scholarly journals Energy Efficient Opportunistic Sensing Management in Fog Cloud Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Anju Gupta ◽  
R K Bathla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Opportunistic Sensing ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Cloud ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Potential Challenge

With so many people now wearing mobile devices with sensors (such as smartphones), utilizing the immense capabilities of these business mobility goods has become a prospective skill to significant behavioural and ecological sensors. A potential challenge for pervasive context assessment is opportunistic sensing, has been effectively used to a wide range of applications. The sensor cloud combines cloud technology with a wireless sensor, resulting in a scalable and cost-effective computing platform for real-time applications. Because the sensor's battery power is limited and the data centre’s servers consume a significant amount of energy to supply storage, a sensor cloud must be energy efficient. This study provides a Fog-based semantic for enabling these kinds of technologies quickly and successfully. The suggested structure is comprised of fundamental algorithms to help set up and coordinate the fog sensing jobs. It creates effective multihop routes for coordinating relevant devices and transporting acquired sensory data to fog sinks. It was claimed that energy-efficient sensor cloud approaches were categorized into different groups and that each technology was examined using numerous characteristics. The outcomes of a series of thorough test simulation in NS3 to define the practicality of the created console, as well as the proportion of each parameter utilized for each technology, are computed.

scholarly journals LED Rail Signals: Full Hardware Realization of Apparatus with Independent Intensity by Temperature Changes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Schirripa Schirripa Spagnolo ◽  
Fabio Leccese
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Set Up

Nowadays, signal lights are made using light-emitting diode arrays (LEDs). These devices are extremely energy efficient and have a very long lifetime. Unfortunately, especially for yellow/amber LEDs, the intensity of the light is closely related to the junction temperature. This makes it difficult to design signal lights to be used in naval, road, railway, and aeronautical sectors, capable of fully respecting national and international regulations. Furthermore, the limitations prescribed by the standards must be respected in a wide range of temperature variations. In other words, in the signaling apparatuses, a system that varies the light intensity emitted according to the operating temperature is useful/necessary. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective solution. In order to adjust the intensity of the light emitted by the LEDs, we use an LED identical to those used to emit light as a temperature sensor. The proposed system was created and tested in the laboratory. As the same device as the ones to be controlled is used as the temperature sensor, the system is very stable and easy to set up.

scholarly journals An Assessment on Energy Efficient Protocols for MANETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1556-1561
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Network Functionality ◽  
Current Energy

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network created without any static infrastructure and works in a decentralized fashion. The nodes are independent and communicated with each other by self-organizing among those nodes to provide the global network functionality. It draws more attention in recent years because of enormous applications and its cost-effective implementation. The communication among these nodes entirely depends on the routing path and battery power. Many researches have concentrated only on finding the shortest path and throughput in this area. The energy-efficient routing has a lot of scope and important factor to be considered for routing in MANET’s. In this article, the current energy-efficient routing protocols will be extensively reviewed and results tabulated. Finally, the paper proposes open areas in which the performance of the network may be improved by considering energy-efficient networks, achieving stability in the network and finding better routes.

Optimization of Mineral Nutrition in a Coconut Plantation Taking an Experimental Approach in situ

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
X. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYOver several decades agronomists have developed a mineral nutrition management method for perennial oil crops based on leaf analysis combined with reference field trials. This method has been used in a coconut plantation on the peats of the east coast of Sumatra to optimize mineral nutrition in a very short time, at minimum cost and with maximum reliability, through successive adjustments of the fertilizer schedules. Two reference trials were set up to study a wide range of mineral nutrients assumed to be deficient on this area. Further experiments were set up as new nutritional problems occurred at the plantation, and as soon as the first results were obtained from these two trials. In this way, the iron and copper deficiency problems at the plantation were dealt with satisfactorily taking an experimental approach. New experiments were set up recently to test the hypothesis of a silicon deficiency. The fertilization schedules for the commercial plantation were developed by successive adjustments based on the trial results. Leaf analysis data showed that the coconut palms in the commercial plots always complied with the experimental models. In addition to being rapid and reliable, this method was also cost-effective, especially when larger areas were involved.

