scholarly journals Plant Spacing and Variety of Field Corn (Zea mays L.) Affecting Yield, Yield Components and Silage Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattarat CHAYANONT ◽  
Sujin JENWEERAWAT ◽  
Jiraporn CHAUGOOL ◽  
Sayan TUDSRI ◽  
Tanapon CHAISAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Stalk Yield

The recent increase in dairy and cattle production in Thailand has increased demand for high-quality roughage, particularly corn silage. Although there has been a great deal of research on field corn, far fewer studies have focused on corn intended as silage. This study involved a field experiment that analyzed crop management methods, focusing on plant spacing and 8 of the field corn varieties most commonly used in Thailand. The objectives were to determine which plant spacing and variety produced the best forage yield and silage qualities of corn silage. The plantings were arranged in a split-plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plot contained two spacing (75×20 and 75×25 cm2), each with subplots of 8 field corn varieties (SW5, NS2, NS3, NSX982013, TE1719, WS6437, WS6440, WS6442). All plants received the same crop management care regarding soil conditions, water, fertilization, and weeding. The results showed plant spacing did not significantly affect plant height (cm) and ears per plant, but the narrower 75×20 cm2 spacing produced the highest fresh leaf yield (13 t ha-1) and dry stalk yield (4.5 t ha-1) (p < 0.05). At 75×20 cm2 spacing, the TE1719 varietal had more ears per plant than SW5 (the check variety). TE1719 had the best fresh ear, stalk, and total biomass yield at both spacing of all the varieties. With regard to silage quality, the plant spacing did not significantly affect the CP, ADF, ADL, ash, and pH of the corn silage. The study revealed planting TE1719 varieties at 75×20 cm2 spacing is more economical for farmers because it increases forage yields without negatively affecting the nutritional value of corn silage.

scholarly journals Row Arrangements of Maize and Soybean Intercrop on Silage Quality and Grain Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Vanderson Vieira Batista ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Pedro Valério Dutra de Moraes ◽  
Karine Fuschter Oligini ◽  
Cleverson Luiz Giacomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Maize Grain

The success of maize + soybean intercrop depends on the plant arrangement. An experiment was carried out to evaluate different row arrangements on intercrop forage yield, silage quality and maize grain yield in relation to maize as a sole crop. The experiment was set up with a randomized complete block design with eight row arrangements between maize and Soybean. Maize biomass yield among crop arrangements were similar, although, lower than the maize sole crop. On the other hand, these treatments showed higher soybean biomass yield, which in turn increased silage crude protein and crude protein yield per unit area. Maize thousand grain weight, grain yield per plant and per area was affected by the intercrop arrangements. The use of two corn rows + two soybean rows (2M+2S-30 cm) and four corn rows + four soybean rows (4M+4S-30 cm) showed higher crude protein yield per area associated with similar maize grain yield in relation to the sole maize crop. In conclusion, alternating four maize rows with four soybean rows was the optimum row ratio in maize + soybean intercrop, though this needs to be further confirmed by more trials.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Spacing and Planting Model on Multiple Cropping of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) under Saline Soil Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika ◽  
Luqman Qurata Aini ◽  
Muhammad Jauhar Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 at Sidomukti Village, Brondong Sub-District of Lamongan Regency, Province of East Java. The research was performed with the aim of examining and obtaining appropriate combinations of plant spacing and planting model for red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) plants in saline soil conditions. The utilized design on this research was randomized block design. This research consists of 6 combinations that are repeated 4 times, resulting in 24 experimental units. Based on the research, it was found that the treatment of multiple cropping of red chilies i.e. 2 rows of shallot plants between rows of red chilies have land equivalence ratios (LER) greater than 1, being 1.32 and 1.41, which indicates that the treatment of multiple cropping leads to higher land effectiveness.

scholarly journals Forage Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Maize+Soybean With Different Relative Maturity Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Vanderson Vieira Batista ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Laercio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Magali Floriano Da Silveira ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Total Crude Protein

The success of maize+soybean intercrop depends on the correct synchronism between species phenological stages at the silage point. Due to it, the experiment was carried out to evaluate maize+soybean intercrop forage yield and silage quality using crops with different maturity cycle combination. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with a 2 &times; 3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of two maize hybrids (1: P1630YHR-early cycle and 2: middle cycle P30F53VYHR) and two soybean cultivars (P95R51-maturity cycle of 5.1; TMG7062-maturity cycle of 6.2) and one control represented by maize monocrop. Silage harvesting was performed when maize had reached 2/3 milk line stage. Intercropping soybean into maize did not affect its biomass yield. Both soybean cultivars present compatible cycles for ensiling together with maize hybrids, since they were in phenological stages from R5.3 to R7 by the time maize was at its optimum stage for ensiling. There was interaction between species for the soybean biomass yield. Maize hybrid P30F53 produced higher biomass yield than P1630 what also resulted in higher amount of total crude protein yield. Intercrop P1630-P95R51 produced 458 Kg ha-1 of crude protein more than maize monocrop. Maize+soybean intercropping system results in higher silage crude protein percentage and yield per area (Kg of CP ha-1).

