scholarly journals A Review of Coronavirus Disease Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Swapnali Zore
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
End Stage ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is currently managed with systemic glucocorticoids. Opportunistic fungal infections are of concern in such patients. While COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis is increasingly recognized, mucormycosis is rare. We describe a case of probable pulmonary mucormycosis in a 55-year-old man with diabetes, end-stage kidney disease, and COVID-19. The index case was diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis 21 days following admission for severe COVID-19. He received 5 g of liposomal amphotericin B and was discharged after 54 days from the hospital. We also performed a systematic review of the literature and identified seven additional cases of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM). Of the eight cases included in our review, diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor. Three subjects had no risk factor other than glucocorticoids for COVID-19. Mucormycosis usually developed 10–14 days after hospitalization. All except the index case died. In two subjects, CAM was diagnosed postmortem. Mucormycosis is an uncommon but serious infection that complicates the course of severe COVID-19. Subjects with diabetes mellitus and multiple risk factors may be at a higher risk for developing mucormycosis. Concurrent glucocorticoid therapy probably heightens the risk of mucormycosis. A high index of suspicion and aggressive management is required to improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Mucormycosis as the Leading Clinical Type of Mucormycosis in Western China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Qu ◽  
Xijiao Liu ◽  
Xiaoju Lv
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Western China ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Clinical Type

The aim was to better understand the clinical characteristics of patients with mucormycosis in western China. We retrospectively investigated the clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment profiles of mucormycosis patients during a 10-year period (2010–2019). As a result, 59 proven mucormycosis were enrolled in this study. It was found that 52.5% of patients had worse clinical outcomes. Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) was the most common clinical manifestation. The most frequent risk factor was diabetes mellitus (38, 64.4%) for mucormycosis patients. Cough (43, 93.5%), fever (24, 52.2%) and hemoptysis/bloody phlegm (21, 45.7%) were the most common manifestations of PM. There were no differences in clinical manifestations, risk factors and laboratory tests between different clinical outcome groups (P>0.05). Lymph node enlargement (30, 65.2%), patchy shadows (28, 60.9%), cavitation (25, 53.3%) and bilateral lobe involvement (39, 84.8%) were the most common on chest CT. Nodule was more common in good outcome group (P <0.05). A total of 48 cases (81.4%) were confirmed by histopathological examination, 22 cases (37.3%) were confirmed by direct microscopy. PM patients were treated with amphotericin B/amphotericin B liposome or posaconazale had better clinical outcomes (P <0.05). In conclusion, PM was the most common clinical type of mucormycosis in China. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor. PM has diverse imaging manifestations and was prone to bilateral lobes involvement. Early diagnosis and effective anti-mucor treatment contribute to successful treatment.

scholarly journals Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis in Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balamurugan ◽  
Ashish Khodifad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Masquerade Syndrome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Immunocompromised State ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Endogenous endophthalmitis accounts for 2% to 8% of cases of endophthalmitis. Immunocompromised state and intravenous drug use are the 2 most common causes of endogenous endophthalmitis due to molds fungi. Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Scedosporium are the common organisms in mold endophthalmitis. We report a case of Fusarium endophthalmitis in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. While diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for endogenous endophthalmitis, we did not find any reported case of Fusarium endophthalmitis in a case of diabetes mellitus. The patient presented with granulomatous uveitis masquerading as noninfectious uveitis with a very good response to steroids. The characteristic clinical features were established late in the clinical course associated with poor outcome. This case highlights the significance of uncontrolled diabetes as a risk factor for Fusarium endophthalmitis and also the presentation of endophthalmitis as a masquerade syndrome. The clinician should have high index of suspicion as these cases have poor outcomes.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis, A New Incident in Recent Time: Is An Emerging Disease in The Near Future Impending?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
High Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Aggressive Management ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

AbstractMucormycosis (also known as black fungus) is caused by fungi of the Zygomycetes class and is the third most common invasive mycosis after candidiasis and aspergillosis. They colonize a large number of patients without invading them. Systemic glucocorticoids are currently used to treat severe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In such patients, opportunistic fungal infections are a problem. Although COVID-19-related pulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more common, mucormycosis is still uncommon. Mucormycosis normally appears 10 to 14 days after being admitted to the hospital. Mucormycosis is a rare but dangerous infection that can make extreme COVID-19 worse.Mucormycosis is more likely to occur in people who have diabetes mellitus and other risk factors. Mucormycosis is most likely exacerbated by concurrent glucocorticoid treatment. To improve outcomes, a high index of suspicion and aggressive management is required. Excessive usage of steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and broad-spectrum antibiotics might cause the formation or worsen of a fungal infection.A high index of suspicion and aggressive management are needed. In patients with COVID-19 infection, physicians should be vigilant of the likelihood of subsequent invasive fungal infections. To enhance results in pulmonary mucormycosis, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Confirmation of the clinical form necessitates a combination of symptoms that are consistent with tissue invasion histologically. Combining various clinical data and the isolation of the fungus from clinical samples in culture is needed for the probable diagnosis of mucormycosis. The organism that causes mucormycosis is identified using macroscopic and microscopic morphological criteria, carbohydrate assimilation, and the maximum temperature at which they can expand. Mucormycosis must be treated with antifungal medication prescribed by a doctor. It may necessitate surgery in some circumstances, and it can result in the loss of the upper jaw and, in some situations, an eye.

scholarly journals Angina in a diabetic patient: a case of integrated approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Eugenio Roberto Cosentino ◽  
Elisa Rebecca Rinaldi ◽  
Claudio Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus, both of type 1 and 2, is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis: in diabetic patients vascular atherosclerotic complications are responsible of approximately 80% of all the deaths. There is no doubt that patients affections originating from diabetes and coronaropathy remain at high risk. For this reason it is essential to adopt an aggressive strategy of secondary prevention. We report a case of a patient with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: the successful management was due to an integrated approach that involved the general practitioner and cardiologist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document