scholarly journals Solid, Liquid and Gas Waste Management includes Handling of Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Akkanur Cakir ◽  
Kabake Nazim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Contaminate Surface Water ◽  
Natural Purification

The discussion talked about handling the environment and society from solid, liquid, and gas waste management. In this paper there are several methods that can be used to treat wastewater, including, Dilution (disposal by dilution). Wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes or the sea to dilute. In this way the wastewater will undergo natural purification. However, this method can contaminate surface water with pathogenic bacteria, worm larvae and eggs, and other germs in the wastewater. If only this method is applicable, the following conditions must be met, River or lake water may not be used for other purposes.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Statement on Kolleru Lake Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2509-2512
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Impact

Catchments are most important for the purpose of practicing irrigation and recharging groundwater by collecting water during the rainy season so that the nearby land will be in surplus quantity of groundwater due to the continues percolation of water from the catchments, even the stored water in the form of catchments will be used as an alternative water source for other requirements apart from the irrigation practices such as for industries and other developmental activities taking place nearby the catchments. Year by year it was noticed that in the world scenario the pollutant concentration is keep on increasing especially water and air pollution due to the excessive load of population that is increasing from the rural to urban areas [10]. Coming to water pollution the major portion of pollution is increasing in the surface water bodies [4] due to various activities like surface runoff, intentionally releasing of untreated effluents from the nearby industries into the catchments [8] and the agricultural runoff etc, whatever the reason there is an immediate need and an emergency to monitor these catchments as the average rainfall is gradually decreasing due to the changing climatic conditions like global warming which leads to the reduced availability of water in the surface water bodies at the other side the existing water is being contaminated [5] by the activities of nearby people. The impact will be severe when the same situation continues in the days to come where the living standards of the people will be decreased at a notable level and the impact will be much more severe on the irrigated land which depends on the catchments. The study has done at Kolleru Lake in west godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Collected Six Water samples from six locations around the lake for analysis [7] and then the results of the analysis compared with Central Pollution Control Board 1979and Indian standards 1982 guidelines for water in the surface water bodies to find out the present scenario of lake water.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN EDUKASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA PEMURUS, KECAMATAN ALUH-ALUH, KABUPATEN BANJAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Dian Rosadi ◽  
Zulfa Emelda ◽  
Elwan Mustawan ◽  
Diny Febrianita ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Yulia Adelina
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Solid Liquid

ABSTRAKSampah adalah material sisa, yang diproduksi ke alam baik dalam bentuk padatan, cair, ataupun gas. Permasalahan sampah merupakan masalah yang besar di Desa Pemurus RT 001B dikarenakan cara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga hanya dibuang ke sungai. Oleh karena itu diperlukan edukasi mengenai pengelolaan sampah. Pengelolaan sampah merupakan kegiatan yang sistematis, menyeluruh, dan berkesinambungan yang meliputi pengurangan dan penanganan sampah. Namun, karena Pandemi Covid-19 intervensi Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan (PBL) I dimodifikasi menjadi penyuluhan dengan menggunakan media poster, leaflet, booklet dan juga video edukasi mengenai upaya pengelolaan sampah yang dikirimkan langsung ke masyarakat. Kegiatan PBL II yang dilakukan secara daring menggunakan media aplikasi grup WhatsApp. Berdasarkan hasil pre-post test yang dilakukan dengan 14 peserta diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan dari hasil pre-test dengan hasil post-test. Berdasarkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pengolahan sampah terjadi peningkatan dengan nilai Sig (0,004)>0,05. Berdasarkan sikap masyarakat mengenai pengolahan sampah terjadi peningkatan dengan nilai Sig (0,031)>0,05. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat agar ikut berperan aktif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai pengelolaan sampah khususnya yang ada di Desa Pemurus RT 001B melalui penyuluhan sehingga nantinya dapat menciptakan derajat kesehatan yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: pengelolaan sampah; desa pemurus rt 001b; penyuluhan. ABSTRACTWaste is waste material, which is produced in nature in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. The waste problem is a big problem in Pemurus Village RT 001B because the way of managing household waste is only thrown into the river. Therefore, education about waste management is needed. Waste management is a systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable activity that includes waste reduction and handling. Due to the Covid-19, PBL I intervention was modified into outreach using posters, leaflets, booklets and educational videos about waste management efforts that were sent directly to the community. PBL II activities carried out online using WhatsApp group. Based on the results of the pre-post test conducted with 14 participants, it was found that there was an increase from the pre-test results to the post-test results. Based on public knowledge about waste processing, there was an increase with the Sig value (0.004)>0.05. Based on people's attitudes regarding waste management, there was an increase with the value of Sig (0.031)>0.05. It is hoped that the community will take an active role in increasing knowledge and attitudes regarding waste management, especially in Pemurus Village RT 001B through counseling so that later it can create better health degrees. Keywords: waste management; pemurus village RT 001b; counseling.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from different tropical waters in Sri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. G. C. K. Mannapperuma ◽  
C. L. Abayasekara ◽  
G. B. B. Herath ◽  
D. R. I. B. Werellagama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Source Waters

