scholarly journals Asymmetrical Relations in Audiovisual Translation in Brazil: A Corpus-based investigation of Fixed Expressions

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-338
Author(s):  
Domingos Soares
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

This study aims to investigate, in dubbed and subtitled versions of the films Madagascar (2005) and Ice Age (2002), how fixed expressions (Moon, 1998) are translated in dubbing and subtitling methods and to examine how employing domestication and foreignisation (Venuti, 1995) can undermine or reinforce the asymmetrical relations, here defined by globalisation as discussed by Venuti (1998) and Cronin (2003, 2009). The analysis is carried out through reference and parallel corpus (Baker, 1995). Final results show that subtitling, rather than dubbing, is more prone to adopt foreignising strategies with regard to the translation of fixed expressions. Additionally, there have been identified, in the subtitled versions of the corpus, translation instances that deliberately move away from target language fixed expressions.

scholarly journals Pseudotext Injection and Advance Filtering of Low-Resource Corpus for Neural Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael Adjeisah ◽  
Guohua Liu ◽  
Douglas Omwenga Nyabuga ◽  
Richard Nuetey Nortey ◽  
Jinling Song
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Sentence Level

Scaling natural language processing (NLP) to low-resourced languages to improve machine translation (MT) performance remains enigmatic. This research contributes to the domain on a low-resource English-Twi translation based on filtered synthetic-parallel corpora. It is often perplexing to learn and understand what a good-quality corpus looks like in low-resource conditions, mainly where the target corpus is the only sample text of the parallel language. To improve the MT performance in such low-resource language pairs, we propose to expand the training data by injecting synthetic-parallel corpus obtained by translating a monolingual corpus from the target language based on bootstrapping with different parameter settings. Furthermore, we performed unsupervised measurements on each sentence pair engaging squared Mahalanobis distances, a filtering technique that predicts sentence parallelism. Additionally, we extensively use three different sentence-level similarity metrics after round-trip translation. Experimental results on a diverse amount of available parallel corpus demonstrate that injecting pseudoparallel corpus and extensive filtering with sentence-level similarity metrics significantly improves the original out-of-the-box MT systems for low-resource language pairs. Compared with existing improvements on the same original framework under the same structure, our approach exhibits tremendous developments in BLEU and TER scores.

scholarly journals Constructing a Large-Scale English-Persian Parallel Corpus

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Mosavi Miangah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Memory ◽  
Web Documents ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
General Translation ◽  
The Web

Abstract In recent years the exploitation of large text corpora in solving various kinds of linguistic problems, including those of translation, is commonplace. Yet a large-scale English-Persian corpus is still unavailable, because of certain difficulties and the amount of work required to overcome them. The project reported here is an attempt to constitute an English-Persian parallel corpus composed of digital texts and Web documents containing little or no noise. The Internet is useful because translations of existing texts are often published on the Web. The task is to find parallel pages in English and Persian, to judge their translation quality, and to download and align them. The corpus so created is of course open; that is, more material can be added as the need arises. One of the main activities associated with building such a corpus is to develop software for parallel concordancing, in which a user can enter a search string in one language and see all the citations for that string in it and corresponding sentences in the target language. Our intention is to construct general translation memory software using the present English-Persian parallel corpus.

Language contact through translation

Target ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-455
Author(s):  
Shuangzi Pang ◽  
Kefei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Chinese Texts

Abstract This article investigates the role of translations from English in language change in Chinese. It employs a new corpus, the Chinese Diachronic Composite Corpus (CDCC), which incorporates a parallel corpus and comparable corpus in three sampling periods in the twentieth century, and a refe­rence corpus as a starting point in the timeframe. We examine whether explicitness in English–Chinese translations has exerted an impact on the target language, focusing on adversative conjunctions as a measure of explicitness. The results of the study demonstrate that: (1) translated Chinese texts have changed in step with original Chinese texts in the frequency of adversative conjunctions; (2) translated Chinese texts and original Chinese texts are interrelated throughout the three periods, but the correlation between them has changed perceptibly over the three sample points; and (3) source language interference found in translated Chinese texts increases over the three periods.

The use of technical collocations in popular science genres

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Hala Sharkas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
National Geographic

This paper investigates the use of technical collocations in the genre of popular science articles and the strategies used by translators to render such collocations. The study mainly aims to answer these questions: (1) are technical collocations used in this genre, and if yes, to what extent? (2) What are the strategies used to render such collocations into the target language? A pilot study is conducted to analyze a small parallel corpus of popular science articles from the National Geographic magazine and its Arabic version in order to identify technical collocations in the source texts and their equivalents in the target texts. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.

scholarly journals Discourse markers in English and European Portuguese translations: establishing functional equivalents and types of omission

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Milana Andreevna Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Original Language ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Target Languages