Optimization of Mineral Nutrition in a Coconut Plantation Taking an Experimental Approach in situ

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
X. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYOver several decades agronomists have developed a mineral nutrition management method for perennial oil crops based on leaf analysis combined with reference field trials. This method has been used in a coconut plantation on the peats of the east coast of Sumatra to optimize mineral nutrition in a very short time, at minimum cost and with maximum reliability, through successive adjustments of the fertilizer schedules. Two reference trials were set up to study a wide range of mineral nutrients assumed to be deficient on this area. Further experiments were set up as new nutritional problems occurred at the plantation, and as soon as the first results were obtained from these two trials. In this way, the iron and copper deficiency problems at the plantation were dealt with satisfactorily taking an experimental approach. New experiments were set up recently to test the hypothesis of a silicon deficiency. The fertilization schedules for the commercial plantation were developed by successive adjustments based on the trial results. Leaf analysis data showed that the coconut palms in the commercial plots always complied with the experimental models. In addition to being rapid and reliable, this method was also cost-effective, especially when larger areas were involved.

scholarly journals A new method to compute mechanical properties of a standing skyline for cable yarding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256374
Author(s):  
Christian Knobloch ◽  
Leo Gallus Bont
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Cable Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Set Up

Cable-based technologies are the backbone for logistics of timber or construction material on impassable terrain. In Central Europe, the use of standing skylines with pre-stressed, both-sided fixed-anchor cables and multi-span configurations with internal intermediate supports is common. To ensure a safe and cost-effective set-up for cable road operations, it is essential to identify and compute the properties of the skyline (e.g. load path, tensile forces). This task is challenging because it requires dealing with the non‐linear behaviour of the cable structure under the load and has to include all significant physical effects. Several approaches have previously been proposed as practical solutions, however not all physical effects were covered by those approaches, such as the inclination-dependent elastic prolongation of the cable or the longitudinal deflection of the sagging carriage. With our new proposed approach, we aim to close this gap of knowledge, and consider all relevant physical effects. We present a non-linear approach that is able to compute the properties of a wide range of standing skyline configurations, including those with additional cables. This approach offers an extensive solution and a flexible framework for considering individual configurations or particularities by adding equations to the equation system.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Settlers or Movers? The Temporality of Past Migrations, Political Inaction and its Consequences, 1945–1985

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozefien De Bock
Keyword(s):  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Temporary Migrants ◽  
Multicultural Policies

Historically, those societies that have the longest tradition in multicultural policies are settler societies. The question of how to deal with temporary migrants has only recently aroused their interest. In Europe, temporary migration programmes have a much longer history. In the period after WWII, a wide range of legal frameworks were set up to import temporary workers, who came to be known as guest workers. In the end, many of these ‘guests’ settled in Europe permanently. Their presence lay at the basis of European multicultural policies. However, when these policies were drafted, the former mobility of guest workers had been forgotten. This chapter will focus on this mobility of initially temporary workers, comparing the period of economic growth 1945-1974 with the years after the 1974 economic crisis. Further, it will look at the kind of policies that were developed towards guest workers in the era before multiculturalism. This way, it shows how their consideration as temporary residents had far-reaching consequences for the immigrants, their descendants and the receiving societies involved. The chapter will finish by suggesting a number of lessons from the past. If the mobility-gap between guest workers and present-day migrants is not as big as generally assumed, then the consequences of previous neglect should serve as a warning for future policy making.

ORAL HISTORY SOURCES AS LEARNING MATERIALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Gugulethu Shamaine Nkala ◽  
Rodreck David
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Archives ◽  
National University ◽  
Set Up

Knowledge presented by Oral History (OH) is unique in that it shares the tacit perspective, thoughts, opinions and understanding of the interviewee in its primary form. While teachers, lecturers and other education specialists have at their disposal a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary sources upon which to relate and share or impart knowledge, OH presents a rich source of information that can improve the learning and knowledge impartation experience. The uniqueness of OH is presented in the following advantages of its use: it allows one to learn about the perspectives of individuals who might not otherwise appear in the historical record; it allows one to compensate for the digital age; one can learn different kinds of information; it provides historical actors with an opportunity to tell their own stories in their own words; and it offers a rich opportunity for human interaction. This article discusses the placement of oral history in the classroom set-up by investigating its use as a source of learning material presented by the National Archives of Zimbabwe to students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST). Interviews and a group discussion were used to gather data from an archivist at the National Archives of Zimbabwe, lecturers and students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at NUST, respectively. These groups were approached on the usability, uniqueness and other characteristics that support this type of knowledge about OH in a tertiary learning experience. The findings indicate several qualities that reflect the richness of OH as a teaching source material in a classroom set-up. It further points to weak areas that may be addressed where the source is considered a viable strategy for knowledge sharing and learning. The researchers present a possible model that can be used to champion the use of this rich knowledge source in classroom education at this university and in similar set-ups. 

COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO CONTROL INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND COMFORT IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING RETROFITTING

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Arnesano ◽  
Gian Marco Revel ◽  
Filippo Pietroni ◽  
Jurgen Frick ◽  
Manuela Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

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