This study investigated the bacteriological contamination of different water sources in Sri Lanka. Source waters (n = 74) including bottled water, well water and surface water were assessed for enumerating total coliforms and faecal coliforms using the membrane filtration method. The results showed that 18.5 and 14.8% of bottled water samples were contaminated with total coliforms and faecal coliforms, respectively. All the well water and surface water samples exceeded the WHO permitted levels for total coliforms and faecal coliforms. Bacteriological identification using biochemical tests and api 20E identification tests revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in all water sources tested. Bottled water mainly contained three Enterobacter species, while well water samples showed the broadest spectrum of bacteria including eleven coliform species belonging to the genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Rautella, and 10 non-coliform species in the genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Salmonella and Acinetobacter. Surface waters contained seven coliform species belonging to the genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Rautella and Serratia, and eight non-coliform species in the genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter. Detection of higher bacteriological counts and identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria in different source waters suggest a potential health risk of the water sources used in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Current situation of meat-related waste genera ted by free state abattoirs, South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Hester Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Free State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria

Legislation exists which prescribes specific waste disposal methods, especially for condemned products, but financial constraints prohibits its implementation. Current legislation requires independent meat inspection but it is not yet applied at all abattoirs and will take a considerable period of time before it is in place. Meat inspection does not serve any pwpose if condemned products returns to the food chain. Waste management practices at the different grades of abattoirs (Grades A to E) will be assessed and interviews with management will be used to predict the associated health risks to the community and the meat industry. Results obtained, will be used to construct a model to recommend the most suitable waste management system for each grade of abattoir in the Free State Province. This model would be appropriate for other provinces in South Africa. Spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are found on the surfaces of meat products. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness when these products are consumed (Aberle, et.al., 2001). Food borne illnesses are a world-wide phenomena that also play a role in South Africa. Duse (2002) quoted the Department of Health statistics indicating that in the period of January to June 1998 there were 110 cases of food poisoning and 3 deaths and in 1999 127 cases reported and 0 deaths occurred. A large variety of bacterial genera have been recovered from red-meat, poultry and their products for example, Actinobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Aalmonella, Zersinia, and Streptococcus. An increase in amounts ofwaste are generated all over the world. Abattoirs are one of the industries that contribute to the problem of possible food-borne diseases and potential health hazards associated with food, especially meat (Bradshaw, et.al. 1992). Waste generated by abattoirs include condemned organs and carcasses, blood, hides, paunch content and carcass trimmings. Condemned products and carcasses, unsuitable for human consumption, are eaten by ,,cavengers" or persons living off refuse sites, and could cause a significant health problem which could lead to disease and death.Current economic conditions force under- privileged communities to seek any possible source of food and some of the sites frequented are landfill sites, dumping grounds and disposal sites used by abattoirs (Personal communication, Derbyshire, 2003),

scholarly journals BACTERIA AND PARASITIC PATHOGENS IN CONDITIONS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF WATER FROM SURFACE WATER BODIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
L. V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Z. Artemova ◽  
A. V. Zagaynova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
The City ◽  
Moscow River

There were identified priority pollutants in water of the Moscow river below the city (petroleum products, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper; anionic surfactants), which can affect the natural microbiocenosis of surface water. The presence in surface waters heavy metals - cadmium in a concentration of 4 MPC for fishery purposes, of lead at a concentration of 5 MPC for fishery purposes, oil at a concentration of 49 MPC, zinc at a concentration of 10 MPC for fishery purposes, anionic surfactants at the concentrations below the MPC, and also at excess of MPC by 5 times for chlorides, nitrites and nitrates to a large extent was established to affect the viability of indicator bacteria - coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, while maintaining in the water of pathogenic bacteria - Salmonella and parasitic pathogens living Entamoebae spp. and cystic viable vegetative forms of pathogenic protozoa Flagellata spp. and viable helminth eggs Larvae spp.

scholarly journals Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mbanga ◽  
Akebe Luther King Abia ◽  
Daniel Gyamfi Amoako ◽  
Sabiha. Y. Essack
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Access to safe water for drinking and domestic activities remains a challenge in emerging economies like South Africa, forcing resource-limited communities to use microbiologically polluted river water for personal and household purposes, posing a public health risk. This study quantified bacterial contamination and the potential health hazards that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and communities may face after exposure to waterborne pathogenic bacteria in a WWTP and its associated surface water, respectively. Results Escherichia coli (Colilert®-18/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) and enterococci (Enterolert®/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) were quantified and definitively identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the uidA and tuf genes, respectively. An approximate beta-Poisson dose-response model was used to estimate the probability of infection (Pi) with pathogenic E. coli. Mean E. coli concentration ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 4.84E+ 06/100 mL; enterococci ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 3.19E+ 06/100 mL across all sampled sites. Of the 580 E. coli isolates obtained from this study, 89.1% were intestinal, and 7.6% were extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The 579 enterococci obtained were 50.4% E. faecalis (50.4%), 31.4% E. faecium, 3.5%, E. casseliflavus and 0.7% E. gallinarum. The community health risk stemming from the use of the water for recreational and domestic purposes revealed a greater health risk (Pi) from the ingestion of 1 mL of river water from upstream (range, 55.1–92.9%) than downstream (range, 26.8–65.3%) sites. The occupational risk of infection with pathogenic E. coli for workers resulting from a once-off unintentional consumption of 1 mL of water was 0% (effluent) and 23.8% (raw influent). Multiple weekly exposures of 1 mL over a year could result in a Pi of 1.2 and 100% for the effluent and influent, respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal that there is a potentially high risk of infection for WWTP workers and communities that use river water upstream and downstream of the investigated WWTP.