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of maize and Brachiaria grasses cultivated at monocropping and intercropping in a compacted Latossolo

2020 ◽  
pp. 1533-1540
Author(s):  
Aline Borges Torino ◽  
Lucas Freitas do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Marlete Ferreira de Brito ◽  
Jordaanny Danyelly Pereira Lima ◽  
Wainer Gomes Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Obtaining adequate yields by intercropping maize and grasses in soils with poor physical quality is a challenge for managing crop-livestock systems in the Cerrado region. The aim of the present study was to verify the viability of maize in intercropping with Brachiaria grasses in the second crop season in a physically degraded Latossolo. The experiment was carried out in accordance with a split-plot completely randomized block design with four replications. Seven treatments (T) were evaluated in the plots: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguas (p), Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes (x), Brachiaria ruziziensis (r) and maize (m) as monocrops (Tp1, Tx1, Tr1 and Tm1) and maize in intercropping with each of the three Brachiaria species (Tp2, Tx2 and Tr2). Two grass management systems were evaluated in each subplot: with (M1) and without simulated grazing (M2) of the grasses. Soil physical quality was estimated by the least limiting water range of undisturbed soil samples collected at layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Crop agronomic yield evaluations were carried out for maize, and both the forage biomass and mulch biomass of the grasses were evaluated. Water deficit during the reproductive crop phase and soil compaction explained the low productivity observed in the experiments. The replacement of the maize crops with pasture during the second crop season is indicated in physical degradation soil conditions. Use of the Brachiaria ruziziensis grass in the intercropping system under simulated pasture grazing resulted in a satisfactory forage yield in the off-season and was the best alternative for oversowing in the intercropping systems. Mulch biomass production in intercropping systems with simulated grazing did not reach adequate amounts for soil cover, and suppression of the last cut could potentially result in increased biomass accumulation and system viability. Overall, it is recommended that maize cultivation during the second crop season in Brazil be preceded by a soil compaction diagnosis.

Crop management systems for corn (Zea mays L.) following established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. S. Aflakpui ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
G. W. Anderson ◽  
D. R. Clements ◽  
M. R. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Management Systems

Crop management systems utilizing no-till and legumes for soil improvement and double cropping represent promising systems for the preservation of soil, productivity and sustainability in Ontario agriculture. Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to investigate the effect of planting date and tillage system on corn silage and grain yield for corn planted into either an established alfalfa sod or bare soil. There were no differences in grain and total biomass yields between corn planted in May under the no-till treatment and corn planted in May under the fall-plowed treatment, in both years. In 1988, delaying corn planting until after first-cut hay harvest on fall-plowed plots did not result in grain yield reduction compared with May-planted corn under the same tillage regime. Grain yield was reduced significantly in 1989 by a delay in planting. Corn silage yield was equivalent among all systems in 1989, indicating that no-till systems can be used effectively for producing alfalfa hay and silage corn. In 1988, rainfall in June was 7% of the average value, and as a result planting difficulties resulted in low silage yields, particularly in the no-till treatment. However, under conditions of adequate soil moisture, no-till corn following alfalfa should produce yields comparable to those with conventional tillage systems, while enhancing soil properties. Key words: No-till, alfalfa, silage corn, planting date

The effect of grazing duration on forage quality and production of meadow foxtail

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess J. Wenick ◽  
Tony Svejcar ◽  
Raymond Angell
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

For the past 50 yr, meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) has been invading native flood meadows throughout the Harney Basin in southeastern Oregon. The expansion of this grass species has been the result of its broad climatic adaptation and ability to withstand drought while thriving in saturated soil conditions for a large part of the growing season. The growth of meadow foxtail starts as soon as adequate soil moisture exists. Managing this early-maturing hay species can prove to be a challenge because soil saturation and elevated water tables make it difficult to harvest hay when forage quality and yield are maximized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether planned grazing would retard maturation and thus prolong forage quality. Treatments included a non-grazed control and grazing durations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk. Grazing was initiated in May of 1998 and 1999 on six replications of each treatment arranged in a randomized block design. Within each treatment/replication combination, ten 0.2-m2 plots were clipped to ground level at about 2-wk intervals from May to August. The samples were weighed and dried for standing crop estimation and 4 of the 10 samples were selected at random and analyzed for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP). We found that early spring grazing decreased forage yield significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Grazing tended to slow the seasonal decline in CP. The effects of grazing on the forage fiber components, however, were inconsistent. The relatively small increase in forage quality does not appear to compensate for the large decline in hay yield (a 40% decline in the shortest grazing duration treatment). We recommend that unfertilized meadow foxtail pastures be used for either haying or grazing, but not both in a given growing season. Key words: Grazing, beef cattle, regrowth, forage yield

