reza Vosoughi
Keyword(s):  
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
The Cross

Background: The aim of this study was to determine morphological variations and normal parameters of the cross-sectional tibiofibular syndesmotic anatomy. Methods: Configurations of syndesmosis, anterior syndesmotic width (ASW), posterior syndesmotic width (PSW), and overlap distance, defined as the overlap of medial fibula with a drawn line from tip of anterior tubercle of incisura fibularis to the posterior tip, were measured on normal computed tomography (CT) scans of 110 cases. Results: Seventy seven male (70%) and 33 female (30%) (left: 50 and right: 60) were assessed. Mean age of the cases was 33 ± 13 (range: 15-80) years. Three different syndesmotic configurations were crescent (55.5%), rectangular (39.1 %), and semicircle (5.4 %). Overall, mean ASW, PSW, and overlap distance were 2.72, 3.98, and 1.02 mm, respectively. Upper limit of normal ASW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 4.80, 4.85, and 3.89 mm, respectively. The maximum of PSW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 6.25, 6.50, and 4.97 mm, respectively. There was not significant difference between syndesmotic configurations based on age (P = .69) and sex (P = .16). Conclusions: During interpreting axial CT scan to diagnose syndesmotic injuries, the normal range of parameters according to the different configurations of the tibiofibular syndesmosis should be carefully considered. Level of Evidence: Level 4

THE EFFECT OF EPHEDRINE ON THE EXCRETION OF REDUCING STEROIDS, 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND URIC ACID IN HEALTHY MEN

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA M. BRAY ◽  
W. H. H. MERIVALE ◽  
D. R. C. WILLCOX
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Uric Acid Excretion ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Consistent Change

The urinary excretion in five healthy men of 17-ketosteroids, reducing steroids, uric acid and creatinine was studied for a 3-day control period, a period of 2 days during which 6 grains (390 mg.) of ephedrine were given by mouth, and for 1 day immediately thereafter. In all five men the excretion of reducing steroids rose to levels outside the normal range on one of the days on which ephedrine was given. There was an abrupt return to normal, even in the men who showed the increased excretion, on the first day of the administration of ephedrine. In two men 17-ketosteroid excretion rose above the upper limit of normal, but in two others there was no significant alteration, while in one the 17-ketosteroid excretion bore an inverse relationship to that of the reducing steroids. No consistent change occurred in the uric acid excretion.

Evaluation of a Commercial Enzymatic Method for the Determination of Total Serum Bile Acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Tobiasson ◽  
Magnus Källberg
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Bile Acids

An enzymatic method (Sterognost-3α® Flu, Nyegaard & Co, Oslo, Norway) for the determination of total serum bile acids has been evaluated, and reference values for fasting and postprandial total serum bile acids have been established. Precision was rather low in the lower normal range but satisfactory in the upper reference range and for elevated values. The upper reference value for fasting total serum bile acids was 5·0 μmol/l. Maximal postprandial elevations occurred at varying intervals after a test meal and the upper postprandial reference value was 12 μmol/l. Certain serum samples were also analysed by radioimmunological methods for conjugates of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. The values obtained with the enzymatic method correlated satisfactorily with those of the radioimmunoassay methods for most of the serum samples analysed. However, a number of samples with slightly elevated bile acid concentrations, as measured by the comparison radioimmunoassay methods, were found to have normal total serum bile acids when measured by the enzymatic method.

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