Humus transformation at the bank filtration water plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Miettinen ◽  
P. J. Martikainen ◽  
T. Vartiainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Water Plant

Transformations in the amount and quality of organic matter (humus) during bank filtration of surface water were studied by analyzing the changes in total organic carbon (TOC), non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color of water, and UV absorbing humus fractions. The amount of organic matter expressed as TOC, NPOC, and COD depended on temperature and filtration distance from lake water. The color of water and the UV absorbing humus peaks presenting different humus molecule fractions decreased more effectively than other parameters measuring the amount of organic matter in water. The ratio of COD to TOC decreased when the filtration distance of water increased. Our observations indicated that bank filtration of humus-rich lake water changed more the quality of organic matter than its total amount.

Spruce and surface water acidification: an extended summary

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1240) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Surface Water Acidification ◽  
Forest Survey ◽  
Open Land ◽  
South Sweden

It has been proposed that vegetation and soil changes resulting from changes in land use cause surface-water acidification. The expansion of spruce forest, from natural colonization and from afforestation, has been one of the major changes that has taken place in the vegetation of South Sweden during this century. Spruce has been favoured at the expense of broad-leafed trees by forest management and has been planted on open land, abandoned farm land and in forests. Since the 1920s, the area covered by spruce forest has increased by 2.3 million haf in Gotaland and Svealand, and the frequency of spruce trees in the forests has increased from 11.5 to 33.5% (data from Department of Forest Survey, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umea). Gotaland and Svealand comprise the southernmost third of Sweden, the area that suffers most from lake acidification. Spruce colonization alters soil conditions. In several investigations, in which conditions in spruce and birch stands have been compared, significantly lower pH values have been recorded in spruce forest soils. It has been suggested that spruce expansion also leads to lake-water acidification, but this has not been confirmed. Unfortunately, it is difficult to design an investigation aimed at studying the acidification effects of spruce forest under prevailing levels of atmospheric pollution because there are problems in distinguishing between true vegetation-soil effects, effects of air pollution, and combined effects. To assess whether spruce forest per se causes lake-water acidification, we have studied the effects of the natural immigration of spruce that reached northern Sweden from the northeast about 3000 years ago, before there was any acid precipitation from fossil-fuel combustion. Palaeoecological studies indicate that spruce colonized land that was occupied by birch, alder and pine.

scholarly journals Surface water isolates of hemolytic and non-hemolytic Acinetobacter with multiple drug and heavy metal resistance ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevilay Akbulut ◽  
Fadime Yilmaz ◽  
Bulent Icgen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Acinetobacter in surface waters are a major concern because of their rapid development of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials and their ability to persist in these waters for a very long time. Four surface water isolates of Acinetobacter having both multidrug- and multimetal-resistant ability were isolated and identified through biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on these analyses, two hemolytic isolates were affiliated with Acinetobacter haemolyticus with an accession number of X81662. The other two non-hemolytic isolates were identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and affiliated with accession numbers of Z93440 and AJ888983, respectively. The antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of the isolates were determined by using 26 antibiotics and 17 heavy metals. Acinetobacter isolates displayed resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. The hemolytic isolates were found to show resistance to higher numbers of heavy metals than the non-hemolytic ones. Due to a possible health risk of these pathogenic bacteria, a need exists for an accurate assessment of their acquired resistance to multiple drugs and metals.

scholarly journals Elimination of enteric indicators and pathogenic bacteria in secondary effluents and lake water by solar disinfection (SODIS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. S. AL-Gheethi ◽  
I. Norli ◽  
Mohd Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Secondary Effluents

The reduction of enteric indicators (fecal coliforms (FC) and Enterococcus faecalis) and elimination of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus) in the secondary effluents and lake water by solar disinfection (SODIS) was studied in this article. FC, E. faecalis, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus were isolated and enumerated using membrane filtration techniques after SODIS of samples inside transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h. The results show that SODIS can reduce numbers of FC, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus by more than 4 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL after 6 h. However, regrowth of these bacteria was observed after the incubation of the treated samples at 37 °C for 24 h, whereas SODIS for 8 h would eliminate pathogenic bacteria and no regrowth would be observed in these samples as determined by an absence and presence technique using enrichment medium. E. faecalis was not eliminated in the secondary effluents and lake water by SODIS, but this bacterium was reduced to less than detection limits (1 CFU/100 mL) when the treated secondary effluent samples were stored for 16 days at room temperature. The elimination of pathogenic bacteria and reduction of enteric indicators resulted in undetectable levels using SODIS for secondary effluents and lake water.

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