Based on the translations of a bidirectional English-Portuguese parallel corpus, this paper examines some English discourse markers (henceforth ‘DMs’, such as well, you know, I mean). The goal is twofold: firstly, the analysis of the translations establishes functional equivalents of the English DMs in European Portuguese, thus complementing the existing studies on translation of DMs in parallel corpus. Secondly and most importantly, this paper aims to approach the phenomenon of DMs omission frequently observed in translations from the empirical, rather than theoretical point of view. In particular, the study focuses on omission of DMs in the target languages. The corpus analysis resulted in the identification of three most common types of omission: DM deletion (i.e. a common DM deletion or omission in the target language), partial DM deletion (i.e. when one of the two DMs in the original language drops, resulting in translation of only one of them in the target language), DM addition (i.e. when there is no DM in the original language, but the translator has added it).

scholarly journals Speech Act (Im)Politeness and Audiovisual Constraints in Translation for Dubbing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Vittorio Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Original Film ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
Linguistic Modification ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

The present article sets out to explore the under-researched relationship between linguistic (im)politeness and audiovisual translation, by taking the speech act of requests as object of analysis in English films and in their dubbed Italian versions. As dubbing constraints often lead translators to depart substantially from the original utterance, the study shows how linguistic changes can result in alterations of the (im)polite load inherent in the requests from original film versions. The study focuses on pragmatic strategies for realizing requests in English film dialogues and shows that dubbing constraints may underlie the adoption of different pragmatic strategies for the requests of target-language dialogues. The (im)politeness shifts that this linguistic modification process entails may make the same character come across as more or less (im)polite in the target-language version and are, for this reason, worth investigating.

scholarly journals The Untranslatability of Dialects in Subtitling. An Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in the English Subtitles to The Peasants

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 295-307
Author(s):  
Anna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

The aim of this research is to estimate the degree of dialect untranslatability in audiovisual translation AVT. Polish regiolects may constitute a significant barrier to interlingual transfer. The problems with non-standard varieties of a language, which are frequently incomprehensible even to native speakers of their standard counterparts, can be overcome by means of, inter alia, explanatory periphrastic substitution added to the translated text. In the method of subtitling examined in this research, however, a translation of this kind is nearly impossible due to the broadly defined aesthetics of film e.g. time and space constraints frequently applied to the mode of AVT. Therefore, this article examines the hypothesis of dual constraint, which assumes a two-fold hindrance to a successful AV dialect transfer i.e. the lack of equivalents in the target language and the aforementioned aesthetic requirements of film. The corpus of the material researched here is based on the English subtitles for the screen adaptation of Chłopi — a Nobel Prize-winning novel written by Władysław Stanisław Reymont The Peasants; PolArt Video 2006. This article provides the theoretical background for the subsequent study as well as introduces its own classification of the translation techniques applicable to this particular piece of research as well as to other AV dialect transfers. The research part focuses on the research proper. The findings are briefly summarised and conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Machine Translation System Using Deep Learning for English to Urdu

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Syed Abdul Basit Andrabi ◽  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Machine Translation System

Machine translation is an ongoing field of research from the last decades. The main aim of machine translation is to remove the language barrier. Earlier research in this field started with the direct word-to-word replacement of source language by the target language. Later on, with the advancement in computer and communication technology, there was a paradigm shift to data-driven models like statistical and neural machine translation approaches. In this paper, we have used a neural network-based deep learning technique for English to Urdu languages. Parallel corpus sizes of around 30923 sentences are used. The corpus contains sentences from English-Urdu parallel corpus, news, and sentences which are frequently used in day-to-day life. The corpus contains 542810 English tokens and 540924 Urdu tokens, and the proposed system is trained and tested using 70 : 30 criteria. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system, several automatic evaluation metrics are used, and the model output is also compared with the output from Google Translator. The proposed model has an average BLEU score of 45.83.

scholarly journals The Translatability of Interjections: A Case Study of Arabic-English Subtitling

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
State Security ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

This paper examines the translatability of Arabic interjections into English subtitling, illustrated with a subtitled Egyptian film, State Security subtitled by Arab Radio and Television (ART). Theoretical framework regarding both Audiovisual Translation (AVT) and interjections is first discussed. The significance of interjections is approached from the perspective of technical and translation paradigms. The study shows that although technical issues limit the subtitler’s choices, they have very little to do with translating interjections because they are typically short words. With regard to translation, the study shows that the subtitler may opt for three major translation strategies: 1) an avoidance of source language (SL) interjection whereby a SL interjectional utterance is translated into a target language (TL) interjection-free utterance; 2) a retention of SL interjection in which SL interjection is rendered into a TL interjection; and 3) an addition of interjection whereby SL interjection-free utterance is translated into a TL interjection.

scholarly journals Strategies used in the translation of fixed expressions in magazines: A comparison of selected texts with Afrikaans as source language and South African English as target language

Literator ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Fixed Expressions

This article will look at the translation of idioms and other types of fixed expressions from Afrikaans (the source language) into South African English (the target language), from selected texts in Huisgenoot and You magazines from a study conducted over the 10-week period from 18 July 2013 to 19 September 2013. The article will start by looking at the difficulties in defining idioms and other types of fixed expressions and will draw on the work of Rosamund Moon for this. It then uses the strategies on the translation of idioms (and other types of fixed expressions) in Mona Baker’s In Other Words to categorise a set of 70 such expressions according to the strategy used to translate them and concludes by looking at whether equivalence is obtained.

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