Forage Performance of Corn Hybrids and Their Varieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Moisés T. da Silva ◽  
Paulo V. Ferreira ◽  
Rosa C. Lira ◽  
Gilson M. Filho ◽  
João V. S. Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Border Effect ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fodder Production

The present study had as objective to evaluate the performance of maize hybrids and yours varieties for forage production in the climate and soil conditions of the forest area in the state of Alagoas. In conducting the experiment it was adopted the randomized block design, with 12 treatments (maize genotypes) and three replicates, totaling 36 experimental plot. Each experimental plot consisted of four rows of 5 meters in length, two lateral queues were discarded due to the border effect. For planting, the spacing of 0,7 m x 0,143 m was used, totalizing a final stand of 100,000 plants per hectare after thinning. At 93 days after sowing, the evaluations were carried out regarding the plants biometrics, and forage yield. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was developed, it can be concluded that: (a) The genotypes Jabotão, Branca, Branquinha and their experimental hybrids showed the highest plant height; (b) The experimental hybrid Janor presented the best culm/ear; (c) The Jabra and Branquinha genotypes are the best performance for forage yield (d) The Jabra experimental hybrid showed excellent forage aptitude, which makes it a promising material, which can be evaluated in other regions in the future and later launched as a genotype for fodder production.

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and its metabolites on corn silage quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Silva Bonaldi ◽  
Beatriz Ferreira Carvalho ◽  
Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila ◽  
Cristina Ferreira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Silage Quality

scholarly journals Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Ilias Travlos
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Irrigation is an agronomic practice of major importance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), especially in the semiarid environments of Southern Europe. Field experimentation was conducted in Western Greece (2016–2018) to evaluate the effects of irrigation timing on weed presence, alfalfa yield performance, and forage quality. In a randomized complete block design (four replications), two cultivars (“Ypati 84” and “Hyliki”) were the main plots, while three irrigation timings were the subplots (split-plot). The irrigation timings were IT-1, IT-2, and IT-3, denoting irrigation 1 week before harvest, 1 week after harvest, and 2 weeks after harvest, respectively. IT-1 reduced Solanum nigrum L. density by 54% and 79% as compared to IT-3 and IT-2, respectively. Chenopodium album L. density was the highest under IT-2. IT-3 resulted in 41% lower Amaranthus retroflexus L. density in comparison to IT-2, while the lowest values were observed under IT-1. Stand density and stems·plant−1 varied between years (p ≤ 0.05). Mass·stem−1 and alfalfa forage yield were affected by the irrigation timings (p ≤ 0.001). Total weed density and forage yield were negatively correlated in both the second (R2 = 87.013%) and the fourth (R2 = 82.691%) harvests. IT-1 and IT-3 increased forage yield, leaf per stem ratio, and crude protein as compared to IT-2. Further research is required to utilize the use of cultural practices for weed management in perennial forages under different soil and climatic conditions.

The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing season on response to water-limited stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
S. Bardehji ◽  
H. R. Eshghizadeh ◽  
M. Zahedi ◽  
M. R. Sabzalian ◽  
M. Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract A field experiment was carried out for over two seasons (autumn and spring) as a split–split plot scheme based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included two irrigation levels of the maximum available water depletion (maximum allowable depletion (MAD)) of 55 and 85% as non-stress and drought-stress environments, respectively, and the subplot accommodated two levels of nitrogen (0 and 62.5 kg N/ha, urea fertilizer); also, 20 barley genotypes were assigned to the sub-subplots. The biplot analysis of both sowing seasons showed that grain yield (GY) had a high positive correlation with total biomass (TB), whereas it had a high negative correlation with proline and total soluble carbohydrate as drought-tolerance-determinant characteristics. The genotypes which had the lowest and highest GY ranked significantly (P ≤ 0.01) different with changing the sowing season under each irrigation level, indicating a larger plant interaction and non-stability in response to the season change (about two-fold), as compared to the change in the irrigation conditions. It could also be concluded that barley genotypes might experience a higher decrease in GY and sensitivity to water deficit in the autumn sowing season, as compared to the spring planting season, which was also intensified by nitrogen application. However, the response to nitrogen application depends on the plant genotype.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document